scholarly journals A Whole-tree System for Gas-exchange Studies

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Corelli-Grappadelli ◽  
E. Magnanini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Cost System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Whole Tree

Based on a commercially available net photosynthesis (Pn) unit coupled to a custom-built chamber that does not require air conditioning, a low-cost system to measure whole-tree gas exchange in the field is described. The temperature in the chamber is influenced by air flow in relation to tree size. A flow of 20 liters·s-1 (equal to ≈1.5 chamber volume changes/min) was sufficient to maintain the leaves of an 11-year-old `Golden Delicious'/M.27 tree at a temperature similar to that of the ambient air and control CO2 gradients in the chamber. The system has been in operation on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees for up to 4 months without modifying tree behavior.

Design and testing of twig chambers for ozone fumigation and gas exchange measurements in mature trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm M. Havranek ◽  
Gerhard Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Chamber System ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Diurnal Courses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Design And Testing

SynopsisA twig chamber system was developed for the exposure of mature trees to ozone (O3) under field conditions. The fumigation system allowed the exact control of O3 concentrations in the chambers, the measurement of O3 uptake as well as gas exchange measurements under ambient and controlled conditions during and after O3 fumigation. Because of differences in individual twigs the system should provide the exposure of replicates to different O3 treatments. Tests showed that temperature, humidity and O3 concentrations inside the chambers were comparable with diurnal courses observed in the field. Comparative gas exchange measurements indicated that there were no differences in net photosynthesis and conductance of twigs outside the chambers and twigs which remained within the chambers for 23 weeks receiving ambient air.

scholarly journals An Automated Chamber System for Measurements of Whole-vine Gas Exchange

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Poni ◽  
E. Magnanini ◽  
B. Rebucci
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Automated Measurements ◽  
System Interfaces ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

The reported system interfaces a commercially available portable infrared gas analyzer with a measurement and control module for continuous and automated measurements of whole-canopy gas exchange. Readings were taken for several days, under mostly sunny or partly cloudy conditions, on two potted vines (total leaf area per vine of ≈1.3 m2) enclosed in inflated polyethylene chambers. The air flow rate through the chambers was provided by a centrifugal blower and set at 5 L·s-1 by a butterfly valve. It prevented ΔCO2 from dropping below –40 mL·L-1. Switching of the two CO2 analysis channels to the infrared gas analyzer (operated in a differential mode) was achieved by solenoid valves, whereas wet and dry-bulb temperatures at chambers' inlet and outlet were measured by low-cost, custom-made thermocouple psychrometers. Whole-vine assimilation rate (WVA) and whole-vine transpiration rate were calculated from the inlet—outlet differences in CO2 and absolute humidity. When compared to assimilation measured on single leaves (SLA) under saturating light at equivalent times, the WVA reduction (area basis) was ≈50%, suggesting that whole-canopy photosynthetic efficiency based on SLA readings can be greatly overestimated.

scholarly journals A review on industrial automation system

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.7) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kranthi Madala ◽  
Dr K.V. Daya Sagar
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

The prospect to build robust industrial systems & applications in the field of RFID, mobile &sensor devices, wireless, Internet of Things (IOT) has been provided. In very modern years many IOT applications have been increasingly developed and deployed. In our day to day life controlling and monitoring plays a major role now a days. Using advanced technologies we can monitor and control everything. Be-cause of high speed internet a wonderful feature that came into picture is Remote access. The main objective of this proposed system is for those who are away from their industry and want to control devices by providing technology oriented and low cost system.  

scholarly journals Development of a Low-Cost System for Laparoscopic Skills Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 04 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1942002
Author(s):  
Jui-Te Lin ◽  
Shanglei Liu ◽  
Arielle Lee ◽  
Ryan Broderick ◽  
Garth Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Laparoscopic Skills Training ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
New System

Technological advancements in video equipment and biocompatible materials have enabled improvements in complex surgery through small incisions. The mastery of these laparoscopic surgical techniques is now a requirement for surgeons, however, the necessary skills are not intuitive and require hundreds of practice hours. The current state of surgical education includes animate models, inanimate physical models, and computer-based simulations, the latter of which are limited by cost, accessibility, and a lack of engagement. We propose a novel low-cost training interface that mimics the laparoscopic surgical environment using customized instruments whose movement and control are used as inputs for video games. The system is significantly less expensive than commercial systems and allows users freedom to select and play any game, enabling a take-home system with potential for higher levels of engagement, as well as familiarity and expertise with ambidextrous laparoscopic hand motion. A preliminary study compared performance on FLS (Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery) testing before and after training. For a precision cutting task, groups that trained on a standard simulator or on the new system with either a noninverted or inverted hand-instrument mapping showed statistically significant improvements, warranting further investigation of training with this new system.

scholarly journals New “Smart” Systems for Atmospheric Aerosol and Reactive Gas Sampling in Ambient Air

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cristofanelli ◽  
Maurizio Busetto ◽  
Enrico Ronchi ◽  
Paolo Miatto ◽  
Angela Marinoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Sampling Artifacts ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Correct Execution ◽  
Reactive Gases ◽  
And Control

Nowadays a recognized need for accurate observations of atmospheric aerosols (AEs) and reactive gases (RGs) exists in the framework of regional, national and global near-surface networks based on permanent or mobile measurement stations. In this context, a paramount and not-trivial issue is related to the correct execution of continuous sampling of ambient air and its subsequent distribution to measurement analyzers hosted inside the stations. Sampling artifacts must be minimized for obtaining reliable pictures of ambient air composition. To respond to this need, a suite of novel “smart” and relatively low-cost systems for the continuous sampling of ambient air was developed in the framework of the Project I-AMICA (2012 – 2015, www.i-amica.eu). These systems were designed to execute AE and RG measurements according with WMO/GAW and ACTRIS recommendations and standard operation procedures. A particular attention was dedicated to the stabilization and control of the sampling flow rates and temperatures. The analysis of one full year of operations at the WMO/GAW regional station of Capo Granitola (GAW ID: CGR, Italy), allowed to conclude that these systems are effective in meeting the technical requirements for correct execution of AE and RG measurements

scholarly journals New “Smart” Systems for Atmospheric Aerosol and Reactive Gas Sampling in Ambient Air

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cristofanelli ◽  
Maurizio Busetto ◽  
Enrico Ronchi ◽  
Paolo Miatto ◽  
Angela Marinoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Correct Execution ◽  
Reactive Gases ◽  
And Control

Nowadays a recognized need for accurate observations of atmospheric aerosols (AEs) and reactive gases (RGs) exists in the framework of regional, national and global near-surface networks based on permanent or mobile measurement stations. In this context, a paramount and not-trivial issue is related to the correct execution of continuous sampling of ambient air and its subsequent distribution to measurement analyzers hosted inside the stations. Sampling artifacts must be minimized for obtaining reliable pictures of ambient air composition. To respond to this need, a suite of novel “smart” and relatively low-cost systems for the continuous sampling of ambient air was developed in the framework of the 2012–2015 I-AMICA Project. These systems were designed to execute AE and RG measurements according with WMO/GAW and ACTRIS recommendations and standard operation procedures. A particular attention was dedicated to the stabilization and control of the sampling flow rates and temperatures. The analysis of one full year of operations at the WMO/GAW regional station of Capo Granitola (GAW ID: CGR, Italy), allowed to conclude that these systems are effective in meeting the technical requirements for correct execution of AE and RG measurements.

Low-Cost System Handles Patient Phone Calls

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
BRUCE K. DIXON
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Phone Calls

Intelligent, low-cost system for fume control during laser material processing

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Sattari ◽  
Stephan Barcikowski ◽  
Thomas Püster ◽  
Andreas Ostendorf ◽  
Heinz Haferkamp
Keyword(s):  
Material Processing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Material Processing ◽  
Laser Material ◽  
Cost System

Identificación de polaridad de los devanados en un motor trifásico de 6 terminales

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
José Luis Viramontes-Reyna ◽  
Josafat Moreno-Silva ◽  
José Guadalupe Montelongo-Sierra ◽  
Erasmo Velazquez-Leyva
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Voltage Reference ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Voltage Phase ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Control

This document presents the results obtained from the application of the law of Lens to correctly identify the polarity of the windings in a three-phase motor with 6 exposed terminals, when the corresponding labeling is not in any situation; Prior to identifying the polarity, it should be considered to have the pairs of the three windings located. For the polarity, it is proposed to feed with a voltage of 12 Vrms to one of the windings, which are identified randomly as W1 and W2, where W1 is connected to the voltage phase of 12 Vrms of the signal and W2 to the voltage reference to 0V; by means of voltage induction and considering the law of Lens, the remaining 4 terminals can be identified and labeled as V1, V2, U1 and U2. For this process a microcontroller and control elements with low cost are used.

Restoring and Controlling the Water Pollution of Endangered River in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Pabna City

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Abu Sadath ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Hosne Ara ◽  
Abdulla-Al Kafy
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Local Community ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Riverfront Development

Rivers are the lifeline of Bangladesh economy and serve as the source of water supply, fisheries, irrigation for agriculture, low-cost transport, generate electricity and conserve biodiversity. The Ichamati River situated in Pabna, Bangladesh is also a blessing for the city. However, recently, due to the irregular and unplanned activities adjacent to the riverside, the life, flow and water quality of the river is in a vulnerable condition. This study aims to identify the present status of the Ichamati River and provide an effective design approach and policy measures in restoring the river flow and control water pollution. The data was collected from the questioner surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Results suggest that several factors such as the construction of an illegal settlement, unplanned waste dumping, disposal of fiscal sludge through sewerage connection, lack of awareness among people regarding the importance of river biodiversity and absence of riverfront development and conservation plan are responsible for water pollution, inconsistent water flow and damaging the life cycle of Ichamati river. The design approach and policy measures were developed based on the perceptions of local community people, experts and government officials. The suggested policy measures will help to restore the flow of the river and reduce the water pollution, and the design approach will ensure the economic benefit of the riverfront development in future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document