scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE POLLEN PARENT AND ITS EFFECT ON LYCHEE FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS BY ISOZYMIC ANALYSIS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 624e-625
Author(s):  
Chemda Degani ◽  
Ruth El-Batsri ◽  
Raphael A. Stern ◽  
Shmuel Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Isozyme System

Fruits produced in two commercial lychee (litchi chinensis Sonn.) orchards consisting of adjacent blocks of `Floridian' and `Mauritius' were analyzed for pollen parentage by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) isozyme system. 'Mauritius' and `Floridian' were found to possess distinguishable homozygous isozyme phenotypes in PGI, thus allowing the unequivocal identification of their progenies as originating from self- or cross-pollination. The rates of hybrids produced in the two orchards were 69% and 87% for `Floridian' and 17% and 65% for `Mauritius'. In both cvs a significant correlation was found between pollen parent and the weights of fruits and seeds. Fruits originating from cross-pollination were heavier and contained heavier seeds than selfed fruits. The most pronounced effect of the pollen parent on seed weight was found in `Floridian, which appears to exhibit inbreeding depression.

scholarly journals Pollen Parent Effect on Outcrossing Rate, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics of `Floridian' and `Mauritius' Lychee

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Stern ◽  
S. Gazit ◽  
R. El-Batsri ◽  
C. Degani
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Hybrid Production

Fruits produced in two orchards, each consisting of adjacent blocks of `Floridian' and `Mauritius' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), were unequivocally identified as selfed or outcrossed by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGP; EC 5.3.1.9) isozyme analysis. The average rate of hybrid production in each orchard was 69% and 87% for `Floridian' and 17% and 65% for `Mauritius', respectively. The percentage of hybrids produced on trees adjacent to those of the other cultivar was invariably significantly higher than that produced on the more distant trees. However a significant correlation between hybrid percentage and proximity to the other cultivar, as well as between hybrid percentage and yield, was found only for `Floridian' in one of the orchards. A significant correlation was found between pollen source and the weights of fruits and seeds in both cultivars. Fruits originating from cross-pollination were heavier and contained heavier seeds than selfed fruits. The most pronounced effect of pollen parent on seed weight was found in `Floridian', which appears to exhibit inbreeding depression.

scholarly journals Pollen Parent Effect on the Selective Abscission of `Mauritius' and `Floridian' Lychee Fruitlets

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Degani ◽  
R.A. Stern ◽  
R. El-Batsri ◽  
S. Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Isozyme System

Fruit produced by adjacent blocks of `Mauritius' and `Floridian' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were sampled at four different stages of development and the embryos were analyzed for pollen parentage by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) isozyme system. Hybrid percentage increased significantly from ≈5 weeks after fruit set to maturity as follows: from 29.5% to 76.3% in `Mauritius' and from 74.2% to 92.5% in `Floridian'. These findings clearly indicate selective abscission of selfed fruitlets. In `Mauritius', yield was not related to the distance from the pollenizer block or hybrid percentage. In `Floridian', yield of trees adjacent to the `Mauritius' pollenizer was higher by 36% than that of trees at a distance of 24 m. The correlation between `Flordian' yield and hybrid percentage tended toward significance (r= 0.64, P = 0.08). In addition, in both cultivars, fruit and seed weights were affected by the pollen parent: outcrossed fruit were heavier and contained heavier seeds than selfed ones.

scholarly journals Autonomous pollination alleviates pollen limitation in the endemic Cienfuegosia yucatanensis Millsp. (Malvaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Víctor Parra-Tabla ◽  
Conchita Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
The North ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Self Compatibility

Background: Self-compatibility is common on endemic plant species, but pollen limitation and self-pollination could be risk factors. Study species: The endemic Cienfuegosia yucatanensis (Malvaceae), whose distribution is mainly restricted to the north coast of the peninsula of Yucatán, México. Questions: a) Are flowers of C. yucatanensis autonomous for pollination? b) Are C. yucatanensis fruit or seed-set limited by pollen deposition? and, c) Is there evidence of early inbreeding depression in C. yucatanensis? Study sites and dates: Two sites in the north of the peninsula of Yucatán in a seasonally dry scrubland, in the rainy season of 2013 and 2014. Methods: Number of flowers and fruits were weekly recorded. Flowers were collected to count the number of conspecific pollen load and the number of pollen tubes. Autonomous pollination and pollen limitation were evaluated with a hand-pollination experiment. Inbreeding depression on fruit and seed production, and seed weight was evaluated. Results: Flower and fruit production occur simultaneously and last from August to October. Conspecific pollen deposition on stigmas occurred through the whole flowering season and a maximum of pollen tubes was observed in August. Autonomous pollination treatment lead to similar fruit and seed production than cross-pollination, but open pollination produced significantly more seeds. No significant differences among self- and cross-pollination treatments on fruit and seed production or seed weight, were found.  Conclusions: Our results suggest that self-compatibility combined with a relatively efficient autonomous pollination, are suitable mechanisms for the reproductive assurance in C. yucatanensis, with no apparent effects of early inbreeding depression.

Routine Estimation of Captan on Individual Sorghum Seeds

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1112
Author(s):  
Paul W Simon ◽  
Martin M Kulik
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Testing Laboratories ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Amount

Abstract A colorimetric method to delect captan was modified to permit rapid estimation of this fungicide on individual sorghum seeds. The procedure involves extraction of captan with benzene, removal of interfering dyes with Florisil, reaction with a resorcinol solution, and determination of color intensity with a colorimeter. One hundred seeds from each of 11 commercially treated samples were tested. The seeds numbered from 116,000 to 161,000/ lb. The average amount per sample of captan removed from seeds varied from 10.6 to 28.9 μg/seed and from 0.307 to 1.032 μg/mg seed weight. The theoretical amount of captan should have been 0.975 to 1.400 μg/mg seed weight, according to the container labels. The results indicate the need for closer control of seed treatment and for better definition of amounts of treatment required for adequate seed protection. The method presented now makes it feasible for seed testing laboratories to routinely determine amounts of captan on individual seeds. One technician could probably analyze up to 600 seeds daily, using equipment of larger capacity than the prototypes described in this paper.

scholarly journals HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS Evaluation of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Adulteration

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sabatino ◽  
Monica Scordino ◽  
Maria Gargano ◽  
Adalgisa Belligno ◽  
Pasqualino Traulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Marker Molecule ◽  
Crocus Sativus L ◽  
Selection Of

The present study evaluated the reliability of the ISO/TS 3632-2 UV-Vis spectrometric method for saffron classification, making experiments on saffron samples to which were added increasing concentrations of common saffron spice adulterants (safflower, marigold and turmeric). The results showed that the ISO/TS 3632-2 method is not able to detect addition of up to 10-20%, w/w, of saffron adulterants. For additions from 20 to 50%, w/w, of the three adulterants, saffron was classified in a wrong category; addition of higher than 50%, w/w, determined variations in the investigated parameters that did not allow identification of the product as “saffron”. In all cases, the method did not permit the recognition of the nature of the adulterant. On the contrary, the specificity of the HPLC/PDA/MS technique allowed the unequivocal identification of adulterant characteristic marker molecules that could be recognized by the values of absorbance and mass. The selection of characteristic ions of each marker molecule has revealed concentrations of up to 5%, w/w, for safflower and marigold and up to 2% for turmeric. In addition, the high dyeing power of turmeric allowed the determination of 2%, w/w, addition using exclusively the HPLC/PDA technique.

scholarly journals Synthesis and separation by thin-layer chromatography of bilirubin-IX isomers. Their identification as tetrapyrroles and dipyrrolic ethyl anthranilate azo derivatives

1976 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Blanckaert ◽  
K. P. M. Heirwegh ◽  
F Compernolle
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Azo Derivatives ◽  
Biliverdin Ix ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Derivatives ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Easy Differentiation

Procedures for the synthesis, separation and determination of structure of the bilirubin-IX isomers are described. 1. The four biliverdin-IX isomers were prepared by oxidative cleavage of haemin and were separated as their dimethyl esters. The individual esters were reduced with NaBH4, and the bilirubin esters obtained were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis yielding the corresponding bilirubin-IX isomers. 2. The bilirubin-IX isomers were structurally characterized (a) at the tetrapyrrolic stage by mass spectrometry of their trimethylsilyl derivatives and (b) by formation and structural analysis of their dipyrrolic ethyl anthranilate azo derivatives. 3. The absorption spectrum of bilirubin-IX α differed strikingly from the spectra of the other isomers. The presence of a pronounced shoulder around 453 nm in the spectrum of bilirubin-IXβ allows easy differentiation from bilirubin-IXdelta. Methylation of the carboxyl groups largely eliminates the spectral differences between the IXα- and non-α isomers. 4. The bilirubin-IX isomers are conveniently separated by t.l.c. Detection and unequivocal identification is possible on a micro-scale by (a) t.l.c. with respect to reference compounds and (b) subsequent formation and t.l.c. of the more stable ethyl anthranilate azopigments. 5. Pronounced differences in polarity, i.e. solvent distribution, between the bilirubin-IX isomers indicate that a re-evaluation of conclusions reached previously with regard to the presence in, or absence from, biological fluids of some isomers and their relative amounts is needed.

Relationships between inbreeding, meiotic irregularity, and fertility in alfalfa

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Smith ◽  
R. P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Pollen Mother Cell ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Meiotic Irregularity ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Fertility (seed production) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is severely depressed by inbreeding; however, little is known of the factors directly responsible for this depression. Irregularities in meiotic behavior could be partially responsible for the inbreeding depression in fertility observed. This study considered relationships between fertility, inbreeding, and irregularity in microsporogenesis. Fertility declined markedly with inbreeding in the materials examined (S0–S3). Irregularity in microsporogenesis, as measured by the percent irregular quartets, (i.e., quartets with micronuclei, supernumerary microspores, or irregular cytokinesis) increased significantly with inbreeding. Increases in quartet irregularity were associated with increases in the number of univalents per pollen mother cell observed at metaphase I. Considering all materials studied, the percentage of irregular quartets was negatively and significantly correlated with fertility as both a seed and a pollen parent. In more detailed analyses, it was observed that the percent irregular quartets was negatively associated with fertility as a pollen parent only when levels of irregularity were relatively high. No association was observed between the percent irregular quartets and fertility when levels of irregularity were relatively low.Key words: Medicago, microsporogenesis, seed production, breeding, fertility.

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