scholarly journals Emergence of Spring- and Summer-planted Onions following Osmotic Priming

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen A. Murray ◽  
Jerry B. Swensen ◽  
Gary Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Laboratory Emergence

The effect of osmotic priming on onion (Allium cepa L.) seedling emergence was evaluated in the field and in a controlled environment at 15C. Seeds of onion cultivars Bronze Wonder, Challenger, Big Mac, and White Keeper were primed in a solution of 300 g polyethylene glycol 8000/liter for 7 days at 10C 1 to 2 weeks before being planted in Spring 1986 and Summer 1987. Time to 50% of maximum emergence (T) for seedlings from primed seeds averaged 10% to 12% less than for unprimed seeds in both seasons and in laboratory experiments. Maximum emergence was improved 7% by priming in one spring field experiment but not in the summer field experiments or in the laboratory. Differences in T among cultivars in the 1986 experiments were small and significant only in one laboratory experiment. In 1987, cultivar differences in T were significant but not consistent in all experiments. Cultivar T means from laboratory experiments were significantly (P = 0.05) correlated with those for field emergence in three of four experiments, but coefficients were low (r = 0.37 to r = 0.45). Values for maximum emergence in the laboratory were not correlated with maximum emergence in the field. Laboratory emergence tests at 15C were a poor predictor of field emergence. Seed priming may benefit establishment of spring-seeded onions emerging at soil temperatures ≤ 15C more than summer-seeded onions emerging in soils >24C.

scholarly journals Influence of seed priming and water stress on selected physiological traits of borage

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Dastborhan ◽  
Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Area Index

Abstract Borage is a valuable medicinal plant with various constituents in leaves, flowers and seeds. Hence, it is important to improve the performance of this medicinal plant under different environmental conditions. Thus, two field experiments were arranged as split-plots based on a RCB design with three replications in 2012 and 2013, to evaluate the effects of seed priming and different irrigation intervals on selected physiological properties of borage leaves. Irrigation intervals (irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 mm evaporation from Class A pans, respectively) and priming treatments (control, water, KNO3 and KH2PO4) were allocated to the main and sub plots, respectively. The chlorophyll content index was enhanced under limited irrigation treatments, mainly due to a decrease in leaf area index and intercepting more radiation. However, the membrane stability index was stable under different irrigation intervals. Decreased relative water content and leaf area index and increased leaf temperature under lower water availability led to some reductions in the grain yield of borage. All of the priming techniques, particularly hydro-priming, enhanced the seedling emergence rate, leaf area index and consequently grain yield per unit area. Therefore, seed hydro-priming can be used to improve the field performance of borage, particularly when sufficient water is available.

Understanding mechanisms of reduced annual weed emergence in alfalfa

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Huarte ◽  
R. L Benech Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Bull Thistle ◽  
Weed Emergence ◽  
Selection Of

Field experiments were carried out at the Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina (34°25′S, 58°25′W), to evaluate the possibility of reducing weed seedling emergence through the use of alfalfa cultivars with low levels of winter dormancy and by increasing plant density from 200 to 400 plants m−2. It was hypothesized that these treatments would alter the temperature regime and the red (R)–far-red (FR) ratio of radiation to which seeds were exposed. Responses to management treatments were recorded for bull thistle, cotton thistle, plumeless thistle, tall rocket, mustard, curly dock, and pigweed. During the alfalfa establishment year, pigweed and curly dock emergence was reduced by the nondormant cultivar established at high density. This reduction disappeared when soil beneath the canopy was fitted with heaters that mimicked bare-soil temperatures. Crop canopy presence during the establishment year was not effective in reducing mustard, cotton thistle, bull thistle, plumeless thistle, and tall rocket emergence. During the second and third years after crop establishment, the canopy of the nondormant alfalfa cultivar was effective in reducing germination of weed seeds placed on the soil surface during fall and winter. In contrast, the winter-dormant cultivar allowed the establishment of weeds during the winter period. These reductions in weed emergence were associated with a modification in the R–FR ratio perceived by the seeds located at the soil surface and could largely be removed by using FR filters to increase the R–FR ratio. These results suggest that the selection of a nondormant cultivar combined with an increase in plant density could effectively reduce weed populations in alfalfa.

scholarly journals Studies on solid matrix priming of seeds in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kanwar ◽  
D. K. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Field Emergence

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of solid matrix priming of seeds on emergence (%), growth and fruit yield characters of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cultivar ‘Solan Hara’. The Experiment comprised of two vigour groups of seeds viz., ‘V1’ (High vigour seeds) and ‘V2’ (72 hours accelerated aged seeds/low vigour seeds) and five seed priming treatments viz., ‘P1’ (Solid matrix priming with Cocopeat), ‘P2’ (Solid matrix priming with Perlite), ‘P3’ (Solid matrix priming with Vermiculite), ‘P4’ (Seed soaking in water), ‘P5’ (Control -Without treatment).Investigation proved that low vigour seeds were inferior in respect of high vigour seeds in terms of seed physiological quality, emergence, growth and yield characteristics. Seed priming with Perlite for 72 hours proved its potential over other priming treatments, seed soaking and control (non-primed seeds) in both high vigour and low vigour seeds for agronomic attributes under study. High vigour seeds primed with Perlite ‘V1P2’ was found to be the best treatment for most of the traits understudy recording highest total field emergence (76.60%), fruit yield per plot (16.12 Kg) and per hectare (250.35 q). Similarly, Low vigour seeds primed with Perlite also recorded enhanced and improved total field emergence (73.83%) fruit yield per plot (9.28 Kg) and per hectare (143.26 q) compared to other low vigour treated and non treated seeds. From the present investigation it was inferred that that the extent of improvement w.r.t. attributes studied was more in low vigour seeds (V2) and seed priming with solid matrix carrier ‘Perlite’ can be used as a beneficial pre-sowing treatment to enhance the seedling emergence, growth and yield characteristics in bitter gourd.

scholarly journals Emergence of Sugar Beet Seedlings at Low Soil Temperature following Seed Soaking and Priming

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Murray ◽  
Jerry B. Swensen ◽  
John J. Gallian
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Seedling emergence from primed and nonprimed sugar beet seed (Beta vulgaris L.) was studied for 3 years under field conditions near Kimberly, Idaho, and compared with germination or emergence under controlled laboratory conditions. Maximum seedling emergence did not vary with seed treatment in spite of low field soil temperatures. Time to 50% of maximum emergence was significantly less for seed primed with polyethylene glycol 8000 than for nonprimed seed in only 1 of 3 years. Seed soaked in 30C water for 24 h performed similarly to nontreated seed in the field, but their maximum emergence was significantly improved compared with primed seed in one of two laboratory experiments. Time to 50% of maximum germination was improved by priming with or without a warm water soak in one of the two laboratory experiments.

Emergence of wheat may be reduced by seed weather damage and azole fungicides and is related to coleoptile length

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Murray ◽  
J Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Weather Damage ◽  
Azole Fungicides

Seed germination, seedling emergence and coleoptile length of sound and weather-damaged seed of 8 wheat cultivars, which had been treated with twice the recommended rates of the seed dressings Le-san E11, Pano-ram 25, Vitavax 750L, Baytan and Erex, were studied in a sand-perlite substrate at 13�C and in 2 field experiments. Germination was not affected by the dressings. Baytan and Erex delayed and reduced the emergence of all cultivars at 13�C, but in the field only some cultivars had emergence reduced by seed dressings. Weather damage reduced the germination of some cultivars but the results were not consistent. The emergence of damaged seed of some cultivars was further reduced by Baytan and Erex when sown deeply in dry soil. In the cvv. Banks and Osprey, weather damage and Erex shortened coleoptiles of seed that was germinated on moist soil in darkness at 13�C. Emergence was positively related with coleoptile length, and, in the controlled environment test, it declined markedly when coleoptiles were less than 5 cm.

Effect of solarization on the control of Phytophthora cambivora in almond and cherry

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Solarisation, the technique of heating soil to 8- 10�C above ambient temperatures by covering the soil with transparent plastic sheeting, was evaluated as a means of controlling Phytophthora cambivora in naturally infested almond and cherry orchards. Laboratory experiments showed that a 6-h exposure to 45�C was lethal to mycelial growth and inhibitory to the production of sporangia of P. cambivora, whereas several periods of exposure at 35 and 40�C were necessary to inhibit the fungus to the same degree. In field experiments, soil temperatures greater than 40�C were rarely recorded at a depth of 10 cm in solarised soil, yet the treatment controlled P. cambivora infection in an irrigated cherry (cv. Mahaleb) orchard for more than 12 months. However, solarisation was not effective in non-irrigated almond (cv. Mission) orchards, and the possible reasons for this are discussed.Solarisation had no effect on established infections of P. cambivora but growth of plants in solarised areas was significantly greater than that of plants in untreated or metalaxyl treated areas.

Enhancing the germination of three fodder shrubs (Atriplex amnicola, A. nummularia, A. undulata; Chenopodiaceae): implications for the optimisation of field establishment

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Stevens ◽  
E. G. Barrett-Lennard ◽  
K. W. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Signalling Compounds ◽  
Germination Requirements

Saltbush (Atriplex) species are widely grown in Australia as saltland pastures. Direct seeding practices for saltbush currently result in asynchronous and unreliable seedling establishment (5% successful establishment is not uncommon from field-sown seed). In part this may stem from a limited understanding of Atriplex seed germination requirements. This paper presents findings with 3 Atriplex species, A. amnicola (Paul G. Wilson.), A. nummularia (Lindl.), and A. undulata (D. Dietr), each of which differs in germination characteristics. For A. amnicola, the presence of light (and artificial substitution of light by 1000 ppm gibberellic acid) improved germination under controlled conditions and resulted in a 4-fold increase (70% total emergence) in field emergence of seedlings. For A. undulata, removing bracteoles increased germination under controlled conditions (~15%), with a 1.5-fold improvement in field seedling emergence (55% final emergence); however, seed priming or gibberellic acid application had no significant effect. In contrast, for A. nummularia, bracteole removal and light had minor positive effects on germination under controlled conditions, but this did not translate into improved emergence in soil or in the field. Under –0.5 MPa NaCl stress, application of gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, or kinetin to the germination medium significantly increased the final germination percentage of A. amnicola seeds (58, 16, and 14%, respectively) and improved the rate at which seeds germinated. All plant signalling compounds significantly increased final germination percentage and germination rate of A. undulata, albeit with a <10% increase at –0.5 MPa NaCl. Priming seeds with plant signalling compounds had similar effects on seed germination under low water potentials compared to direct treatment of the germination media. The effects of seed priming on Atriplex seedling emergence from saline soils varied among species. Priming with water significantly increased emergence percentage of A. amnicola but had no effect on A. nummularia and A. undulata. Gibberellic acid improved A. amnicola germination parameters only, whereas salicylic acid and kinetin improved the rate of emergence in all 3 species at various levels of salinity. This study suggests that a basic understanding of seed dormancy and germination requirements has the potential to substantially improve field emergence of saltbush species.

Drought stress and osmo-priming effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Ocimum basilicum

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 905-913
Author(s):  
Bahram Majd Nassiry ◽  
Neda Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
And Control

    One of the effects of reducing water content on soil is reduction of growth and development of seedlings and variation of field development. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stresses. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of osmo-priming on germination characteristics and changes of proline, protein and catalase activity of Ocimum basilicum seeds. Results showed that drought stress reduced the germination characteristics and drought stress in -8 bar was the critical stress.  Priming treatments were include KNO3, PEG and NaCl by 0, -4 and -8 bar concentrations. The seeds were primed with those materials for 8 and 16 hours. The highest germination characteristics were obtained from nitrate potassium in -8 bar for 16 hours priming. Therefore the best seed treatment under drought stress during germination was obtained from the osmo-primed with -8 bar nitrate potassium for 16 hours. The drought stress increased proline and catalase activity but reduced total protein. Priming treatment increases proline, total protein and catalase activity under drought and control conditions. It is concluded that priming results in improvement in germination components of Ocimum basilicum in drought stress conditions and increases the resistance to drought stress with improvement of proline, protein and catalase activity in germination phase.

Concentration of Impurities during Melting of Snow Made from Secondary Sewage Effluent

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zapf-Gilje ◽  
S. O. Russell ◽  
D. S. Mavinic
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Potassium Chloride Solution ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Solution Field ◽  
Concentration Of Impurities

When snow is made from sewage effluent, the impurities become concentrated in the early melt leaving the later runoff relatively pure. This could provide a low cost method of separating nutrients from secondary sewage effluent. Laboratory experiments showed that the degree of concentration was largely independent of the number of melt freeze cycles or initial concentration of impurity in the snow. The first 20% of melt removed with it 65% of the phosphorus and 90% of the nitrogen from snow made from sewage effluent; and over 90% of potassium chloride from snow made from potassium chloride solution. Field experiments with a salt solution confirmed the laboratory results.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. BULLEN ◽  
R. J. SOPER ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

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