scholarly journals Lettuce Stand Establishment in Response to Soil Amendments and Direct-seeding Treatments

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Dale N. Seale ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Warm Soil

Primed, primed + BA, or nontreated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds were sown with several soil amendment covers or a sandy soil cover (control) to assess stand establishment in three field experiments. Seeds covered with amendments Growsorb LVM 24/48, Growsorb 6/30, and plug-mix had a higher percent emergence than soil-covered seeds in warm soil. Primed seeds (with or without BA) had a higher percent emergence than nontreated seeds. Emergence was more rapid with plug-mix, LVM 24/48, and LVM 6/30 covers than with the sandy soil control. Primed seeds with or without BA also emerged more rapidly and produced heavier seedling shoots than nontreated seeds. Using primed lettuce seeds combined with specific soil amendments can improve lettuce stand establishment under various field conditions. Chemical name used: 6-benzyladenine (BA).

scholarly journals Stand Establishment of Fresh-market Tomatoes Sown at High Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Odell ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Herbert H. Bryan ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Acrylate Copolymer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Emergence Rate

Primed, pregerminated, or nontreated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds were field-sown with several soil amendments to assess stand establishment at high temperatures. Soil amendments did not consistently improve tomato stand establishment. However, covering seeds with a fine-textured calcined montmorillonite clay (Growsorb) resulted in similar or improved total percent emergence, emergence rate, and seedling shoot dry weight as compared to the soil cover (control) for nontreated, primed, or pregerminated seeds. Plug-mix (a peat-vermiculite medium) or gel-mix [a 1:1 mixture (v/v) of plug-mix and gel, starch-acrylate copolymer, or polyacrylate polymer], covered over or mixed with nontreated, primed, or pregerminated seeds, did not consistently improve total percent emergence over the soil cover. However, soil amendments generally resulted in faster emergence than the soil cover. Pregerminated seeds imbibed for 60 or 72 hours at 25C generally resulted in reduced stands compared to primed or nontreated seeds. Moisturized seeds imbibed for 48 hours at 25C had faster emergence and heavier seedling shoots than nontreated seeds, regardless of soil amendment. However, primed seeds generally resulted in faster emergence and more plants with heavier seedling shoot weights than nontreated or pregerminated seeds sown at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Stand Establishment and Yield Responses to Improved Direct-seeding Methods of Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1185-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Odell ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Herbert H. Bryan ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Yield Responses

Primed, pregerminated, or nontreated `FloraDade' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds in combination with several soil amendments were evaluated in three experiments for stand establishment characteristics and fresh-market fruit yields. Total percent emergence, seedling shoot weight, and marketable fruit yield were not consistently improved by GrowSorb, gel-mix, plug-mix covers, or mixtures with seeds as compared with a control (soil cover). However, rate of emergence was generally faster for plots containing primed or pregerminated seeds with soil amendments than for plots with a soil cover. Primed or pregerminated seeds emerged faster, and had higher total percent emergence and heavier seedling shoot weights than nontreated seeds, but there was little difference in response between primed and pregerminated seeds. Plants from the primed or pregerminated plots produced earlier (first harvest) marketable fruit than did plants from nontreated seed plots in one of three experiments. Priming or pregermination of tomato seeds resulted in a more consistently improved stand establishment than soil amendments.

Drip Irrigation and Stand Establishment Affect Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545d-545
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
R.W. Sprague ◽  
A. Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.

Direct-Seeding Techniques for Guayule Stand Establishment in West Texas

jpa ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Foster ◽  
J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
West Texas

scholarly journals Preventing thermoinhibition in a thermosensitive lettuce genotype by seed imbibition at low temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warley Marcos Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Lettuce Seed Germination ◽  
Dark Green

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed germination is strongly temperature dependent and under high temperatures, germination of most of genotypes can be erratic or completely inhibited. Lettuce seeds of 'Dark Green Boston' (DGB) were incubated at temperatures ranging from 15° to 35°C at light and dark conditions. Other seeds were imbibed in dark at 20°; 25°; 30°; and 35°C for 8 and 16 hours and then transferred to 20 or 35°C, in dark. Seeds were also incubated at constant temperature of 20° and 35 °C, in the dark, as control. In another treatment, seeds were primed for 3 days at 15°C with constant light. DGB lettuce seeds required light to germinate adequately at temperatures above 25°C. Seeds incubated at 20°C had 97% germination, whereas seeds incubated at 35°C did not germinate. Seeds imbibed at 20°C for 8 and 16 hours had germination. At 35°C, seeds imbibed initially at 20°C for 8 and 16 hours, had 89 and 97% germination, respectively. Seeds imbibed at 25°C for 16 hours, germinated satisfactory at 35°C. High temperatures of imbibition led to no germination. Primed and non-primed seeds had 100% germination at 20°C. Primed seeds had 100% germination at 35°C, whereas non-primed seeds germinate only 4%. The first hours of imbibition are very critical for lettuce seed germination at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Induction of Dormancy in Nondormant Seeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Moist Chilling ◽  
Dormancy Induction ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

A gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor, tetcyclacis, induced dormancy in nondormant seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), carrot [Daucus carota var. sativus (Hoffn.)], onion (Allium cepa L.), celery (Apium graveolens L.), and impatiens (Impatiens novette), as most of the seeds failed to germinate after washing under conditions that permitted germination before dormancy induction. In lettuce seeds, tetcyclacis and paclobutrazol were more effective in inhibiting germination in light than in darkness. A 16- to 24-h soak treatment with tetcyclacis was sufficient to induce dormancy in nearly all seeds. Tetcyclacis failed to induce dormancy if applied after 6 h presoak in water. Dormancy induced by tetcyclacis was released by GA4+7 (a mixture of gibberellin A4 and A7), light, and moist-chilling treatments. When GA4+7 was applied with tetcyclacis, dormancy induction was prevented under both favorable, e.g., 25C, and unfavorable, e.g., 5C, or low water potential (Ψ), germination conditions. Unlike tetcyclacis, abscisic acid (ABA) failed to induce dormancy in lettuce seeds. Thermodormancy induction in lettuce seeds at 35C was prevented by fluridone. However, neither ABA nor tetcyclacis countered its effect. Dormancy was also induced in lettuce seeds by ancymidol, flurprimidol, or paclobutrazol. Dormancy induced by tetcyclacis in pepper, tomato, carrot, and onion seeds was released by GA4+7, but not by irradiation or moist-chilling. Chemical names used: 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3, 4, 5, 9, 10-pentaazatetracyclo [5.4.102,6.08,11]-dodeca-3, 9-diene (tetcyclacis); 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-1-yl)-3-pentanol (paclobutrazol); α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol (ancymidol); α-(1-methyl)-α-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]-5-pyrimidine-methanol (flurprimidol); 1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4 (1H)-pyridinone (fluridone).

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL COVER ON LAKES IN NORTHERN ESTONIA

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Andres Tonisson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Total Emission ◽  
Soil Horizons

During the summers of 1997-98, in a pine-forested sloping watershed, soil water from calcareous and sandy soil horizons was collected on nine occasions. In total 8 lysimeters were used. The amount of water percolating through sandy test site was up to three times smaller than that through calcareous test site. The influence of soil cover on the percolating water is also significant. The sandy site is able to produce even more diluted water than that originally coming from precipitation. Concentrations of TOC are varying more than the conductivity values. The concentration of TOC on the calcareous site was 2... 2,5 times higher than that on the sandy site. The total emission of TOC from the transitional humus-rich test site could be higher by up to 20 times as compared with sandy site.

scholarly journals Bentonite Clay Mixed With Different N Sources Have Variable Effect on Nitrate Leaching From Sandy Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain ◽  
Cheng Tang ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Riaz A. Khattak ◽  
Chen Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Leaching Fraction

Abstract Nitrate (NO3) leaching from soils results in lower soil fertility, reduced crop productivity and groundwater pollution. The present study determined NO3 leaching from bentonite [0, 2 and 4% (m/m)] treated sandy soil, under three N sources (calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], ammonium chloride [NH4Cl], urea [CO(NH2)2] @ 300 kg N ha-1) with a leaching fraction of 0.3-0.4. Bentonite markedly reduced NO3 release in leachate, while 4% bentonite retained higher NO3 in soil. The NO3 leaching varied with N sources as Ca(NO3)2>NH4Cl>(CO(NH2)2. This study indicated that soil amendment with bentonite could efficiently mitigate NO3 leaching from soil and hence prevent N fertilizer losses and groundwater pollution.

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