scholarly journals GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SUCROSE ACCUMULATION IN TOMATO FRUIT

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 584b-584
Author(s):  
John R. Stommnel
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Level

Fruit of the cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, accumulate the reducing sugars glucose and fructose as the primary storage carbohydrates. In contrast, fruit of several wild green-fruited species store high concentrations of sucrose. Analysis of invertase, sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) enzyme activity throughout fruit development in the sucrose accumulating species L. peruvianum, indicated low levels of invertase and SS during the period of significant sucrose accumulation. Increased SPS activity was noted during the sucrose accumulation phase but was not coincident with maximum rates of sucrose accumulation. The percent soluble solids in ripe L. peruvianum fruit was more than twice that present in L. esculentum and attributed primarily to the high level of sucrose accumulated in L. peruvianum. Analysis of fruit sugar content in F1, F2 and backcross populations derived from an initial cross between plants of sucrose and hexose accumulators suggests that recessive gene(s) are responsible for sucrose accumulation.

Potential for utilization of pepper germplasm with a variable reaction to Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. to develop southern blight-resistant pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
Philip D. Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effective Use

The bell-type pepper cultivar Golden California Wonder, a source of resistance to southern blight, was crossed with the susceptible cultivar Sweet Banana. The F1, F2 and backcross progenies of this cross and the parental lines were evaluated in an inoculated field study for their reactions to Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. A categorical rating system was used to rate plants for severity of wilting and severity of stem-lesion development. The plants within all three non-segregating populations (the resistant parent, the susceptible parent and the F1) displayed a range of reactions to S. rolfsii. Variable reactions to S. rolfsii among homogeneous pepper populations were expected because this phenomenon is well documented in the literature and we had observed similar responses in field trials conducted over multiple years. The high level of variation for reactions to S. rolfsii exhibited by the parental and F1 hybrid populations and the categorical system of rating individual plants placed severe limitations on the effective use of any quantitative type of analysis. Accordingly, a weighting procedure was used to correct the F2 and backcross populations based on frequencies of apparent mis-classifications in the parental and F1 populations. Examination of the comparative frequency distributions of the parental and progeny populations and examination of the weighted segregation data suggest that the southern blight resistance in ‘Golden California Wonder’ is conditioned by a single recessive gene. The level of resistance conditioned by this reputed recessive gene appears high enough to recommend it for use in pepper breeding programmes.

scholarly journals A Single Recessive Gene for Sucrose Accumulation in Cucumis melo Fruit

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Burger ◽  
Uzi Saar ◽  
Nurit Katzir ◽  
Harry S. Paris ◽  
Yelena Yeselson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
High Sucrose

Fruit sweetness is the major determinant of fruit quality in melons (Cucumis melo L.) and reflects the concentration of the three major soluble sugars, sucrose, glucose, and fructose, present in the fruit flesh. Of these three sugars, sucrose is the prime factor accounting for both the genetic and the environmental variability observed in sugar content of C. melo fruit. Faqqous (subsp. melo var. flexuosus), a cultivar having a low sucrose and total sugar content, was crossed with Noy Yizre'el (subsp. melo var. reticulatus), a cultivar having a high sucrose and total sugar content. F1 plants had a sucrose content averaging slightly higher than that of the low-sucrose parent, indicating that low sucrose content is nearly completely dominant. Segregation in the F2 and backcross progenies indicated that high sucrose accumulation in melon fruit flesh is conferred by a single recessive gene herein designated suc. When the high-sucrose parent was crossed with the moderate-sucrose landrace known as Persia 202 (subsp. melo var. reticulatus), the segregation in the filial and backcross progenies suggested that additional genetic factors affect the amount of sucrose accumulation.

Nutrient effects on growth and the production of 5-hydroxy-4-oxonorvaline by Streptomyces akiyoshiensis

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Glazebrook ◽  
L. C. Vining ◽  
R. L. White ◽  
K. C. Smith ◽  
E. G. Chedrawy
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Effects ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Inorganic Constituents

5-Hydroxy-4-oxonorvaline (HON) was produced optimally by Streptomyces akiyoshiensis in media containing starch and casein supplemented with high concentrations of phosphate and magnesium sulfate; cultures grown at initial pH values between 6.3 and 6.6 yielded HON titres of 13–14 mM. Physiological analysis of HON production provided evidence that the excess inorganic constituents in this medium played an important role in optimizing production. In simple defined media buffered at pH 5.5–6.0 and inoculated with either a spore suspension or washed vegetative mycelium, formation of HON was less than one-third the amount produced in the starch–casein–salts medium. Production was markedly affected by the carbon and nitrogen sources used; media containing starch and potassium nitrate or aspartate supported the highest yields of HON. In starch–nitrate media, production was suppressed by excess nitrogen source, and the HON titre decreased 3-fold as the phosphate content was increased from 0.5 to 5 mM; growth was not appreciably altered. The results suggest that the high level of HON production in the complex starch–casein–salts medium is associated with sequestration of metabolic ammonium and reduced availability of phosphate through formation of the poorly soluble magnesium ammonium phosphate.Key words: Streptomyces akiyoshiensis, 5-hydroxy-4-oxonorvaline, nitrogen catabolite regulation, phosphate suppression.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Zucchini Yellow Fleck Virus in Cucumis sativus L.

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gilbert-Albertini ◽  
M. Pitrat ◽  
H. Lecoq
Keyword(s):  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Single Plant Selection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Zucchini yellow fleck virus (ZYFV) is a potyvirus that occurs in cucurbits grown in some Mediterranean countries. `Marketer' cucumber responded to ZYFV infection with a severe mosaic, stunting, and leaf and fruit deformation. A high level of resistance to this virus was found in a single plant selection of `Taichung Mou Gua' (TMG) cucumber from Taiwan. In F2 and backcross populations involving TMG × `Marketer', the resistance to ZYFV was determined to be conferred by a single recessive gene, to which the symbol zyf is assigned.

scholarly journals CPPU and BA, with and without Pollination, Affect Set, Growth, and Quality of Muskmelon Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hayata ◽  
Y. Niimi ◽  
K. Inoue ◽  
S. Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Solutions of CPPU and BA were applied to ovaries of melon (Cucumis melo) flowers with or without pollination, and the effects on fruit set, growth, and sugar content were investigated. Treatment with CPPU increased fruit set in both seeded and seedless melons. Even at low concentrations, CPPU had a strong effect on fruit set in the seeded melons. In seedless melons, CPPU induced 100% parthenocarpic fruit set when applied with 10 mg·L–1; lower concentrations were much less effective. Treatment with BA increased fruit set in seeded melons, but was not particularly effective in the absence of pollination. During the first 10 days after anthesis, CPPU promoted fruit growth, but between 8 and 13 days after anthesis, the growth rate was lower than in the controls. Treatment with CPPU had little effect upon soluble solids (SS) levels in seeded fruit. SS content was significantly lower in seedless than in seeded fruit; this difference was larger in the placenta than in the mesocarp. Sucrose levels of both seeded and seedless fruits were consistently higher than glucose and fructose levels. High concentrations of CPPU reduced sucrose levels in the placenta of seedless fruit. These results indicate that seeds play an important role in sugar accumulation and melon fruit growth during later stages of development. Chemical names used: [1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea] (CPPU); 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to the Florida Strain of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus in Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Provvidenti
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Single Plant Selection ◽  
High Level

A high level of resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was found in four landraces of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) MatSum. & Nakai (PI 482322, PI 482299, PI 482261, and PI 482308) originally collected in Zimbabwe. This resistance is specific to the Florida strain of the virus (ZYMV-FL), which prevails in the United States. Inheritance studies were conducted by using a single-plant selection (PP261-I) of PI 48226I and the ZYMV-susceptible watermelon cultivar New Hampshire Midget. In F1, F2, and reciprocal backcross populations, resistance was conferred by a single recessive gene to which the symbol zym is assigned. There was no linkage between zym and one of the three homodimer bands of the isozyme phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi-2b), which was found in PP261-1, and in other ZYMV-FL resistant plants.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to a Strain of Passionfruit Woodiness Virus in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Provvidenti ◽  
C.L. Niblett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Pea Resistance ◽  
High Level

An Australian strain of passionfruit woodiness potyvirus (PWV-K) infected peas and caused a light to moderate mosaic consisting of chlorotic spots, veinal chlorosis, and some plant stunting. Resistance to PWV-K was found in pea cultivars and plant introductions (PI) known to be resistant to bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). In cross and backcross populations involving the resistant cultivar Bonneville (United States) and PI 140295 (Iran) with the susceptible cultivar Ranger, a single recessive gene was responsible for the high level of resistance to PWV-K. From crosses involving PI 391630 (China), which is resistant to BYMV but susceptible to PWV-K, and the cultivar Bonneville (resistant to both viruses), it was evident that different genetic factors conferred resistance to these two potyviruses. The symbol pwv is tentatively assigned to this newly recognized pea resistance gene. Three other Australian strains of PWV did not infect peas.

scholarly journals The Influence of 1-Triacontanol on the Growth, Flowering, and Quality of PottedBougainvilleaPlants (Bougainvillea glabravar. “Elizabeth Angus”) under Natural Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker ◽  
Golam Faruq ◽  
M. Motior Rahman ◽  
M. Sofian-Azirun ◽  
Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Bud

Selected physiological and biochemical parameters were monitored at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages in pottedBougainvilleaplants treated with five different concentrations of TRIA. Advanced flowering, flower bud number, and blooming rate increased significantly with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L TRIA treatments. Similarly, photosynthetic rate, pigment content, quantum yield, and stomatal conductance increased significantly with 2.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/L TRIA treatments. Higher levels of N, P, and K, as well as increased total soluble solids (TSS) and higher sugar and protein contents, were recorded in treated plants. Furthermore, 46% more flowers, a 1.5-fold increase in bract weight, increased longevity, and 40% less leaf abscission were recorded following 2.5 mg/L TRIA treatment. Phenol and flavonoid contents, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and antioxidant activities were also markedly increased with 2.5 and 1.0 mg/L TRIA treatments. However, ethylene production was significantly lower in the treated plants. Positive correlations were observed between leaf TSS and flowering time and flower number, between leaf sugar content and bract weight, and between net photosynthesis and bract growth and dry matter production. It can be concluded that the foliar spray of TRIA stimulates growth, enhances flowering, and improves the quality of pottedBougainvilleaplants.

Sucrose Metabolism in Developing Fruit of Wild and Cultivated Lycopersicon Species

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Bennett ◽  
Arthur Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Genetically Engineer ◽  
Invertase Gene

The project focused on a strategy to enhance tomato fruit soluble solids by evaluating components of carbohydrate metabolism in fruit of wild tomato species that accumulate sucrose rather than hexose and have extremely high soluble sugar contents. The overall goal was to determine the extent to which sucrose accumulation contributes to elevated soluble solids levels and to understand the underlying genetic and biochemical basis of the trait. The research objectives were to evaluate near isogenic L. esculentum lines segregating for sucrose- and hexose-accumulation, determine the biochemical basis of sucrose accumulation and develop molecular genetic strategies to enhance sucrose accumulation in fruit. The inheritance of the sucrose accumulation gene (sucr) was evaluated in both L. chmielewskii and L. hirsutum and shown to be conferred by a single recessive gene in each species. Stable L. esculentum lines homozygous for the sucr gene from L. chmieliewskii and L. hirsutum were well characterized on a genetic and physiological basis and have been introduced into breeding programs to modify fruit sugar composition. The metabolic basis of sucrose accumulation was determined to result from the lack of sucrose hydrolytic capacity. The invertase gene was cloned and its analysis indicated that it is transcriptionally silent in sucrose-accumulating fruit. Transgenic plants expressing an antisense invertase gene were produced and shown to accumulate high levels of sucrose, confirming the role of invertase as the primary determinant of sucrose accumulation and demonstrating the feasibility of a general strategy to genetically engineer sugar composition.

Assessment of locally produced waxing materials on the shelf life and fruit quality of two tomato varieties (Solanum lycopersicum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
R. Osae G. Essilfie J. O. Anim
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Colour Development

The study was conducted to assess the effect of different waxing materials on the quality attributes of tomato fruits. A 2 x8 factorial experiment layout in complete randomized design with 16 treatment combinations and 3 replication was adopted.The materials that were used for the experiment are two (2) varieties of tomatoes (Pectomech and Power Rano) and seven(7) waxing material (shea butter, cassava starch, beeswax, and a combination of shea butter + cassava starch, shea butter + beeswax, cassava starch + beeswax, shea butter + cassava starch + beeswax) and a control. Results from the experiment indicated that all waxing treatments delayed the development of weight loss, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, and total titrable acidity. The results also suggested that edible wax coatings delayed the ripening process and colour development of tomato fruits during the storage period and extended the shelf life. However Beewax treatment and its combinations performed better than the other treatments. It was therefore recommended that locally produced wax such as Beewax, Shea butter, Cassava Starch treatments and their combinations could be a good technology for preserving the quality and extending the shelf life of fresh tomato fruit as well as maintaining the physical and chemical properties.

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