BREEDING FOR INSECT RESISTANCE IN SWEETPOTATO

A two year study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of insect resistance in sweetpotato cultivars from our breeding program in combination with an insecticide (fonofos) and/or a parasitic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae). In the laboratory, use of the parasitic nematode resulted in 99% mortality of Diabrotica larvae. In both years, much higher control of damage by all insect classes was achieved by the use of resistant cultivars in combination with a nematode and/or fonofos treatment. Analysis of the first year's field data showed the parasitic nematode treatment gave good damage protection against the WDS (Wireworm, Diabrotica, Systena), sweetpotato flea beetle, but not grubs. In this same year, fonofos only gave good protection against WDS. In the second test year, fonofos gave good protection against WDS, but the nematode did not. High moisture conditions may have affected the efficacy of the parasitic nematode. Host plant resistance by sweetpotato cultivars appears to be less affected by variable field conditions and accounted for 64% of the total crop protection (compared to the check susceptible line).

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Potential of Non-chemical Control Strategies for Reduction of Soil Insect Damage in Sweetpotato

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.118.5.605 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 118 (5) ◽

pp. 605-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J.M. Schalk ◽

J.R. Bohac ◽

P.D. Dukes ◽

W.R. Martin

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Flea Beetle ◽

Crop Protection ◽

First Year ◽

Insect Damage ◽

Resistant Cultivars ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Poor Efficacy

This 2-year study was conducted to determine if soil insect damage could be reduced in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] by treatment with an insecticide (fonofos) and/or a parasitic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser), in conjunction with sweetpotato cultivars that differed in susceptibility to soil insect damage. Analysis of field data for the first year showed that the parasitic nematode provided significant damage protection of sweetpotato from wireworms (Conoderus spp.), Diabrotica sp., Systena sp., and sweetpotato flea beetle (Chaetocnema confinis Crotch), but not from grubs (Plectris aliena Chapin; Phyllophaga ephilida Say). In this same test, fonofos used alone provided protection against wireworm-Diabrotica-Systena (WDS complex) damage. In the second test, the nematode did not provide soil insect protection for the WDS complex, but fonofos did reduce damage for these insects. Poor efficacy in the second test with the nematode probably was due to high rainfall, which saturated the soil. Resistant cultivars provided good protection for all three categories of damage. When used with the insect-susceptible check `SC 1149-19', the nematode or fonofos treatments provided better control for all insect categories in the first test. In both years, much higher control of damage by all insect classes was achieved by the use of resistant cultivars in combination with the nematode and/or fonofos treatment (64% higher crop protection than the susceptible check line). Chemical name used: O-ethyl-S-phenylethylphosphonodithioate [fonofos (Dyfonate 10G)].

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Impact of PC71BM layer on the performance of perovskite solar cells prepared at high moisture conditions using a low temperature annealed ZnO thin film as the electron transport layer

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics ◽

10.1007/s10854-020-04766-w ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos A. Rodríguez-Castañeda ◽

Paola M. Moreno-Romero ◽

D. Mateus Torres-Herrera ◽

Candy A. Enríquez-Alamares ◽

Hugo J. Cortina-Marrero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Electron Transport ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Zno Thin Film ◽

High Moisture ◽

Moisture Conditions

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Bacillus thuringiensisinsecticidal three-domain Cry toxins: mode of action, insect resistance and consequences for crop protection

FEMS Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00341.x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 3-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 347

Author(s):

Liliana Pardo-López ◽

Mario Soberón ◽

Alejandra Bravo

Keyword(s):

Insect Resistance ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Cry Toxins

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Conservation and use of global plant genetic resources for insect resistance

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar02017 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 865 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. S. Quisenberry ◽

S. L. Clement

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Insect Resistance ◽

Crop Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Nutritional Qualities ◽

Genetic Technologies ◽

Total Crop

Insect and mite damage accounts for a significant level (30−70%) of total crop production losses. Conservation and use of plant genetic resources are required to endow crops with pest resistance, as well as to enhance crop yields and nutritional qualities. Advancements in molecular genetic technologies have the potential to facilitate the introgression of insect resistance genes from conserved and unadapted germplasm into cultivated crops. Long−term food security and the sustainability of agricultural productivity worldwide can be enhanced with the conservation and use of global plant genetic resources.

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Production and Germination of Conidia of Trichoderma stromaticum, a Mycoparasite of Crinipellis perniciosa on Cacao

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2002.92.10.1032 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 1032-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S. Sanogo ◽

A. Pomella ◽

P. K. Hebbar ◽

B. Bailey ◽

J. C. B. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

High Moisture ◽

Crinipellis Perniciosa ◽

Broom Disease ◽

Moisture Conditions ◽

Incubation Temperatures

Growth characteristics of the fungus Trichoderma stromaticum, a mycoparasite on the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Crinipellis perniciosa, the causal agent of witches'-broom disease of cacao, were evaluated under controlled environmental conditions. The ability of T. stromaticum to produce conidia and germinate on dry brooms was evaluated at three constant temperatures (20, 25, and 30°C) and two constant relative humidities (75 and 100%). T. stromaticum produced abundant conidia on brooms at 100% relative humidity and incubation temperatures of 20 and 25°C, but none at 30°C. Sporulation of T. stromaticum was not observed at 75% relative humidity at any temperature. At 100% relative humidity and either at 20 or 25°C, treatment of brooms with T. stromaticum suppressed C. perniciosa within 7 days. In contrast, at 30°C, treatment with T. stromaticum had no effect on the pathogen in brooms maintained at either 75 or 100% relative humidity. Mycelium of C. perniciosa grew from brooms at all temperatures at 100% relative humidity. Conidial germination on broom tissue approximated 80% at temperatures from 20 to 30°C. Results suggest that applying T. stromaticum under high-moisture conditions when the air temperature is below 30°C may enhance the establishment of this mycoparasite in cacao plantations.

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Protein production and nitrogen utilization by barley cultivars in response to nitrogen fertilizer under varying moisture conditions

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-142 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 997-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

C. A. Grant ◽

L. E. Gauer ◽

L. D. Bailey ◽

D. T. Gehl

Keyword(s):

Protein Concentration ◽

N Uptake ◽

Protein Yield ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

High Moisture ◽

Total N ◽

Barley Cultivars ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Moisture Conditions ◽

N Use

In a 3-yr field experiment, six barley cultivars — one conventional height malting type, two semidwarf, two conventional height, and one short feed type — were grown at three sites, with six nitrogen application rates ranging from 0 to 200 kg ha−1, to determine the effects of cultivar and N level on N utilization under varying moisture conditions. Nine site-years of data were divided into three levels, low, moderate, and high, based on estimated moisture supply. As moisture level increased, protein concentration of the barley cultivars decreased, while protein yield and total N uptake increased. Cultivars with higher grain yield tended to be lower in protein concentration, but higher in protein yield, total N uptake and N use efficiency than those with lower grain yields. Differences among the cultivars in protein concentration were greater at low than high moisture levels, while differences due to N application were greater at high than low moisture levels. Within the range of N applied, nitrogen use efficiency decreased at high N levels under low and moderate moisture conditions, but was relatively constant at high moisture levels. Protein concentration response to N applications differed slightly among cultivars at all moisture levels, but cultivar by N level interactions in protein yield response only occurred under high moisture conditions. Cultivars respond similarly to N applications in terms of straw N concentration, total N uptake and N use efficiency. Key words: N, nitrogen, barley (Hordeum vulgare), moisture, protein, N use efficiency

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Addition of Pullulan to Trehalose Glasses Improves the Stability of β-Galactosidase at High Moisture Conditions

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.084 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 176 ◽

pp. 374-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Naomi Teekamp ◽

Yu Tian ◽

J. Carolina Visser ◽

Peter Olinga ◽

Henderik W. Frijlink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Moisture ◽

The Stability ◽

Moisture Conditions

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Evaluation of Sweetpotato Clones for Soil Insect Damage

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.12.1548 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 1548-1549 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James M. Schalk ◽

Philip D. Dukes ◽

Alfred Jones ◽

Robert L. Jarret

Keyword(s):

Insect Resistance ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Flea Beetle ◽

Insect Damage ◽

Root Damage

The reactions of eight sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] introductions were categorized for root damage by wireworms, Diabrotica sp., Systena sp. (WDS), sweetpotato flea beetle (SPFB), and grubs. Clones were compared with resistant (`Regal') and susceptible (`SC-1149-19') entries. The number of resistant clones for the WDS, SPFB, and grubs were three, four, and one, respectively, intermediate five, four, and one, and susceptible zero, zero, and six, respectively. This test demonstrated that significant levels of soil insect resistance exist in these sweetpotato introductions for use by plant breeders.

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Excess Moisture and Seedcoat Nicking Influence Germination of Triploid Watermelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1355 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1355-1356 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.L. Grange ◽

D.I. Leskovar ◽

L.M. Pike ◽

B.G. Cobb

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

High Moisture ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Water Conditions ◽

Air Space ◽

Excess Moisture ◽

Diploid Cultivar ◽

Triploid Watermelon ◽

Moisture Conditions ◽

Excessive Water

Poor and inconsistent germination is a problem in triploid watermelon. Nicking was shown effective in improving germination in triploid cultivars. In this experiment, we examined the effects of high and low medium moisture, and nicking on diploid and triploid seed germination. Germination for the diploid cultivar was unaffected by any treatment. At high moisture conditions, triploid seed germination was severely reduced to less than 15%, while nicking significantly improved germination up to 40%. However, this increase is still not commercially acceptable. When seed morphological components were measured for each cultivar, triploid seeds had a larger and highly variable air space as compared to the diploid seed. The data confirm that seed germination is not inhibited by the seedcoat alone, but appears to be highly sensitive to excessive water conditions.

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