scholarly journals The Influence of Harvest Time on Sensory Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Sweet Cherries

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite A. Chauvin ◽  
Matthew Whiting ◽  
Carolyn F. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Flavor Intensity ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Early Harvest

The objective of this study was to identify the influence of harvest time on sensory attributes of sweet cherries (Prunus avium) as evaluated by a trained and consumer panel. Over three separate panel days, trained and consumer panelists evaluated ‘Sweetheart’ cherries that were harvested 3 days before commercial maturity (early harvest), at commercial maturity (midharvest), and 3 days postcommercial maturity (late harvest). Fruit attributes from each harvest time were characterized empirically by quantifying soluble solids concentration, exocarp color, and firmness. A sensory panel (n = 12), trained to recognize and evaluate the attributes of cherry appearance (color intensity), texture (flesh firmness and juiciness), and flavor/taste (sweetness, sourness, and cherry flavor intensity), evaluated the fruit. Fruit were then evaluated by a consumer panel for purchase intent, overall acceptance, appearance, flavor, and texture. From the trained panel results, late-harvest cherries were higher in color and flavor intensity. Midharvest cherries were highest in firmness, while early-harvest cherries were lowest in color intensity and sweetness. Consumer panel results indicated midharvest and late-harvest cherries had the highest overall acceptance, and midharvest cherries had the highest acceptance for appearance. Overall acceptance was strongly correlated to flavor acceptance (r = 0.94). These results indicated that cherries harvested at midharvest were the most preferred of the harvest times despite not having the highest intensities of color, sweetness, or flavor. This indicated the importance of color, sweetness, and flavor of cherries on the overall acceptance and the possible interaction of these attributes in consumer acceptance. Furthermore, the results suggest that standard harvest maturity indicator (i.e., red coloration of exocarp) was appropriate for optimum consumer acceptance of ‘Sweetheart’. More broadly, these results suggest that there is some flexibility for the grower with regards to ‘Sweetheart’ cherry harvest and acceptable sensory properties.

Incidence of rain splitting in sweet cherries treated with calcium or coating materials

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meheriuk ◽  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
D.-L. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Prunus Avium L ◽  
Better Than

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and Ca(OH)2 sprays reduced rain splitting in Van cherries (Prunus avium L.). Multiple applications were better than single sprays. Soluble solids content was increased in many instances by the treatments. Fruit shrivel was appreciable in cherries sprayed with Ca(OH)2 particularly in hot seasons. Single or multiple applications of Nutri-Save (a polymeric coating), Pro-Stick (a sticking agent) and Envy (an antitranspirant) did not affect rain splitting in Stella cherries. Key words: Prunus avium L., calcium sprays, fruit shrivel, cherry

scholarly journals Quality Indices and Sensory Scores Support Early Harvest of Pecans

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Juan L. Silva ◽  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Esteban A. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Early Harvest

Pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh. C.) Koch] were harvested weekly for 9 and 7 weeks until normal harvest time during 1986 and 1987, respectively. Kernels were tested for chemical, physical, and sensory properties. Moisture decreased from 13% at initial harvest time to 4% to 6% by normal harvest. Free fatty acids decreased from 0.5% to 0.2% by the third week before normal harvest. Tannins fluctuated, but averaged about 0.8%. Hue angle remained constant from the fourth week to normal harvest. Shear force increased from 90 to 135 N by the second week before normal harvest. Pecans can be harvested about 2 weeks before normal harvest without significant quality deficiencies.

scholarly journals 131 Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatments for Disinfestation of `Bing' Sweet Cherry

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412A-412
Author(s):  
Krista C. Shellie ◽  
Lisa Neven ◽  
Steve Drake
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature

Phytosanitary restrictions for insect pests can interfere with the marketing of fresh sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.). The objective of this research was to compare the quality of controlled atmosphere temperature treated (CAT) sweet cherries to methyl bromide fumigated cherries and non-heated, non-fumigated control fruit. Two CAT doses were evaluated: a 25-min exposure to 47 °C (117 °F) that heated the cherry center to 46 °C (115 °F), and a 40-min exposure to 45 °C (113 °F) that heated the cherries to a center temperature of 44 °C (111 °F). These heat doses approximated a heat dose that provides quarantine security against codling moth (Cydia pomonella Lw.) and western cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cingulata Lw.). An atmosphere of 1 kPa oxygen and 15 kPa carbon dioxide was established inside the treatment chamber for 21 min prior to heating. The influence on fruit quality of hydrocooling prior to the CAT treatment, cooling after treatment, and 2 weeks of cold storage after treatment in air or controlled atmosphere was evaluated. Each CAT dose was replicated four times using freshly harvested, `Bing' sweet cherries acquired from similar grower lots. Quality attributes evaluated included: stem and fruit color, firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, decay, and sensory evaluations. Hydrocooling prior to treatment, cooling method after heating and storage atmosphere had no significant influence on cherry quality after cold storage. The stem color of fumigated cherries was less green after storage than CAT treated cherries or untreated, control cherries. Cherries heated for 25 min were rated after cold storage by untrained panelists as similar to non-heated, non-fumigated control fruit. Heated cherries and methyl bromide fumigated cherries were less firm after cold storage than control fruit.

scholarly journals SWEET CHERRY QUALITY AFTER STORAGE IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080f-1080
Author(s):  
S.R. Drake ◽  
E.M. Kupferman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Sweet Cherries

Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) in combination with temperature control were investigated for qualify enhancement of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.). `Bing', `Lambert' and `Rainier' cherries (1 kg/pkg/rep) were wrapped in 1 of 3 different MAP films (5,303; 8,900 and 11,286 cc/sq M/24 hrs of O2 and stored at 0 or 4 C for 3 weeks. Post-storage evaluations included both fruit and stem color, fruit firmness, weight loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity, bruising and pitting valuations, respiration rates and visual assessment. MAP films helped maintain fruit and stem color, and fruit firmness, Whereas weight loss and bruising were reduced. Visual assessment was best with fruit in MAP film packages, There was little change in soluble solids and titratable acidity among fruit in the different MAP films. Control (unwrapped) fruit had considerably higher soluble solids and titratable acidity than wrapped fruit. This difference in soluble solids and titratable acidity between control and MAP fruit was associated with a considerable weight loss in the control fruit. Respiration rates of the fruit varied among the different MAP films and was cuitivar dependent. Fruit stored at 0 C had better quality after 3 weeks of storage than fruit stored at 4 C.

scholarly journals Comparison of Devices for Measuring Cherry Fruit Firmness

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Mitcham ◽  
M. Clayton ◽  
W.V. Biasi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Measurement Reliability ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Testing Performance

The performance of three relatively new nondestructive cherry firmness devices and a penetrometer were evaluated and compared with the firmness testing performance of an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The inherent variability of the nondestructive devices was estimated by repeated measurement of a uniform, symmetrical, and resilient rubber ball. Analysis of residuals from correlations between each device and the Instron from firmness testing on common samples of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) confirmed the relative variability of the nondestructive devices, and estimated measurement reliability of the penetrometer. Subjective firmness sensing by compression of cherries between the fingers of human evaluators proved to be less reliable than the devices tested. Sweet cherry firmness correlated reasonably well with skin color, with the strength of the correlations from each device agreeing with device ranking in terms of firmness measurement reliability. Firmness correlated poorly with soluble solids, titratable acidity, and specific gravity; soluble solids correlated well with specific gravity; and skin color correlated reasonably well with both soluble solids and specific gravity. Fruit surface pit volume, induced by a specific impact force from a ball bearing, correlated relatively well with fruit firmness measured by the penetrometer, but poorly or inconsistently with measurements from the remaining firmness devices.

scholarly journals Quality of Modified Atmosphere Packaged `Hedelfingen' and `Lapins' Sweet Cherries

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.I. Padilla-Zakour ◽  
K.S. Tandon ◽  
J.M. Wargo
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Quality Measurements

`Hedelfingen' and `Lapins' sweet cherries (Prunus avium) were stored in air or in two types of modified atmosphere (MA) bags (LifeSpan 204 and 208) at 3 °C (37.4 °F) and 90% relative humidity for 4 weeks. Various analytical and quality measurements were conducted weekly on `Hedelfingen' cherries, whereas on `Lapins' these were done initially and at the end of 4 weeks. For `Hedelfingen' cherries, there were differences in carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) composition within the MA bags, depending on the bag used. This resulted in slightly better cherry quality for the bag with lower O2 permeability (L204), which equilibrated at 4% to 5% O2 and 7% to 8% CO2. For `Lapins', the two MA bags showed concentrations of 9% to 10% O2 and 8% to 9% CO2 and similar final fruit quality. There was a significant weight loss for the control treatments over time (6% to 13%), whereas the MA treatments showed minimal losses. A higher incidence of cracking and decay was observed in MA treatments of `Hedelfingen' but not in `Lapins'. Control cherries had significant shriveling and browning of stems; MA-stored cherries had green and healthy stems after 4 weeks. No significant differences were observed in pH, acidity, soluble solids, firmness, and hue angle among the storage treatments. MA packaged cherries seemed to maintain better color than control cherries over time. Similarly, MA cherries had better appearance and eating quality after 4 weeks when compared to control cherries.

scholarly journals Growth, Fruiting, Flowering, and Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherries Treated with Paclobutrazol

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Facteau ◽  
N.E. Chestnut
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Five-year-old `Napoleon' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees were treated with single-application basal drenches of paclobutrazol (PBZ) in an attempt to regulate growth and flowering. Increasing concentrations of PBZ at 0.05 to 0.30 g·cm-1 trunk diameter reduced terminal extension the year of treatment and for at least the following 3 years. Fruit count increased on wood grown before treatment but decreased as annual growth declined following treatment. Fruit/cm growth generally increased, whereas fruit per flower bud decreased as PBZ concentration increased. No differences were found in fruit size, soluble solids concentration (SSC; 13% to 14%), or firmness of cherries harvested at brine maturity. Chemical name used: β-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyll-α- (l,l-dimethylethyl) -l-H-l,2,4-triazo1e-l-ethanol (paclobutrazol, PBZ).

scholarly journals Fruit Characteristics and Sensory Attributes of an Ideal Sweet Cherry

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Bob Fisher-Fleming ◽  
Eugene Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Panel Rating

The relationship between the objective assessment of analytical measures of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit quality and the corresponding sensory panel rating was studied. The optimum size, based on average fruit weight, for sweet cherries was 11 to 12 g. A nine-row or 29- to 30-mm-diameter sweet cherry would be the equivalent industry standard. When two separate panels were conducted with overlapping samples, panelists had similar results for optimum fruit size. The optimum color is represented by the #6 color chip of the prototype of the Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes (CTIFL) scale (#5 in new commercial CTIFL chart). A fruit firmness between 70 and 75 using a Shore Instrument durometer was considered optimum. Minimum soluble solids concentration (SSC) for sweet cherries was between 17% and 19% and optimum pH of the juice was 3.8. The optimum sweet–sour balance was between 1.5 and 2 (SSC/ml NaOH).

A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LITTLE CHERRY DISEASE OF PRUNUS AVIUM IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. LEE ◽  
N. E. LOONEY
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Large Crop

Lambert sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) afflicted with little cherry disease (LCD) showed reduced dry matter accumulation long before visible fruit symptoms appeared. Seed weight and mesocarp soluble solids content were strongly correlated with fruit fresh weight at maturity. Respiration and ethylene production rates on a fresh weight basis were not different between fruits from diseased and LCD-free trees during most of the developmental period. Severe symptom development in Lambert appears to be associated with the lack of a distinct ’June drop’ in this cultivar coupled with a tendency for diseased trees to set a large crop.

scholarly journals Impact of boron foliar fertilization on annual fluctuation of B in sweet cherry leaves and fruit quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
T. Thurzó ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

The goal of the study was to examine response of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) to boron (B) fertilization. The experiment was conducted during 2005-2007 in West Hungary on mature cv. `Germersdorfi 3' grafted on Prunus mahaleb rootstock. Sweet cherry trees planted on a calcareous chernozem soil. Trees were foliar-fertilized with B. Foliar B sprays were performed: (1) in the spring, at the stage of white bud, beginning of flowering (B1), and (2) repeated 5 weeks after full bloom (B2). In each of spring spray treatments, B was applied at a rate of 0.15 kg ha-I. Trees untreated with B served as a control. The results showed that B fertilization had effect on B concentration in leaf tissues, mostly after ripening. B was present significantly higher amount in leaf in treated samples after ripening. Mean fruit weight was slightly increased by B fertilization. Fruit sensitivity to cracking was not influenced by B fertilization. Nevertheless, from our data it can be conclude that the sensitivity of fruit to cracking is improved when the fruit is riper, the fruit density and fruit weight are higher. The soluble solids varied between 15.0 and 15.9% according to the treatments. Our results for the monosaccharides investigated varied between 5.1 and 7.2 as glucose and fructose as well. Galactose and sucrose was detected very small amount in the unprocessed cherries. Applied B treatments increased sugar contents but decreased organic acid contents in sweet cherry fruits. It is concluded that under conditions of this experiment, B fertilization can be recommended in sweet cherry culture to improve fruit quality and their appearance.

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