scholarly journals Pollen Parent Effect on the Selective Abscission of `Mauritius' and `Floridian' Lychee Fruitlets

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Degani ◽  
R.A. Stern ◽  
R. El-Batsri ◽  
S. Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Isozyme System

Fruit produced by adjacent blocks of `Mauritius' and `Floridian' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were sampled at four different stages of development and the embryos were analyzed for pollen parentage by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) isozyme system. Hybrid percentage increased significantly from ≈5 weeks after fruit set to maturity as follows: from 29.5% to 76.3% in `Mauritius' and from 74.2% to 92.5% in `Floridian'. These findings clearly indicate selective abscission of selfed fruitlets. In `Mauritius', yield was not related to the distance from the pollenizer block or hybrid percentage. In `Floridian', yield of trees adjacent to the `Mauritius' pollenizer was higher by 36% than that of trees at a distance of 24 m. The correlation between `Flordian' yield and hybrid percentage tended toward significance (r= 0.64, P = 0.08). In addition, in both cultivars, fruit and seed weights were affected by the pollen parent: outcrossed fruit were heavier and contained heavier seeds than selfed ones.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE POLLEN PARENT AND ITS EFFECT ON LYCHEE FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS BY ISOZYMIC ANALYSIS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 624e-625
Author(s):  
Chemda Degani ◽  
Ruth El-Batsri ◽  
Raphael A. Stern ◽  
Shmuel Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Isozyme System

Fruits produced in two commercial lychee (litchi chinensis Sonn.) orchards consisting of adjacent blocks of `Floridian' and `Mauritius' were analyzed for pollen parentage by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) isozyme system. 'Mauritius' and `Floridian' were found to possess distinguishable homozygous isozyme phenotypes in PGI, thus allowing the unequivocal identification of their progenies as originating from self- or cross-pollination. The rates of hybrids produced in the two orchards were 69% and 87% for `Floridian' and 17% and 65% for `Mauritius'. In both cvs a significant correlation was found between pollen parent and the weights of fruits and seeds. Fruits originating from cross-pollination were heavier and contained heavier seeds than selfed fruits. The most pronounced effect of the pollen parent on seed weight was found in `Floridian, which appears to exhibit inbreeding depression.

scholarly journals Pollen Parent Effect on Outcrossing Rate, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics of `Floridian' and `Mauritius' Lychee

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Stern ◽  
S. Gazit ◽  
R. El-Batsri ◽  
C. Degani
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Hybrid Production

Fruits produced in two orchards, each consisting of adjacent blocks of `Floridian' and `Mauritius' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), were unequivocally identified as selfed or outcrossed by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGP; EC 5.3.1.9) isozyme analysis. The average rate of hybrid production in each orchard was 69% and 87% for `Floridian' and 17% and 65% for `Mauritius', respectively. The percentage of hybrids produced on trees adjacent to those of the other cultivar was invariably significantly higher than that produced on the more distant trees. However a significant correlation between hybrid percentage and proximity to the other cultivar, as well as between hybrid percentage and yield, was found only for `Floridian' in one of the orchards. A significant correlation was found between pollen source and the weights of fruits and seeds in both cultivars. Fruits originating from cross-pollination were heavier and contained heavier seeds than selfed fruits. The most pronounced effect of pollen parent on seed weight was found in `Floridian', which appears to exhibit inbreeding depression.

Flowering and fruit set in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in subtropical Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Menzel ◽  
DR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Panicle Development ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The Times ◽  
Female Flowers

The pattern of panicle and flower development of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) trees was studied in subtropical Queensland (lat. 27�S.). The cultivars studied were Tai So at 3 sites, Bengal at 4 sites, Kwai May Pink at 2 sites, Salathiel at 3 sites, and Wai Chee at 2 sites. Tai So was the earliest cultivar, with panicle emergence in late May and flower anthesis in mid September. The other cultivars were 5-7 weeks later. Tai So had a longer period of flower anthesis than the other cultivars (4 weeks v. 1-3 weeks). Cultivars Tai So and Bengal generally had longer panicles than cvv. Kwai May Pink, Salathiel and Wai Chee (17-32 v. 10-14 cm), and more flowers per panicle (1800-3400 v. 400-900). Similarly, the number of fruit per panicle ranged from 7-33/panicle 2-3 weeks after the end of flowering, to 4-22/panicle at harvest. The proportion of female flowers setting fruit ranged from 2.1 to 19.5%. Similar estimates for fruit carried to harvest ranged from 0.8 to 6.8%. Variations in the times of panicle emergence, panicle development, and anthesis among the cultivars in relation to seasonal progressions in temperature affected the number of fruit set. The number of fruit set per panicle increased as the number of female flowers per panicle increased. Higher numbers of female flowers were associated with maximum temperatures during flower development of 18�C, with lower numbers at 23�C. Higher maximum temperatures during anthesis (30�C v. 24�C) increased the proportion of female flowers setting fruit.

Fruit set in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Variation between flowers, panicles and trees

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA McConchie ◽  
DJ Batten
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Female Phase ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Female Flowers

The ability of lychee cv. Bengal (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) female flowers to produce fruit has been investigated within individual panicles. Female flowers were pollinated with pollen from the same cultivar or removed manually. These experiments showed that 13.3% of the flowers opening on the first three days of the female phase of anthesis produced fruit. This was significantly fewer than the 22.8% of female flowers opening 4 to 6 days after commencement of female anthesis. Only 9.2% of flowers produced fruit on panicles in which every female flower was pollinated and none removed. No panicle yielded more than 28 fruit. The variation in female flower fecundity within a panicle, and the decrease in the proportion of flowers that yielded fruit as the number of flowers pollinated per panicle increased imply that comparisons between different treatments to lychee flowers should be made on entire panicles and not individual flowers. There was no difference between replicates of treatments on the same tree nor in the performance of individual trees. The time of day that pollination was performed appeared to have little effect on the percentage of fruit retained. There was no obvious relationship between prevailing weather conditions on the day of pollination and fruit production.

Effect of Pollen Grain and Pollination Period on Fruit Set in Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Lal ◽  
Nisha Sahu ◽  
Evening Stone Marboh ◽  
Alok Kumar Gupta ◽  
Abhay Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Litchi Chinensis

Effect of paclobutrazol on growth and flowering of lychee (Litchi chinensis)

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Menzel ◽  
DR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Panicle Development ◽  
Bird Damage

The effects of either foliar (1.00-4.00 g/L) or soil applications (0.25-1.00 g/m2 tree ground cover) of paclobutrazol, during autumn, on vegetative flushing and flowering of 3 lychee (Litchi chiriensis) cultivars (Bengal, Kwai May Pink and Tai So) were investigated over 3 years at 8 sites in subtropical southern Queensland. Cultivars at these sites varied in the level of vegetative flushing prior to panicle emergence in May-August and flowering in spring. Paclobutrazol reduced flushing and increased flowering in 5 out of 8 orchards, maintained dormancy and reduced flowering in 1 orchard, and had variable effects in 2 orchards, depending on the method of application. The maximum level of flowering in paclobutrazol treated trees occurred when the control trees bloomed moderately (40-60% of terminal branches). The responses were sometimes weak when the trees were very vigorous (<30% bloom). Paclobutrazol had no significant effect or reduced flowering of heavily blooming (70-100% bloom) trees. Paclobutrazol had only a small effect on panicle development, fruit set and fruit quality at most sites. Yield reflected the flowering response to paclobutrazol, except when yields were lowered by excessive male flowering or bird damage to the fruit.

Crop development and leaf nitrogen in lychee in subtropical Queensland

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Menzel ◽  
ML Carseldine ◽  
DR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Main Factor

Heaviest flowering of 6-9-year-old lychee trees (Litchi chinensis cv. Tai So) over 3 seasons in subtropical Queensland (lat. 27�S.) was associated with a growth check in the terminal shoots prior to panicle emergence (May-June). Leaf nitrogen was the main factor controlling the level of flushing before panicle emergence. Flushing was active (on >40% of terminal branches) when leaf nitrogen concentration exceeded 1.85% N in April. These results suggest that flowering of lychee in subtropical environments where heavy rain precedes panicle emergence in autumn can be promoted by restricting leaf nitrogen levels prior to panicle emergence below 1.75-1.85% N to reduce vegetative flushing. Studies on the seasonal pattern of leaf nitrogen showed that the period during flowering to just after fruit set was the most stable for sampling for leaf nitrogen.

Fruit and seed development in mung beans (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Savithri ◽  
P. S. Ganapathy ◽  
S. K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Developing Seeds ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Made In

SummaryA study of fruit set at different nodes was made in mung beans, Phaseolus aureus Roxb., under field conditions. Flowering commenced on the fourth node from the base and the percentage fruit set showed a gradual decrease from the fifth node upwards. Yield analysis was carried out for each of the fruiting nodes. When the leaf and inflorescences at a node are taken as a functional unit it is seen that there was a decrease in the ratio of leaf area to fruit and seed weights from the base of the plant upwards indicating that at the upper nodes particularly, some other plant parts also contribute to the photosynthate pool of the developing seeds.A quantitative study of the dry matter, proteins and starch in the fruit wall and seeds of fruits at different stages of development was made. It showed that the rapid increase in dry matter, proteins and starch in the seeds at the later stages of development is compensated, in part, by a decrease of these components in the fruit wall. Histochemical studies of the fruit wall further supported these observations. This indicated the contribution of substrates by the fruit wall to the developing seeds.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Levels and the Development of Fruit in Cranberry

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Birrenkott ◽  
Cynthia A. Henson ◽  
Elden J. Stang
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Vegetative Tissue ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Current Growth ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. cv. Searles) vegetative tissue was analyzed at various stages of development to determine carbohydrate levels under field and greenhouse conditions and to identify the carbohydrates. Except during dormancy, cranberry uprights in the field had the highest concentration of carbohydrates (soluble and starch) at early blossom, when the lower flowers were at anthesis. As early flowers developed into fruit and upper flowers were at or just beyond anthesis, uprights had lower carbohydrate concentrations. As fruit growth slowed, soluble carbohydrate levels increased and were highest at dormancy. Upright shoot tissue produced the previous year and trailing woody stems followed the same trend as the current season's growth but had consistently lower soluble carbohydrate levels at each growth stage. Starch levels were low in current growth and did not change appreciably with fruit development. Starch was primarily stored and subsequently depleted in the previous season's upright growth and trailing woody stems. Tissue from the greenhouse was generally higher in carbohydrates than was field-grown tissue. Fruit developed from 53% of the flowers under greenhouse conditions, compared to 38% in the field. Insufficient carbohydrate levels may be responsible for the low fruit set observed in the field. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, and stachyose were present in cranberry vegetative tissue.

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