scholarly journals CPPU and BA, with and without Pollination, Affect Set, Growth, and Quality of Muskmelon Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hayata ◽  
Y. Niimi ◽  
K. Inoue ◽  
S. Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Solutions of CPPU and BA were applied to ovaries of melon (Cucumis melo) flowers with or without pollination, and the effects on fruit set, growth, and sugar content were investigated. Treatment with CPPU increased fruit set in both seeded and seedless melons. Even at low concentrations, CPPU had a strong effect on fruit set in the seeded melons. In seedless melons, CPPU induced 100% parthenocarpic fruit set when applied with 10 mg·L–1; lower concentrations were much less effective. Treatment with BA increased fruit set in seeded melons, but was not particularly effective in the absence of pollination. During the first 10 days after anthesis, CPPU promoted fruit growth, but between 8 and 13 days after anthesis, the growth rate was lower than in the controls. Treatment with CPPU had little effect upon soluble solids (SS) levels in seeded fruit. SS content was significantly lower in seedless than in seeded fruit; this difference was larger in the placenta than in the mesocarp. Sucrose levels of both seeded and seedless fruits were consistently higher than glucose and fructose levels. High concentrations of CPPU reduced sucrose levels in the placenta of seedless fruit. These results indicate that seeds play an important role in sugar accumulation and melon fruit growth during later stages of development. Chemical names used: [1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea] (CPPU); 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).

scholarly journals Synthetic Cytokinin-1-(2=chloro=4=pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU)-Promotes Fruit Set and Induces Parthenocarpy in Watermelon

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Hayata ◽  
Yoshiyuki Niimi ◽  
Naoto Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Seedless Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Applying a 200 ppm solution of CPPU to pollinated ovaries of watermelon (Citrullus lunatus Matsum) at anthesis increased fruit set from 26.9% (control) to 95%. Applying CPPU solutions to nonpollinated ovaries at anthesis induced parthenocarpy, yielding 65% and 89.5% fruit set, respectively with 20 and 200 ppm applications. However, 64% of the 20 ppm CPPU-treated parthenocarpic fruit stopped growth 10 days after treatment. Growth of CPPU-treated, pollinated, and nonpollinated fruit increased significantly compared with growth of control fruit during the first 10 days after treatment, but, except for the 20 ppm CPPU parthenocarpic fruit, growth subsequently slowed, resulting in fruit equal in size to the control by harvest. CPPU application did not affect soluble solids content of pollinated fruit, but reduced content of parthenocarpic fruit treated with 20 ppm. Fructose content was generally higher than glucose and sucrose at harvest. However, in pollinated fruit treated with 20 ppm CPPU, sucrose levels were higher than glucose and fructose. These results suggest that CPPU is practical for promoting fruit set and seedless fruit without adversely affecting fruit quality and development.

scholarly journals No Effect of Seed Presence or Absence on Sugar Content and Water Status of Seeded and Seedless Watermelon Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Sachiko Kawamura ◽  
Kyoko Ida ◽  
Masako Osawa ◽  
Takashi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Days After Anthesis

We investigated physiological differences in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai] fruits among seeded diploid and seedless triploid fruits, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU)–treated seedless fruits, and soft-X–irradiated pollen-pollinated seedless fruits to investigate the effect of the presence or absence of seeds on water relations and sugar content. We picked fruits at 20 and 40 days after anthesis and sampled flesh at the center, around the seeds, and near the pericarp to measure water status and sugar content. There were no significant differences between seeded and seedless cultivars in sugar contents or in water and osmotic potentials of the flesh, although the latter two were decreased at 40 days. CPPU and soft-X–irradiated pollen eliminated mature seeds, but there were again no significant differences in sugar contents or water status between seeded and seedless fruits. Thus, the presence or absence of seeds did not influence the sugar content or osmotic pressure in watermelon fruit, so sugar accumulation was not related to seeds.

Heat stress affects flowering, berry growth, sugar accumulation and photosynthesis of Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon grapevines grown in a controlled environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Chris Weston
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
The Impact

High temperatures during the growing season characterise many grape growing regions in Australia and elsewhere in the world, and impact on many processes including growth and berry development. To quantify the impact of heat on the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon, potted vines were grown in controlled environments and exposed to a temperature regime of 40/25°C at flowering, fruit set, veraison and mid-ripening stages. Vegetative and reproductive development was measured throughout and leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance tracked during heat exposures. Accumulation of soluble solids was determined during ripening. Leaf growth and stem extension were unaffected by heat whereas flowers completely abscised. Berries treated at fruit set developed normally and those treated at veraison and mid-ripening stopped expanding and sugar content stopped increasing. Photosynthesis was also affected on each occasion, with rates declining by 35% and taking 12 days to recover. Up to 10 mg carbon g (berry dry weight)–1 day–1 was required for ripening after veraison. For vines heat treated at veraison and mid-ripening, net carbon acquisition rates fell to below 4 mg carbon g (leaf dry weight)–1 day–1, which is inadequate to supply berry carbon requirements. This suggests that the impacts of heat on the ripening process can be traced back to the supply of carbon.

scholarly journals GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SUCROSE ACCUMULATION IN TOMATO FRUIT

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 584b-584
Author(s):  
John R. Stommnel
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Level

Fruit of the cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, accumulate the reducing sugars glucose and fructose as the primary storage carbohydrates. In contrast, fruit of several wild green-fruited species store high concentrations of sucrose. Analysis of invertase, sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) enzyme activity throughout fruit development in the sucrose accumulating species L. peruvianum, indicated low levels of invertase and SS during the period of significant sucrose accumulation. Increased SPS activity was noted during the sucrose accumulation phase but was not coincident with maximum rates of sucrose accumulation. The percent soluble solids in ripe L. peruvianum fruit was more than twice that present in L. esculentum and attributed primarily to the high level of sucrose accumulated in L. peruvianum. Analysis of fruit sugar content in F1, F2 and backcross populations derived from an initial cross between plants of sucrose and hexose accumulators suggests that recessive gene(s) are responsible for sucrose accumulation.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INDIGENOUS AND FOREIGN POLLINIZERS ON THE YIELD AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF DATE PALM CULTIVAR KHALAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Palm Trees

This research was carried out at Research and Training Station, Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia during 2017 and 2018 to investigate the effects of indigenous and foreign pollinizers on the yield and physicochemical fruit characteristics of date palm cv. Khalas. Pollen grains of different date palm male pollinizers were collected from different geological locations of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Fifteen twelve-year-old date palm trees were selected for the experiment, for which five spathes for each palm were selected per replication. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates for each treatment. The findings of the present study showed significant differences among pollinizer sources. Female date palms pollinated with indigenous male pollen grains (Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia) exhibited superior results regarding fruit set percentage, parthenocarpic fruit percentage, tamar fruit percentage, fruit drop percentage, total number of fruit nodes per bunch, bunch weight, pulp weight, pulp ratio, seed ratio and pulp:seed ratio, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit volume, seed weight, seed length, seed width, fruit moisture content and total soluble solids. It is can be concluded that although the response to pollination and fertilization of date palm is species dependent, however, the indigenous cultivar Khalas was more responsive to the local male types than the foreign males for better fruit set, higher yield and best fruit quality traits.

Fruit Removal and Continual Defoliation Altered Papaya Fruit Production and Quality

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 497e-497
Author(s):  
Lili Zhou ◽  
David Christopher ◽  
Robert E. Paull
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Mass

The source size and sink strength were modified by continual defoliation and fruit removal in `Sunset' papaya. Flower and fruit set, mature fruit mass, and TSS was recorded weekly. Fruit at four different stages of development were harvested at the end of the experiment. Fruit mass, respiration, sugar content, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), and invertase enzyme activities were compared. Continual defoliation resulted in lower new fruit set (25% of control), smaller fruit size (77% of control), and lower TSS (85% of control) in the 24-week experimental period. In contrast, there were 52% and 100% more new fruit when fruit were removed than in the control within the first 8 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively. Larger fruit size, earlier fruit development, lower respiration, and higher sugar contents were observed when fruit were removed at 140, 154, and 175 days from anthesis. No significant difference was found in TSS level in the mature fruit compared to the control. Fruit removal plus defoliation gave the same number and mass of new fruit as the control and slightly lower TSS in mature fruit than in the control. Fruit sugar was higher with increased fruit invertase activity and fruit age. Data confirmed that source–sink balance was critical for fruit set, development, and sugar accumulation in papaya.

scholarly journals Influence of M9 Rootstock on the Reproductive Behaviour of Apple Cultivars under Dry, Semi-arid Growing Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Hafuz Domi ◽  
Telat Spahiu ◽  
Endrit Kullaj ◽  
Fadil Thomaj
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Growth Dynamic ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
June Drop

In the last decade, apple has been intensively cultivated in the western coast of Albania. The scope of this research was to study the influence of M9 rootstock on the reproductive behaviour of apple cultivars ‘M. Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Starking’, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Pink Lady’. The trial was conducted from 2010 – 2011 in 5-year old orchards with 2,250 trees/ha grown as French axe and in full production located in Lushnja. The following indicators were measured: diameter of two main branches, number of fruits/branch, fruit growth dynamic and sugar content (%). Global radiation, temperature and humidity were recorded. The reproduction behaviour has also been measured by fruiting spurs in the general structure of the canopy as well as the number of fruits formed for each cultivar. The results have shown that in terms of fruit set, cultivars are ranked as follows: ‘M. Gala’ with the highest number of fruits, then ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Starking’, respectively. The dynamic of fruit dropping shows that ‘Starking’, having the lowest fruit set, after the June drop is more stable while ‘M. Gala’, with the highest fruit set, besides an abundant June drop, had another drop in July.  This is due to higher competition among the fruits and failure of the rootstock to supply the adequate quantities of sap. In terms of fruit growth dynamic, it was observed that intensive growth was measured for all the cultivars during the end of July after which fruit growth slowed down. Changes between cultivars were observed in relation to the maturation period of each cultivar, with ‘M. Gala’ maturing in August, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Pink Lady’ in October and November. ‘Starking and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars had a more rapid maturation (20 September), accompanied with a higher sugar content which is far more related to climatic factor rather than M9 rootstock. In conclusion, it was found that the cultivars under study have different reproductive behaviour with M9 rootstock. It can also be stated that ‘Starking’ is not appropriate for this coastal region due to inadequate fruiting behaviour.

scholarly journals (46) Foliar-applied Potassium: Effects on Muskmelon Quality, Sugar, Ascorbic Acid, and Beta-carotene

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030D-1030
Author(s):  
Gene E. Lester ◽  
John L. Jifon ◽  
Gordon Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Phloem Loading ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
K Fertilizer

Muskmelonfruit[Cucumis melo L. (Retiulatus Goup)] sugar content is related to potassium (K)-mediated phloem loading and unloading of sucrose into the fruit. During fruit growth and maturation, soil fertility is often inadequate (due to poor root uptake) to satisfy the demand for K. Potassium uptake also competes with the uptake of Ca and Mg, two essential minerals needed for melon fruit membrane structure, function and postharvest shelf-life. Supplemental foliar-applied K could alleviate this problem especially during the critical fruit growth/maturation period. We conducted experiments to determine the effects of timing of supplemental foliar K applications on fruit quality and health attributes of orange-flesh muskmelon `Cruiser'. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and fertilized with a regular soil-applied N–P–K fertilizer throughout the study. Entire plants, including the fruit were sprayed with a solution of a novel glycine amino acid-complexed potassium (Potassium Metalosate, 24% K), diluted to 4.0 mL·L-1, 3 to 5 d after anthesis (fruit set) and up to 3 to 5 d prior to abscission (full-slip). Three sets of plants were either sprayed weekly, or bi-weekly or not sprayed (control). Fruit from plants receiving supplemental foliar K matured on average 2 days earlier, and had significantly higher fruit K concentrations, soluble solids, total sugars, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), beta-carotene, and were firmer than fruit from control plants. In general, there were few differences in fruit quality aspects between bi-weekly or weekly treatments. The data demonstrate that fruit quality and marketability as well as some of the developmentally induced K deficiency effects can be alleviated through foliar nutrition.

scholarly journals ETHYLENE INDUCED RIPENING OF GREEN MATURE PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA EPULIS, SIMS)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 863a-863
Author(s):  
Harvey E. Arjona ◽  
Frank B. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Fruit Shelf Life ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Passion fruit has become a popular addition to our diet and is currently grown in the United States. Passion fruit shelf life could be extended if green mature fruit can be induced to ripen after exposure to ethylene. Greenhouse grown purple passion fruits were harvested in a green mature stage 55 and 60 days after anthesis (DAA) and stored for 10 days at 10°C. After storage half of the fruits were treated with 10 ppm ethylene for 35 hours and stored at room temperature (21°C) for 48 hours. The juice of treated and non-treated fruit was analyzed for comparison with juice of vine-ripened fruit. Total soluble solids and pH of the juice did not differ in green mature fruits harvested 55 and 60 DAA.. compared to vine-ripened fruits (70-80 DAA). Sucrose content decreased and fructose and glucose increased after storage, regardless of ethylene treatment. Fruits harvested 55 and 60 DAA, with or without ethylene and stored for 10 days, developed the same sugar content, soluble solids and pH as those that ripened on the vine.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical changes during fruit growth and developmental stages in yellow type passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) accessions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2026-2032
Author(s):  
Arkendu Ghosh ◽  
Koyel Dey ◽  
Fatik K. Bauri ◽  
A. N. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Yellow Type ◽  
Sigmoid Growth Curve

Physiological and biochemical changes during fruit growth, development and maturity of six yellow type passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) accessions were studied at weekly interval after fruit set from 21 days to 91 days after fruit set and after dropping from vine also. Fruit growth of passion fruit followed a single sigmoid growth curve. Fruit length (cm), diameter (cm) and weight (g) increased continuously (25.24%, 33.13% and 75.08% respectively) (from the initial stage till maturity up to 84 days), which slightly declined at ripening stage. Fruits developed acceptable physico-chemical qualities with good colour, when harvested at 84 to 91 days after fruit set (DAF). The study further revealed that the days taken from fruit set to maturity and ripening, colour change, total soluble solids and acidity may be considered as the most reliable maturity indices for taking harvest decision in pas-sion fruit.

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