scholarly journals CELLULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF 3 SWEET CHERRIES WITH DIFFERENT SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO RAIN CRACKING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 667f-667
Author(s):  
M. Meheriuk ◽  
D.-L. McKenzie ◽  
L. Veto
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Electron microscopic studies were conducted on `Sue', `Lapins' and `Van' sweet cherry cultivars which have a high, moderate and low resistance to rain cracking, respectively. Epidermal and hypodermal cells showed differences in size and number. Sue, the resistant cultivar, contained an additional thin elongated cell rich in protein matter, in the hypodermal layer. The three cultivars also showed differences in the cell walls and vacuoles. However, mineral content of the epidermal and hypodermal layers showed no relationship to incidence of fruit cracking.

scholarly journals Malic Acid Promotes Cracking of Sweet Cherry Fruit

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Winkler ◽  
Max Ossenbrink ◽  
Moritz Knoche
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Cherry Juice ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Reaction Chain

When mature sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) came into contact with sweet cherry juice, cracking dramatically increased. The objectives of our study were: 1) to quantify the cracking of fruit in cherry juice, 2) to determine which constituent(s) of the juice especially promote cracking and, 3) to establish its/their mode of action in promoting cracking. Artificial juice was made up as an aqueous solution of the same five pure chemicals and at the same relative concentrations as the five major osmolytes of real sweet cherry juice. Artificial and real juice was used at half-isotonic concentrations as the real juice from that batch of fruit. Cracking of sweet cherries placed in either artificial or real juice was more rapid and occurred for lower net water uptakes than of fruit placed in half-isotonic polyethylene glycol 6000. The crack-promoting component in sweet cherry juice was malic acid. Further tests with malic acid, and other organic acids, and with different concentrations of malic acid, with and without pH control, and with the enantiomers of malic acid, showed the effects were primarily related to the pH of the incubation solution. Leakage of anthocyanin from discs of flesh was increased in the presence of malic acid and greater in hypotonic than hypertonic solutions, suggesting that malic acid increases the permeability of the plasma membrane and tonoplast and weakens the cell walls. Malic acid may be an important link (amplifier) in a reaction chain that begins with the bursting of individual epidermal cells and ends with the formation of macroscopic skin cracks.

scholarly journals Multi-year analyses on three populations reveal the first stable QTLs for tolerance to rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Quero-García ◽  
Philippe Letourmy ◽  
José Antonio Campoy ◽  
Camille Branchereau ◽  
Svetoslav Malchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

AbstractRain-induced fruit cracking is a major problem in sweet cherry cultivation. Basic research has been conducted to disentangle the physiological and mechanistic bases of this complex phenomenon, whereas genetic studies have lagged behind. The objective of this work was to disentangle the genetic determinism of rain-induced fruit cracking. We hypothesized that a large genetic variation would be revealed, by visual field observations conducted on mapping populations derived from well-contrasted cultivars for cracking tolerance. Three populations were evaluated over 7–8 years by estimating the proportion of cracked fruits for each genotype at maturity, at three different areas of the sweet cherry fruit: pistillar end, stem end, and fruit side. An original approach was adopted to integrate, within simple linear models, covariates potentially related to cracking, such as rainfall accumulation before harvest, fruit weight, and firmness. We found the first stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cherry fruit cracking, explaining percentages of phenotypic variance above 20%, for each of these three types of cracking tolerance, in different linkage groups, confirming the high complexity of this trait. For these and other QTLs, further analyses suggested the existence of at least two-linked QTLs in each linkage group, some of which showed confidence intervals close to 5 cM. These promising results open the possibility of developing marker-assisted selection strategies to select cracking-tolerant sweet cherry cultivars. Further studies are needed to confirm the stability of the reported QTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments and to narrow down the QTL confidence intervals, allowing the exploration of underlying candidate genes.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Sweet Cherry Cultivars to Rain Induced Fruit Cracking in the Region of Sarajevo

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Mirjana Stojanović ◽  
Dragan Milatović ◽  
Mirko Kulina ◽  
Zlatka Alić – Džanović
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Gisela 5

Susceptibility of 5 sweet cherry cultivars, grafted on Gisela 5, to rain induced fruit cracking was studied in the region of Sarajevo, during a two – year period (2010 – 2011). Testing of fruit cracking was done using index by Christensen. During the testing period, significant differences in susceptibility to fruit cracking among both the cultivars and the years of testing were found. All the cultivars had the highest fruit cracking index in 2010 year. The highest susceptibility to rain induced fruit cracking was evidenced in cultivar ‘Burlat’ during both years. Cultivars ‘Kordia’, ‘Regina’, ‘Karina’ and ‘Schneider's Spӓte Knorpelkirsche’ were moderately susceptible to fruit cracking.

scholarly journals The Profile and Content of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Local and Commercial Sweet Cherry Fruits (Prunus avium L.) and Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽  
Alicja Ponder ◽  
Ewelina Hallmann ◽  
Agnieszka Głowacka ◽  
Elżbieta Rozpara
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Prunus Avium L

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the content of a number of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits of selected local and commercial sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars. The experiment showed that the selected cultivars of sweet cherries differ significantly in the content of polyphenolic compounds and carotenoids. The fruits of commercial sweet cherry cultivars were, on average, richer in polyphenols (the sum of phenolic compounds determined chromatographically), flavonoids, as well as anthocyanins and were characterized by higher antioxidant activity when compared to the local, traditional cultivars. In the group of the traditional sweet cherry cultivars, particular attention could be paid to Black Late cv., showing the highest antioxidant activity of fruits. In the group of commercial sweet cherry cultivars, Cordia and Sylvia fruits could be recognized as being rich in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. Yellow skin cultivars were characterized by the highest concentrations of carotenoids. Strong positive correlations between the identified bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits were also found. Although different cultivars of sweet cherries show a high variability in phenolics and carotenoids profiles as well as in the antioxidant activity of fruits, they all should be, similarly to other types of cherries, recognized as a rich source of bioactive compounds with an antioxidant potential.

BACTERIAL CANKER OF SWEET CHERRY IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA OF ONTARIO: PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES INVOLVED AND CULTIVAR SUSCEPTIBILITIES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAYNE R. ALLEN ◽  
VICTOR A. DIRKS
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Breeding For Resistance ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Bacterial canker of sweet cherries in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario is caused by at least two species or physiotypes of Pseudomonas bacteria. Biochemical tests indicated that the species are similar to English isolates of P. morsprunorum Wormald and P. syringae van Hall. Pathogenicity tests on nine sweet cherry cultivars and on seedlings of apple, pear, peach and mahaleb and mazzard cherry indicated that Ontario P. morsprunorum and P. syringae isolates are pathogenically distinct. Comparative tests with English and Ontario isolates indicated close pathogenic similarities among isolates of P. morsprunorum, whereas isolates of P. syringae appeared to be distinct races. Susceptibility trials with sweet cherry indicated that Ontario grown cultivars are sufficiently sensitive to both bacterial species to consider the disease a serious problem in cherry production. Moreover, the existence of at least two pseudomonas species in Ontario with distinct pathogenicity patterns in sweet cherry indicates that breeding for resistance will be a difficult task.

Resistance of sweet cherry cultivars to fruit surface pitting

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Peter Toivonen ◽  
Sabina Stan ◽  
Darrell-Lee McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Prunus Avium L

A recently developed technique was used to determine the susceptibility to fruit surface pitting of new sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars and compare them to an industry standard. The cultivars tested included Bing (industry standard), Cristalina, Lapins, Sandra Rose, Santina, Skeena, Sonata, Staccato, and Sweetheart. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity, injured, held at 1°C for 2 wk and then rated for fruit surface pitting. The cultivars Lapins, Skeena, Staccato, and Sweetheart had less pitting than Bing. Cristalina and Sonata tended to have similar levels of injury to Bing and Sandra Rose and Santina tended to have more severe pitting than Bing. Key words: Sweet cherries, cultivars, simulated pitting injury

scholarly journals Sweet cherry fruit cracking: follow-up testing methods and cultivar-metabolic screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Michailidis ◽  
Evangelos Karagiannis ◽  
Georgia Tanou ◽  
Eirini Sarrou ◽  
Katerina Karamanoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Metabolic Screening ◽  
Physiological Problem ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract Background: Rain-induced fruit cracking is a major physiological problem in most sweet cherry cultivars. For an in vivocracking assay, the ‘Christensen method’ (cracking evaluation following fruit immersion in water) is commonly used; however, this test does not adequately simulate environmental conditions.Herein, we have designed and evaluated a cracking protocol, named ‘Waterfall method’, in which fruits are continuously wetted under controlled conditions. Results: The application of this method alone, or in combination with ‘Christensen method, was shown to be a reliable approach to characterize sweet cherry cracking behavior. Seventeen cherry cultivars were tested for their cracking behavior using both protocols, and primary as well as secondary metabolites identification was performed in skin tissue using a combined GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS platform. Significant variations of some of the detected metabolites were discovered and important cracking index–metabolite correlations were identified. Conclusions: We have established an alternative/complementary method of cherry cracking characterization alongside to Christiansen assay.

scholarly journals Study of some abiotic factors and their influence on the yield and quality of four cherry cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Dimitar Vasilev ◽  
Maria Kaschieva
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Range Of Values

AbstractThe study was performed at the Experimental Station of Agriculture - Khan Krum in the period 2018-2019. The experimental plantation was established in 2001, the early Bigareau Burlat, middle early Bing and the late Germersdorfer and Van were tested. The planting material was produced on a mahaleb rootstock. The distance of planting was 6 meters interrow spacing and 5 meters intrarow spacing. The experiment was based on three replications each of them reported on a separate tree. When analyzing the frost percentage of flowers, 400 blossoms were taken from three levels of the crown of each tree, the same number of fruits were taken to determine the cracking percentage. Percentage of damaged blossoms, yield kg/ha and percentage of fruit cracking as a result of fallen rains during harvest were established. The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of abiotic factors on the yield and quality of four sweet cherry cultivars. In this regard, the frost percentage in the range of values was 67,3 - 100%. Bigareau Burlat yield was not obtained, and it was relatively low from Germersdorf and Bing (20,1 - 24,6 kg/ha) at Van 84,6 kg/ha. The number of cracked fruits due to fallen rains during harvest was relatively high in Van and Bing (39,8 - 47,4%), while in the Germersdorf cultivar it was lower - 21,2%.

scholarly journals Wild and Rare Self-Incompatibility Allele S17 Found in 24 Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Kivistik ◽  
Liina Jakobson ◽  
Kersti Kahu ◽  
Kristiina Laanemets
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Consensus Primers

AbstractThe pollination of self-incompatible diploid sweet cherry is determined by the S-locus alleles. We resolved the S-alleles of 50 sweet cherry cultivars grown in Estonia and determined their incompatibility groups, which were previously unknown for most of the tested cultivars. We used consensus primers SI-19/20, SI-31/32, PaConsI, and PaConsII followed by allele-specific primers and sequencing to identify sweet cherry S-genotypes. Surprisingly, 48% (24/50) of the tested cultivars, including 17 Estonian cultivars, carry the rare S-allele S17, which had initially been described in wild sweet cherries in Belgium and Germany. The S17-allele in Estonian cultivars could originate from ‘Leningradskaya tchernaya’ (S6|S17), which has been extensively used in Estonian sweet cherry breeding. Four studied cultivars carrying S17 are partly self-compatible, whereas the other 20 cultivars with S17 have not been reported to be self-compatible. The recommended pollinator of seven self-incompatible sweet cherries is of the same S-genotype, including four with S17-allele, suggesting heritable reduced effectiveness of self-infertility. We classified the newly genotyped sweet cherry cultivars into 15 known incompatibility groups, and we proposed four new incompatibility groups, 64–67, for S-locus genotypes S3|S17, S4|S17, S5|S17, and S6|S17, respectively, which makes them excellent pollinators all across Europe. Alternatively, the frequency of S17 might be underestimated in Eastern European populations and some currently unidentified sweet cherry S-alleles might potentially be S17.

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