scholarly journals Pollen Parent Effect on Outcrossing Rate, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics of `Floridian' and `Mauritius' Lychee

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Stern ◽  
S. Gazit ◽  
R. El-Batsri ◽  
C. Degani
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Hybrid Production

Fruits produced in two orchards, each consisting of adjacent blocks of `Floridian' and `Mauritius' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), were unequivocally identified as selfed or outcrossed by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGP; EC 5.3.1.9) isozyme analysis. The average rate of hybrid production in each orchard was 69% and 87% for `Floridian' and 17% and 65% for `Mauritius', respectively. The percentage of hybrids produced on trees adjacent to those of the other cultivar was invariably significantly higher than that produced on the more distant trees. However a significant correlation between hybrid percentage and proximity to the other cultivar, as well as between hybrid percentage and yield, was found only for `Floridian' in one of the orchards. A significant correlation was found between pollen source and the weights of fruits and seeds in both cultivars. Fruits originating from cross-pollination were heavier and contained heavier seeds than selfed fruits. The most pronounced effect of pollen parent on seed weight was found in `Floridian', which appears to exhibit inbreeding depression.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE POLLEN PARENT AND ITS EFFECT ON LYCHEE FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS BY ISOZYMIC ANALYSIS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 624e-625
Author(s):  
Chemda Degani ◽  
Ruth El-Batsri ◽  
Raphael A. Stern ◽  
Shmuel Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Isozyme System

Fruits produced in two commercial lychee (litchi chinensis Sonn.) orchards consisting of adjacent blocks of `Floridian' and `Mauritius' were analyzed for pollen parentage by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) isozyme system. 'Mauritius' and `Floridian' were found to possess distinguishable homozygous isozyme phenotypes in PGI, thus allowing the unequivocal identification of their progenies as originating from self- or cross-pollination. The rates of hybrids produced in the two orchards were 69% and 87% for `Floridian' and 17% and 65% for `Mauritius'. In both cvs a significant correlation was found between pollen parent and the weights of fruits and seeds. Fruits originating from cross-pollination were heavier and contained heavier seeds than selfed fruits. The most pronounced effect of the pollen parent on seed weight was found in `Floridian, which appears to exhibit inbreeding depression.

scholarly journals Pollen Parent Effect on the Selective Abscission of `Mauritius' and `Floridian' Lychee Fruitlets

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Degani ◽  
R.A. Stern ◽  
R. El-Batsri ◽  
S. Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Isozyme System

Fruit produced by adjacent blocks of `Mauritius' and `Floridian' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were sampled at four different stages of development and the embryos were analyzed for pollen parentage by phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) isozyme system. Hybrid percentage increased significantly from ≈5 weeks after fruit set to maturity as follows: from 29.5% to 76.3% in `Mauritius' and from 74.2% to 92.5% in `Floridian'. These findings clearly indicate selective abscission of selfed fruitlets. In `Mauritius', yield was not related to the distance from the pollenizer block or hybrid percentage. In `Floridian', yield of trees adjacent to the `Mauritius' pollenizer was higher by 36% than that of trees at a distance of 24 m. The correlation between `Flordian' yield and hybrid percentage tended toward significance (r= 0.64, P = 0.08). In addition, in both cultivars, fruit and seed weights were affected by the pollen parent: outcrossed fruit were heavier and contained heavier seeds than selfed ones.

scholarly journals Pollen Parent Effect on Outcrossing Rate, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics of `Fuerte' Avocado

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chemda Degani ◽  
Anat Goldring ◽  
Itzhak Adato ◽  
Ruth El-Batsri ◽  
Shmuel Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Previous Conclusion ◽  
Enzyme Systems

The effects of various pollen parents on outcrossing rates, yield, and fruit and seed weights were studied in a `Fuerte' avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Isozyme analysis was used to identify the pollen parent of mature fruits. Cotyledons were assayed for five polymorphic enzyme systems: alcohol dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, and triosephosphate isomerase. When sampling of fruits was done to a height of 2 m, percent of hybrids produced by `Teague' and `Topa-Topa' pollenizers was in the range of 30% to 40%. With `Teague' as the pollenizer, `Fuerte' yield increased by 30% in trees adjacent to the pollenizer. With `Tops-Tops' as pollenizer, the yield was increased by 40% for trees adjacent to and at a distance from the pollenizer. `Ettinger' trees planted at a distance of 30 to 50 m from `Fuerte' were found to be the pollen parent of 2% to 14% of the progeny, thus supporting our previous conclusion regarding the high potency of `Ettinger' as a pollen parent. `Tops-Tops', `Teague', and `Ettinger' significantly increased fruit and seed weights of crossed compared with selfed `Fuerte' fruits.

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment and foliar spray with fungicides in controlling black point disease of wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Malaker ◽  
IH Mian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The efficacy of seed treatment and foliar spray with fungicides in controlling black point incidence of wheat seeds was evaluated in the field. Two seed treating fungicides, namely Vitavax-200 and Homai-80WP were used @ 0.25% of dry seed weight and foliar spray with Tilt-250EC (0.05%) was applied in six different schedules. Untreated and unsprayed controls were also maintained. Seed treatment with either Vitavax-200 or Homai-80WP significantly increased plant population and grain yield, but none of them was found effective in reducing black point incidence. On the other hand, foliar sprays with Tilt-250EC under all the spray schedules except spraying at 70 and 90 DAS significantly minimized the disease severity over unsprayed control. Among the different spray schedules, spraying at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 DAS appeared to be most effective, which was similar to spraying at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAS in reducing black point incidence and increasing grain yield. Economic analysis on yield advantage showed that the highest additional gross margin of Tk. 6120/ha with BCR 2.57 was obtained from five sprays applied at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAS. Key Words: Seed treatment, foliar spray, black point, wheat. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3968 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 425-434, September 2009

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variation in Fruit Morphology among Provenances ofSclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idah Mkwezalamba ◽  
Chimuleke R. Y. Munthali ◽  
Edward Missanjo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Selection Of

Sclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst. is a multipurpose fruit tree which is very useful in providing food security and meeting nutritional and economic needs. This study was conducted to assess eighteen provenances ofSclerocarya birreaplanted in Mangochi, Malawi. The trial was assessed for fruit traits at fifteen years of age. There were significant (P<0.001) variations among the provenances in number of fruits, fruit weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length, and diameter. Magunde provenance from Mozambique had the highest mean number of fruits, 2196 ± 200. Mangochi and Moamba provenances from Malawi and Mozambique were the most outstanding in the other parameters measured attaining the mean fruit weight of 20.89 ± 0.25 g and 25.67 ± 0.67 g, pulp weight of 25.70 ± 0.08 g and 21.55 ± 0.83 g, seed weight of 4.81 ± 0.35 g and 4.12 ± 0.18 g, fruit length of 2.61 ± 0.14 cm and 2.33 ± 0.07 cm, and fruit diameter of 2.33 ± 0.15 cm and 1.97 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) correlation between number of fruits and the other fruit traits. However, there were significant (P<0.05) and strong positive relationships between fruit weight and pulp weight (r=0.987) and fruit length and diameter (r=0.775). This suggests that fruit weight can be used indirectly for selection of pulp. Further studies should investigate fruit taste quality of products from the fruits.

The Pattern of Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-98
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
National Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Definite Pattern ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The One

Economic change in colonial India followed a definite pattern. Chapter 3 describes the pattern with statistical data. The chapter shows that the average rate of growth of national income per capita was low, but that the average picture is misleading since the experiences of agriculture on the one hand and industry and services on the other differed greatly. The presence of dissimilar trajectories complicates the task of explaining the pattern of change. The chapter suggests that instead of asking if colonialism and globalization made India rich or poor, we should be asking why colonialism and globalization made some livelihoods rich and left some others poor. Chapter 3 surveys the statistical data that enables asking question like this one.

scholarly journals PSVIII-24 Inbreeding levels of the Line 4 Hereford cattle population

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
Jordan Hieber ◽  
Jennifer Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Montana State University ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Genomic Inbreeding

Abstract Inbreeding is an increasing issue in the beef cattle industry due to increased use of artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET). Inbreeding, or increased relatedness between animals, results in inbreeding depression and its effects have been well documented; reduced performance, reproduction, and profitability. However, there is a lack of understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in inbreeding depression. Long-term linebred populations offer a unique opportunity to better understand this, more specifically the Line 4 Hereford population. The population was established from the Line 1 Hereford population in 1962 and has been maintained by the Montana State University (MSU) Northern Agricultural Research Center (NARC) near Havre, MT since its establishment. Inbreeding was estimated using a complete pedigree (FPED) and genomic information on a subset of the population. A pedigree containing 3,453 animals was constructed covering years 1962 – 2018 and was used to calculate FCPED. Animals were selected for genotyping based on genetic contributions and availability. 241 semen, tissue, and blood samples were collected and genotyped with the Illumina Bovine GGP 50K BeadChip. Genomic inbreeding (FG) and pedigree inbreeding (FGPED) were evaluated for the 241 genotyped animals. Average rate of change in inbreeding per year was also evaluated. Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) analysis was performed in Golden Helix SVS v8.8.3. ROH were defined as a minimum run length of 500 kb with a minimum of 20 SNP. Inbreeding ranges were 0 – 34%, 0 – 98%, and 0 – 27% and the average inbreeding was 10.0%, 11.4%, and 15.3% for FPED, FG, and FGPED, respectively. The average rate of change in inbreeding per year was 0.3% over 57 years. Initial analysis found 30 regions identified by ROH, indicating that we can use ROH analysis and potentially Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to identify regions of the genome being impacted by inbreeding depression.

Aptitudes germinatives comparées de graines de Rumex acetosella issues de populations correspondant à des stades distincts d'une succession postculturale

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1381-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Escarré ◽  
C. Houssard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flowering Rate ◽  
Mother Plants

Germination of Rumex acetosella L. was studied under a variety of experimental conditions to determine whether populations from old fields of different ages (fallow for 6 months to 15 years) differed in seed weight and germination rate and in plant biomass and flowering rate of the resulting plants. Fresh seeds collected from these natural populations showed differences in germination that varied with the date of harvest and the number of years since the field was last cultivated: seeds of the youngest population harvested in July germinated the best and were lighter than those of the other populations. Different fertilizer levels applied during the growth of the mother plants from seeds collected in the original old fields affected the mean weight and the germination rate of the resulting seeds, regardless of the density of cultivation of the mother plant. However, the effect of different fertilizer levels on mean seed weight varied with the origin of each population. Heavy seeds (mean weight > 0.6 mg) of mother plants from the populations of fields abandoned over 2 years ago germinated better than light seeds (mean weight < 0.6 mg). There was no significant difference between heavy and light seeds in terms of percent germination for seeds from mother plants that came from the "youngest" field. These differences in germination rate observed in field-collected seeds were also found in light seeds of the offspring generation: light seeds of the mother plant from the population belonging to the more recently abandoned old field germinated the best. Plants grown from heavy seeds that came from the other populations of older fields had more biomass than those resulting from light seeds. This difference has not been observed between individuals resulting from light and heavy seeds of the youngest population. On the other hand, these individuals had a higher flowering rate than those resulting from the older populations. These results are interpreted in relation to the successional status of the populations: high flowering and early germination rates are suitable characteristics for establishment of plants on bare ground or after a disturbance, whereas heavy seeds with more reserves ensure germination and enough biomass of the resulting plants in density-dependent conditions.

Flowering and fruit set in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in subtropical Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Menzel ◽  
DR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Panicle Development ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The Times ◽  
Female Flowers

The pattern of panicle and flower development of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) trees was studied in subtropical Queensland (lat. 27�S.). The cultivars studied were Tai So at 3 sites, Bengal at 4 sites, Kwai May Pink at 2 sites, Salathiel at 3 sites, and Wai Chee at 2 sites. Tai So was the earliest cultivar, with panicle emergence in late May and flower anthesis in mid September. The other cultivars were 5-7 weeks later. Tai So had a longer period of flower anthesis than the other cultivars (4 weeks v. 1-3 weeks). Cultivars Tai So and Bengal generally had longer panicles than cvv. Kwai May Pink, Salathiel and Wai Chee (17-32 v. 10-14 cm), and more flowers per panicle (1800-3400 v. 400-900). Similarly, the number of fruit per panicle ranged from 7-33/panicle 2-3 weeks after the end of flowering, to 4-22/panicle at harvest. The proportion of female flowers setting fruit ranged from 2.1 to 19.5%. Similar estimates for fruit carried to harvest ranged from 0.8 to 6.8%. Variations in the times of panicle emergence, panicle development, and anthesis among the cultivars in relation to seasonal progressions in temperature affected the number of fruit set. The number of fruit set per panicle increased as the number of female flowers per panicle increased. Higher numbers of female flowers were associated with maximum temperatures during flower development of 18�C, with lower numbers at 23�C. Higher maximum temperatures during anthesis (30�C v. 24�C) increased the proportion of female flowers setting fruit.

The Life System of Cardiaspina Albitextura (Psyllidae), 1950-74.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Clark ◽  
MJ Dallwitz
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

In 1958-63 and 1964-71 the life systems of four kinds of test-forming psyllid that coexist on Eucalyptus blakelyi were investigated intensively in a comparative study of insect abundance. This paper deals mainly with C. albitextura, which was kept under observation from 1950 to 1974. (The others were two species of Glycaspis, Spondyliaspis sp, and Creiis costatus.) The results indicate that the differences in maximal abundance reached by the four kinds of psyllid are mainly the outcome of differences in their ability tg utilize the leaves of the host plant as a source of food, C. albitextura being much more effective than the other species. For the latter, it appears that the principal environmental determinant of abundance was the number of feeding places where nymphs could survive long enough to complete development. That number varied according to foliage and weather. C. albitextura also differed from the other species by having its population densities held for long periods far below the levels at which the food supply would be limiting, by restrictions imposed upon reproduction by adverse weather and foliage conditions (the latter being due partly to poor synchronization between the emergence of adults in spring and the occurrence of foliage attractive for oviposition), and by high mortalities due to natural enemies. The life system of C. albitextura lacks an element that can stabilize abundance at low population densities, but adverse environmental influences usually limit the rate of increase greatly when abundance is low. The magnitude of the average rate of increase to high levels of population density, and the length of time for which high average densities are maintained, depend upon the frequency with which favourable conditions of weather, foliage and predation combine to promote both survival and reproduction.

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