STABLE TAXANE PRODUCTION IN TAXUS SHOOT CULTURES.

Taxol, a promising anticancer drug, is limited by inadequate supply. The production of taxol and related compounds (taxanes) by Taxus tissue cultures has been reported, yet sustained production has not been demonstrated. One theory is that cell differentiation and/or tissue organization is required to sequester taxol and avoid autotoxicity. To investigate this, T. cuspidata shoot cultures were established and the taxane content of various culture stages compared to that of field needles. HPLC analysis identified two peaks which comigrated and had UV spectra identical to taxol and 10-deacetyl taxol. The levels of 10-deacetyl taxol were similar in all samples. Cultured shoots contained much less taxol than field needles, and the level of a third peak which migrates closely to taxol was inversely related to that of taxol. Taxol content was restored in the first flush out of culture. Shoot cultures of T. brevifolia, T. x media, and T. canadensis have also been analyzed. In addition to shoot cultures, nodule cultures, a biological unit that may be suitable for production of taxanes in plant bioreactors, have been initiated and characterized.

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Removal of Magnesium by Mg-dechelatase Is a Major Step in the Chlorophyll-Degrading Pathway in Ginkgo biloba in the Process of Autumnal Tints

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2000-11-1213 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 55 (11-12) ◽

pp. 923-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lei Tang ◽

Atsushi Okazawa ◽

Eiichiro Fukusaki ◽

Akio Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Deciduous Trees ◽

Natural Phenomena ◽

Major Step ◽

Pheophytin A ◽

Chl A ◽

Degrading Enzymes ◽

Green Leaves ◽

Related Compounds

Autumnal tints are one of the most manifest and fascinating natural phenomena, but the mechanism of chlorophyll (Chl)-breakdown in deciduous trees has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the composition of Chl-related compounds and determined the activities of initial Chl-degrading enzymes in Ginkgo leaves at various stages in the process of autumnal coloring. Only pheophytin a (Pheo a, Mg-free Chl a) was detected in yellow leaves by HPLC analysis, and the activity of Mg-dechelatase in yellow leaves was found to be higher than in green leaves. These findings showed that the removal of magnesium from Chl a occurred in advance of dephytylation in the Ginkgo.

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HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACTION OF SHOOT CULTURES FROM NOTHAPODYTE NIMMONIANA AND ITS ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE ANALYSIS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i6.25726 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Arun Sharma ◽

Ankita Rajata ◽

Udayabanu Malairaman ◽

Hemant Sood

Keyword(s):

Hplc Analysis ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Multiple Shoots ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Old Field ◽

Nothapodytes Nimmoniana ◽

In Vitro Shoots ◽

Ethidium Bromide Staining

Objective: The important restraints in plant-derived medicine are the convenience of active composites which depends on diverse topographical situations, active compound build-up pattern, environmental circumstances and genetic makeup of the plant. The presented work was aimed to describe an efficient technique for fast propagation of Nothapodytes nimmoniana which is an imperative source of Camptothecin.Methods: Multiple shoots were successfully regenerated from the explants N. nimmoniana using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium accompanied with IBA+KN+GA3 (1:3:2) mg/l. the hydro-alcoholic extract was obtained by soxhlet extraction for field grown roots (fgRE), shoots (fgSE) and in vitro plantlets (ivPL) and further subjected to phytochemicals analysis. HPLC analysis was performed to determine the percentage of camptothecin (CAM). Anti-proliferative studies were carried out followed by Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide staining. Extracts were also estimated for reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).Results: Preliminary qualitative chemical analysis of the extracts displayed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, saponins, terpenoids and phenolics compounds. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of CAM in all the extracts. ivPL exhibited lowest anti-proliferative activity in contrast to other extract and percentage of ROS and RNS was also less. Although ivPL did not exhibited prominent anti-tumour effect, but in vitro accumulation of CAM in 2-months old shoots provides an alternative resource to 5 y-old field grown plants.Conclusion: This work delivers a potential to lead to further increase the potency of CAM in in vitro shoots of two months old as an alternative to the field grown plants for treating cancers.

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Biotransformation of Externally Added Vanillin Related Compounds by Multiple Shoot Cultures of Vanilla planifolia L

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/bf03263213 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 153-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Meera H. Velankar ◽

Mohan R. Heble

Keyword(s):

Multiple Shoot ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Vanilla Planifolia ◽

Multiple Shoot Cultures ◽

Related Compounds

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The Biotransformation of Foreign Substrates by Tissue Cultures. I. The Hydroxylation of Linalool and Its Related Compounds with the Suspension Cells ofNicotiana tabacum

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan ◽

10.1246/bcsj.54.3527 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 3527-3529 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Toshifumi Hirata ◽

Tadashi Aoki ◽

Yoshio Hirano ◽

Takashi Ito ◽

Takayuki Suga

Keyword(s):

Tissue Cultures ◽

Suspension Cells ◽

Ofnicotiana Tabacum ◽

Related Compounds

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Characterization of Green Pigment from Sauropus androgynus Shoot Cultures

Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana (MPI) ◽

10.24123/mpi.v3i3.4447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 128-137

Author(s):

Oeke Yunita ◽

Devi Veronica Wijayanto ◽

Aulia Dwi Hapsari ◽

Muji Lestari Wahyu Wilang Sari ◽

Alfian Hendra Krisnawan

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Green Pigment ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Dark Green ◽

Tlc Analysis ◽

Two Peaks ◽

Layer Chromatography

The dark green leaves of Sauropus androgynus (Euphorbiaceae) have various nutritive values and are commonly used for human consumption as food, medicine, and natural dye substance in South-east Asia. Shoot cultures of this plant were established by adding various concentrations of kinetin (Kn) and benzyl adenine (BA) using nodal explants. The best results were recorded when Kn 0.1 mg/L was used with BA 1 mg/L (BA1Kn0.1). Spectrophotometric analysis showed two peaks of green pigment in shoot cultures, A pigment (λmax = 663.6 - 663.8 nm, absorbance 0.1111) and B pigment (λmax= 611.3 - 613.9 nm, absorbance 0.0390). Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis showed two green spots (Rf Y = 0.31 and Rf Z = 0.25) of shoot cultures on medium supplemented with BA1Kn0.1 for 10 days. Pigment profiles of shoot culltures were similar to their corresponding mother plants. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used as a preliminary technique to evaluate the genetic similarity of the shoot cultures and their corresponding mother plants. It showed four similar DNA banding patterns to their leaves, ranging from 271-765 bp.

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The effect of triacontanol on shoot multiplication and production of antioxidant compounds in shoot cultures of Salvia officinalis L.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2006.002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Izabela Grzegorczyk ◽

Ireneusz Bilichowski ◽

Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik ◽

Halina Wysokińska

Keyword(s):

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Shoot Proliferation ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Salvia Officinalis L

This report describes the effect of triacontanol on shoot multiplication and production of antioxidant compounds (carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid) in S. officinalis cultures grown on MS basal medium (agar solidified medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 IAA, 0.45 mg l-1 BAP). It was found that shoot proliferation significantly increased when triacontanol at concentrations of 5, 10 or 20 µg l-1 was added to the medium. HPLC analysis of acetone and methanolic extracts of sage shoots showed that the production of diterpenoids, carnosic acid/carnosol ratio, as well as, contents of rosmarinic acid were also affected by the treatment with triacontanol. The highest stimulation effect of triacontanol was observed on the production of carnosol, where the treatment with 20 µg l l-1 increased the content of this diterpenoid 4.5-fold compared to that in the control (sage shoots growing on MS basal medium, only).

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Analysis of the responses of the fetal vessels of human perfused placental lobules to acute infusions of arachidonic acid

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd9900591 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 591 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

NM Gude ◽

GE Rice ◽

RG King ◽

AL Boura ◽

SP Brennecke

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Thromboxane A2 ◽

In Utero ◽

Elution Profile ◽

Vasodilatory Response ◽

Two Peaks ◽

Fetal Vessels ◽

Second Peak

The vasodilatory response to arachidonic acid by the fetal vessels of human perfused placental lobules, in which tone had been increased by infusion of the thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619, was significantly reduced in the presence of the prostacyclin (PGI2) synthetase inhibitor tranylcypromine compared with saline infusion controls. HPLC analysis of the fetal effluent from human perfused placental lobules, in which radiolabelled arachidonic acid had been infused, identified two peaks of activity. The first peak displayed an elution profile similar to that of a 6-keto-PGF1 alpha standard; the presence of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in this peak was confirmed by RIA. The second peak had an elution profile similar to that of an arachidonic acid standard. These results suggest that the vasodilatory response to the fetal vessels of human perfused placental lobules to acute infusions of arachidonic acid is mediated, at least in part, by the synthesis of PGI2. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that PGI2 may be involved in the maintenance of low vascular resistance of the fetal placenta in utero.

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Enzymatic and Immunological Approaches for the Quantitation and Confirmation of Ochratoxin A in Swine Kidneys

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-60.2.172 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 172-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

ANDREW A. FROHLICH ◽

RONALD R. MARQUARDT ◽

JAMES R. CLARKE

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

High Performance ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Enzymatic Method ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Related Compounds ◽

Enzymatic Procedure ◽

Swine Kidney

Several techniques for the quantitation and confirmation of ochratoxin A (OA) in swine kidneys were examined. Naturally and artificially contaminated swine kidneys were analyzed for OA by conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Samples were additionally tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or treated with carboxypeptidase A followed by HPLC analysis (enzymatic method). Correlations (r values) between the conventional HPLC procedure and the ELISA, using artificially contaminated samples, were 0.88 and 0.81 (P < 0.05) respectively, while the corresponding values between the conventional HPLC procedure and the enzymatic method were 0.89 and 0.98 (P < 0.05). The ELISA gave a more direct estimation of OA contamination than the enzymatic procedure. The enzymatic method also had a reproducible tendency to underestimate or overestimate the amounts of OA in kidney. This was found to be dependent on the source of contamination, as artificially and naturally contaminated kidney samples resulted in linear regression analysis slopes of 0.38 and 2.8, whereas the slopes for the ELISA method were 1.13 and 0.92, respectively. The results with the naturally contaminated kidneys suggest that other naturally occurring forms of OA also occurred in swine kidney. Regardless of this effect, the enzymatic method accurately confirms the presence of OA and related compounds in kidney. The techniques are simple and will complement conventional HPLC analysis for the detection, quantitation, and confirmation of OA in swine kidneys.

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Response of Plant Tissue Cultures to Various Light Spectra and Ultra-high Levels of Carbon Dioxide

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.518e ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 518e-519

Author(s):

Brent Tisserat

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

White Light ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Light Quality ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Tissue Cultures ◽

Severe Stunting ◽

Plant Tissue Cultures

Growing plant tissue cultures under specific light quality treatments (e.g., white, red, blue, yellow, or orange light) has been conducted to study altered morphogenesis. Characteristic differences in leaf shape, rooting, axillary shooting and fresh weights may be obtained depending on the light quality treatments employed. However, light quality treatments also results in a reduction of available light intensity provided to the culture which can be detrimental. Long-term treatments (i.e., 8 weeks) with certain light treatments may result in severe stunting in growth or even culture death. This situation can be corrected by increasing the light intensity for each light quality treatment employed or reducing the time of treatment exposure. As an alternative, this study was conducted to determine if coupling colored light treatments with enhanced ultra-high CO2 levels (e.g., 10,000 Lμliter–1 CO2) could result in growth rates comparable to that occurring in white light treatments. The growth results of employing several species (i.e. lettuce, thyme, citrus) shoot cultures under various light quality treatments with and without ultra-high CO2 levels are presented. Ultra-high CO2 levels enhanced culture growth regardless of the light treatment employed. In some cases, cultures that were given ultra-high CO2 levels with several light treatments exhibited growth rates that exceeded that obtained from white light treatments. Based on these results, ultra-high CO2 levels may play a role in testing and obtaining a beneficial effect from light quality treatments on plant tissue cultures.

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