scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF ROOTSTOCK SEEDLING CHARACTERISTICS TO FIELD VIGOR OF `REDGLOBE' PEACH

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152f-1152
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Reighard
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Flux System ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Relationship Of

Eight rootstock cultivars of peach (Prunus persica) were grown for 3 months in a greenhouse and evaluated for vigor by measuring root hydraulic conductivity and recording stem caliper, shoot and root dry weights, and root lengths. These data were compared with tree diameter data from 3rd leaf `Redglobe' orchard trees budded on the same rootstock cultivars. The objective was to determine if rootstock seedling growth could be used as a predictor of scion vigor in the field. Correlations between orchard tree diameters and the stem calipers (r = 0.87), whole plant dry weights (r = 0.91), and root dry weights (r = 0.89) of greenhouse rootstock were statistically significant (P < 0.05), but not significant was the correlation between root length (r = 0.76) and tree diameter. Root hydraulic conductivity as measured with a pressure-induced water flux system at 0.4 MPa of pressure and calculated on both a root length and a root dry weight basis was inversely correlated with both the greenhouse and field data. This suggested that root hydraulic conductivity was a function of a pressure-mediated mechanism that was independent of root membrane permeability and xylem conductance.

scholarly journals WHOLE PLANT MECHANISMS OF AMMONIUM INDUCED INCREASES IN WATER STRESS AND SENSITIVITY OF MUSKMELON TO NaCl

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088G-1088
Author(s):  
Paul R. Adler ◽  
Gerald E. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Na Efflux ◽  
K Depletion

Two mechanisms that reduce water and salt stress, respectively, are an increase in root hydraulic conductivity (LP) and reduction in Na and Cl absorption and transport to the leaf. NH4+-N decreased muskmelon LP 55-70% while under 100 mM NaCl stress and 40-50% in the absence of NaCl stress. A decrease in LP increases the rate of water stress development as the transpiration rate increases. Although dry weight decreased about 70%, with NO-3-N, muskmelon remained healthy green, while with NH+4-N they became chlorotic and necrotic with a 100% and 25% increase in leaf blade Na and Cl compared to NO-3-N, respectively. Further investigation indicated that NH+4-N increased muskmelon sensitivity to NaCl through both an increased rate of net Na influx and transport of Na to the leaf. Since Na influx partitioning is controlled by mechanisms K/Na selectivity and exchange across membranes, the NH+4-N inhibition of K absorption may impair K/Na exchange mechanisms. Reduced K/Na selectivity or Na efflux are implicated as the source of the increased net Na influx with NH+4-N. The importance of K in preventing Na partitioning to the leaf was confined through removal of K from the nutrient solution thereby simulating the NH+4-N-induced gradual K depletion in muskmelon. Our work indicates that at a given level of water or NaCl stress, NO-3-N reduces the level of stress experienced by muskmelon through increasing LP and reducing the net rate of Na influx and transport to the sensitive leaf blade. This avoidance mechanism should enable muskmelon plants fertilized with NO-3-N to tolerate greater levels of stress.

scholarly journals WHOLE PLANT MECHANISMS OF AMMONIUM INDUCED INCREASES IN WATER STRESS AND SENSITIVITY OF MUSKMELON TO NaCl

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088g-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Adler ◽  
Gerald E. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Na Efflux ◽  
K Depletion

Two mechanisms that reduce water and salt stress, respectively, are an increase in root hydraulic conductivity (LP) and reduction in Na and Cl absorption and transport to the leaf. NH4+-N decreased muskmelon LP 55-70% while under 100 mM NaCl stress and 40-50% in the absence of NaCl stress. A decrease in LP increases the rate of water stress development as the transpiration rate increases. Although dry weight decreased about 70%, with NO-3-N, muskmelon remained healthy green, while with NH+4-N they became chlorotic and necrotic with a 100% and 25% increase in leaf blade Na and Cl compared to NO-3-N, respectively. Further investigation indicated that NH+4-N increased muskmelon sensitivity to NaCl through both an increased rate of net Na influx and transport of Na to the leaf. Since Na influx partitioning is controlled by mechanisms K/Na selectivity and exchange across membranes, the NH+4-N inhibition of K absorption may impair K/Na exchange mechanisms. Reduced K/Na selectivity or Na efflux are implicated as the source of the increased net Na influx with NH+4-N. The importance of K in preventing Na partitioning to the leaf was confined through removal of K from the nutrient solution thereby simulating the NH+4-N-induced gradual K depletion in muskmelon. Our work indicates that at a given level of water or NaCl stress, NO-3-N reduces the level of stress experienced by muskmelon through increasing LP and reducing the net rate of Na influx and transport to the sensitive leaf blade. This avoidance mechanism should enable muskmelon plants fertilized with NO-3-N to tolerate greater levels of stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Transplanting on Shoot Water Potential of Bareroot Washington Hawthorn and Norway Maple Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rick M. Bates ◽  
Alexander X. Niemiera
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Wax Coating

Abstract Two-year-old Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum Med.) trees were cold-stored for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks and stem water potentials were measured prior to and five days after transplanting. In a second experiment, a wax coating was applied to hawthorn trees at transplanting and shoot water potential was measured at two-day intervals for twelve days after transplanting; percent bud break was measured eight weeks after transplanting. In a third experiment, maple and hawthorn trees were stored for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks with the following tree covering treatments: whole plant covered, shoots exposed, roots exposed, and whole plant exposed, and root hydraulic conductivity was measured for each storage duration. For each storage duration, maple stem water potentials after transplanting were the same as or higher than the pre-transplant potential value; hawthorn water potentials after transplanting were generally lower than pre-transplant values. Six to eight days after transplanting, hawthorn water potentials of wax covered stems were higher than unwaxed stems. Bud break percentages were higher for trees with waxed stems than for trees without wax. Root hydraulic conductivity was the same for both species and decreased with increased storage duration and for treatments exposing roots.

scholarly journals 082 OFFSETTING EFFECTS OF REDUCED ROOT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENTIN DROUGHT-STRESSED PEACH, OLIVE, CITRUS, AND PISTACHIO

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 439g-440
Author(s):  
M. Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Turgor Maintenance

Root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) and osmotic potential (π) were measured in young, drought-stressed and non-stressed peach (Prunus persica), Olive (Olea europea), Citrumelo (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) and Pistachio (Pistachia integerrima) plants. Drought stress reduced Lp 2.5 to 4.2-fold, depending on species, but π was reduced only in expanded citrumelo leaves and unexpanded olive leaves by 0.34 and 1.4 MPa, respectively. A simulation model of plant water uptake and leaf water relations was constructed to quantify the offsetting effects of reduced Lp and osmotic adjustment (OA) on turgor maintenance. For olive data, a 2.5-fold reduction of Lp caused a linear decrease in turgor pressure difference between stressed and non-stressed plants, such that the effect of OA was totally offset at a leaf water potential (stressed) of ≈ -3.0 MPa. For citrumelo, because the degree of OA was lower, the water potential at which the effects of OA and reduced Lp were offsetting with respect to turgor maintenance was ≈ -0.6 MPa. The analysis suggests that some level of stomatal closure would be necessary to extend the water potential range over which stressed plants maintain higher turgor than non-stressed plants for citrumelo. Conversely, no degree of stomatal closure would be required of stressed olive plants to maintain higher turgor than non-stressed counterparts over a physiologically meaningful range of leaf water potential.

scholarly journals Correlation between selected parameters of planting material and strawberry yield

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Bartczak ◽  
Jolanta Lisiecka ◽  
Mikołaj Knaflewski
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fresh and dry weight, as well as the number and length of roots and number of crowns of different types of plants, on the yield of strawberry grown for the spring and autumn harvests. Three different types of frigo strawberry plants (waiting bed plants, plug plants, A+ plants) and two strawberry cultivars (‘Honeoye’ and ‘Elsanta’) were compared in the experiment. The plants were grown in polypropylene bags in an unheated glasshouse in the years 2002-2005. The correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate the relationship of the strawberry plants’ parameters to the yield quantity. An analysis of regression for the plant parameters that most significantly correlated to the strawberry yield was carried out, which determined that the fresh and dry weight of the strawberry plants, crown number, as well as length of roots were positively correlated to the quantity of the strawberry yield. The highest positive correlation coefficient was found for the fresh weight of a whole plant and the lowest one for the number of roots.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought and Phenological Stage at Transplanting on Root Hydraulic Conductivity, Growth Indices, and Photosynthesis of Turkish Hazelnut

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract A single drought episode was applied to two groups of container-grown Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut) seedlings which had concomitantly reached distinct phenological stages; 1) buds opening and no new root growth visible and 2) shoot extension well underway and new root growth just beginning. Two days after rewetting, root hydraulic conductivity was lower for plants exposed to drought, but there was no phenological stage effect. No differences in root hydraulic conductivity were apparent among well-watered plants of stage 1, 2 and a third stage, 3) shoot extension complete (buds set) and root growth well underway. Twenty five days after return to daily irrigation, those plants subjected to the drying treatment had smaller diameter trunks, but total plant height and dry weight of root-balls were similar. No differences in photosynthetic rate or stomatal conductance were evident 25 days after transplanting.

scholarly journals Root hydraulic conductivity in three self-rooted and grafted table grape cultivars

OENO One ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Celestino Ruggiero ◽  
Rosario Di Lorenzo ◽  
Giovanna Angelino ◽  
Giampiero Scaglione ◽  
Carlo Gambino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
High Water ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Grape Cultivars

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: Root hydraulic conductivity is one of the main factors that control water flow in the soil-plant system and ultimately affect crop irrigation requirements. This work sets out to estimate root water conductivity for three self-rooted or grafted table grape cultivars.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: We evaluated root water conductivity of the cultivars ‘Black Magic’, ‘Matilde’ and ‘Victoria’ grafted onto 1103 Paulsen rootstock or self-rooted. Measurements were performed on two-year-old table grapes grown in pots filled with pumice. Root water conductivity was determined by placing the pots in a pressure chamber and increasing pressures from 0.05 to 0.30 MPa, at intervals of 0.05 MPa. Plant growth in terms of shoot and root dry matter was also evaluated, as well as leaf and root area.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Root water conductivity differed according to cultivar and grafting. The ‘Victoria’ cultivar had higher root water conductivity than the other two, which differed little between them. The grafted plants showed higher root water conductivity than the self-rooted plants, except the plants of the cultivar ‘Matilde’, whose root water conductivity for the grafted and self-rooted plants was almost the same. It was also observed that the higher root water conductivity in relation to cultivar and grafting changed with increasing water flux and was constant for high water flux.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: Estimation of root hydraulic conductivity helps to determine the water consumption of the cultivars investigated, whether self-rooted or grafted, as well as the amount of irrigation water to apply to vineyards.</p>

scholarly journals Growth, Gas Exchange, Water Uptake, and Drought Response of Seedling- and Cutting-propagated Peach and Citrus Rootstocks

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 834-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Growth, gas exchange, root hydraulic conductivity, and drought response of seedling and rooted cuttings of Lovell and Nemaguard peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], and Carrizo (Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus sinensis) and sour orange (C. aurantium L.) citrus rootstocks were compared to determine the influence of propagation method on these characteristics. Rooted peach cuttings had a higher proportion of root biomass in fibrous roots (≤ mm in diameter) and lower root: shoot ratios than seedlings, although this did not occur in citrus. Net CO2 assimilation (A) was higher for peach seedlings than for cuttings, but similar for `Redhaven' (RH) scions on either seedling- or cutting-propagated rootstocks, suggesting that leaf-associated factors were responsible for differences. As in peach, A was higher for Carrizo seedlings than for cuttings, but A was not affected by propagation method in sour orange. Peach seedlings maintained higher A than cuttings as water potentials declined during short-term soil drying, although in citrus this occurred only for Carrizo. RH scions on either root type exhibited similar declines in A as soil dried, indicating the lack of a rootstock effect. Root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) was similar between seedlings and cuttings of all cultivars when expressed on a length basis. Leaf conductance and osmotic adjustment were similar for RH scions on seedling- or cutting-propogated rootstocks during 45 days of drought stress, indicating the lack of a rootstock effect on long-term stress response.

scholarly journals In vitro screening for salt stress tolerance of native and exotic potato genotypes by morphological and physiological parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Harun Or Rashid ◽  
SMS Islam ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Whole Plant

This study was performed on in vitro bioassay screening for salt tolerance of ten native and six exotic potato genotypes in Bangladesh. Single node was used to evaluate salinity tolerance especially on biomass production. Five different concentrations of NaCl (0 = control, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM) were used in addition to MS medium and evaluated salt tolerant and sensitive genotype by various morphological and physiological parameters e.g. shoot and root length and its thickness, number of leaves and roots, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and water contents. The ANOVA, DMRT and correlation coefficient were found highly significant at p<0.01 among the genotypes. With salt stress condition highly positive correlation, co-efficient were found between stem length and internodal distance, leaves number, roots number, root length, dry weight of whole plant and fresh weight of whole plant. A dendrogram based on relative values of 10 morphological and physiological parameters of growth under salt conditions were led to clustering into four distinct group’s i.e. tolerant, moderately tolerant, sensitive and very sensitive. On the basis of stress tolerance trait indices (STTIs), Arun (92.78) and Ausha (80.27) showed as a highest salt tolerant, Jamalu (56.33) and Chollisha (57.03) showed the most salt sensitive potato cultivars. From this finding it may be concluded that in vitro screening with bioassay are relatively simple, rapid and convenient and these methods can be used for further advance biotechnological research on potato improvement. J. bio-sci. 28: 21-32, 2020

scholarly journals Estimation of Root Hydraulic Conductivity on Intact Peach and Citrus Rootstock

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1631-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rieger ◽  
Antonio Motisi
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Lp Estimates ◽  
Ohm’S Law ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Ohm's Law ◽  
Approach Zero

Estimates of root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) were obtained on intact peach (Prunus persica × P. davidiana `Nemaguard') and sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstock over a broad range of transpiration rates. Within a species, Lp was lower when estimated using the Ohm's law analog than the reciprocal of the slope of the linear regression between transpiration (E) and stem xylem water potential (Ψ). Nonzero y-intercepts in linear regressions of Ψ vs. E resulted in the lack of agreement between Lp estimates. Removal of the root system caused xylem Ψ to rapidly approach zero in both species when E ≈ 0, suggesting that factors responsible for nonzero y intercepts resided within roots. Lp was 2.2 and 3.5 times lower for sour orange than peach when calculated by the Ohm's law and regression methods, respectively.

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