scholarly journals Flowering Responses of Easter Cactus Clones at Optimal and Supraoptimal Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-616
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Supraoptimal Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Short Days

The effects of temperature and clonal genotype on flowering of Easter cactus (Rhipsalidopsis Britton & Rose) were investigated in two experiments. Plants of `Crimson Giant', `Evita', `Purple Pride', and `Red Pride' were exposed to 6 weeks of either 10C or 18C night temperature (NT) under 9- to 9.5-hour natural daylengths (ND), and afterwards were forced at 18C NT and long days (LD). All clones produced fewer flowers when exposed to 18C and ND as compared with 10C and ND; however, the clones varied significantly in their flowering responses. Relative to 10C NT and ND, exposure to 18C NT and ND resulted in an 84% to 95% decrease in the number of flower buds for `Evita', `Purple Pride', and `Red Pride', but only a 50% decrease in the number of flower buds for `Crimson Giant'. In another experiment, 23 clones were exposed to 18C NT and 8-hour short days for 6 weeks, then forced at 18C NT and LD. The clones exhibited differences in percentage of plants flowering, days to flowering, percentage of apical phylloclades flowering, and number of flower buds. `Crimson Giant' outperformed all other clones. Further breeding and selection may yield genotypes that flower more prolifically at 18C minimum than current cultivars.

Jojoba flower buds: temperature and photoperiod effects in breaking dormancy

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Dunstone
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Desert Shrub ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis [Link] Schneid.) is a long-lived desert shrub, valued for the liquid wax which makes up 50% of the seed weight. As attempts are being made to domesticate the species, it is important to understand the environmental factors controlling the reproductive cycle and governing seed yield. The effects of temperature and photoperiod in breaking flower bud dormancy were studied on plants growing under well-watered conditions in controlled environments. Plants 42-48 months old produced only dormant flower buds when growing in 27/22� to 36/31�C day/night temperature. When the plants were moved to lower temperatures of 24/19� or 18/13�, every plant produced a flowering flush. In two experiments, clonal material was grown at either 30/25� or 36/3l�C, then moved to lower temperature treatments. Down to the lowest temperature used (18/13�), the greater the drop in temperature, the greater the number of flowers which opened. Flowering occurred under both short (8 h) or long (16 h) photoperiods. There was a critical temperature in the region of 27/22� to 30/25�, above which no flowering occurred. Flowering was not dependent on a large diurnal temperature range, but occurred only if the plants were subjected to a low temperature for at least 21 days.

MEFLUIDIDE IMPROVED THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERMINAL FLOWER BUDS OF CHILLED PEPPER PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1081G-1081
Author(s):  
Jing-fen Chen ◽  
Paul H. Li ◽  
David W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Stress Growth ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Post Stress ◽  
Pepper Plants

Exposure of young pepper plants to chilling temperatures delays the development of terminal flower buds to flowering during post-stress growth. Degree of adverse influence depends on chilling intensity, exposure duration and varietal sensitivity. `Ma Belle' pepper plants were grown in a greenhouse (GH) during winter months on the St. Paul campus, No supplemental lighting was provided. When plants were at the 2- to 3-leaf stage, they were foliar sprayed with mefluidide (Technical grade) at 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm. One day after treatment, some plants were transferred from GH to a cold room (3° ∼4°C day/night) with 12-h photoperiod. Treatad plants remaining in the GH served as the control. Plants were chilled for 1, 2, 4 and 6 days and then brought back to the GH for post-stress growth and development observation. Treated and untreated plants grown in the GH showed no difference in days to flowering, and reached 50% flowering at about 62 days after treatment. When untreated plants were chilled for 1,2,4 and 6 days, they showed a delay of 8, 18, 30 and 34 days, respectively, to flowering, If not killed, as compared to the control The long delay to flowering was due to the injury of the terminal flower buds. After 4 and 6 days of chilling, most terminal flower buds were killed. However, when plants were treated with mefluidide and subsequently chilled days to flowering were significantly shortened. A difference of 10-12 days was observed between chilled untreated plants and chilled treated plants. Concentrations of 5 to 15 ppm were equally effective in protection against chilling.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Carbon Partitioning, and Reproductive Development in Rabbiteye Blueberry

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Bloom Period ◽  
Short Days

Containerized `Climax' and `Beckyblue' rabbiteye blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were exposed to 5 weeks of natural daylengths or shortened daylengths starting 30 Sept. `Beckyblue' plants exposed to short daylengths in the fall initiated more flower buds and had a shorter, more concentrated bloom period than did plants exposed to natural fall daylengths. Reproductive development of `Climax' was not influenced by photoperiod treatments. Leaf carbon assimilation of both cultivars increased under short days. Partitioning of translocated 14C-labeled assimilates to stem tissue increased under short photoperiods for `Beckyblue'; however, partitioning patterns in `Climax' were not affected. Increased carbon fixation and increased partitioning of carbon to stem tissue under short days may contribute to the observed effect of short days on enhancing reproductive development in `Beckyblue'.

scholarly journals Selection for wide temperature adaptation in Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
J. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Selected Abstract ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Or Low Temperature ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat ◽  
Short Days

Rooted cuttings of commercial cvs were grown to flowering at five temperatures and the the number of short days to flowering was recorded. The optimum temperature for rapid flowering varied between cvs. The number of days to flowering at the optimum temperature was not related to the delay in flowering caused by either high or low temperature. In many cvs the delay in flowering at low temperature was accompanied by a similar delay at high temperature. It was concluded that for the character 'time to flowering' genotypes should preferably be selected at low temperatures. If low temperature cannot be realized, only rapidly flowering genotypes should be selected. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Some factors affecting the development and biocontrol of cotton seedling disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Ogle ◽  
AM Stirling ◽  
PJ Dart
Keyword(s):  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effects of temperature and cultivar on disease development in cotton were investigated in addition to the duration of susceptibility to infection and the timing of infection by Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani. Symptom development was also monitored. Disease was more severe at day/night temperature regimes of 20/15, 25/20, and 30/25�C than at 35/30�C. Disease development differed significantly between cotton cvv. Deltapine 90 and Siokra 1-4 at 30/25�C and 35/30�C. In glasshouse trials in field soil, both R. solani and P ultimum were isolated from seeds as early as 2 h after inoculation, although most seeds were not infected with P. ultimum until 10 h after inoculation and with R. solani until 24 h after inoculation. Increasing the duration of exposure to inoculum increased the number of seeds infected and reduced the number of plants surviving. Seedlings were resistant to P. ultimum infection by 14 days after sowing but were not resistant to infection by R. solani until 28 days after sowing.

Effects of prior environmental conditions on the subsequent uptake and release of carbon dioxide in the light

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1999-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Steward ◽  
G. H. Craven ◽  
S. P. R. Weerasinghe ◽  
R. G. S. Bidwell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Simultaneous Evolution ◽  
Uptake And Release

Rates of uptake and simultaneous evolution of carbon dioxide in the light were measured on leaves from various plants by a 14CO2–12CO2 technique under standardized conditions. The measurements were made on leaves from rice, potato, and carrot plants grown under conditions of long or short days combined with high or low night temperatures. The rates of uptake and release of carbon dioxide in the light, and the relationships between them, were affected by the prior conditions that obtained during growth (day length and night temperature), by the age of the leaves, and by the developmental stage of the plants. Since the total uptake of carbon dioxide and its release in the light did not always respond to these variables to the same extent, or even in the same direction, the effectiveness of photosynthesis was often markedly affected. The implications of these observations are, therefore, discussed.

INFLUENCE DE TRAITEMENTS PRÉALABLES AU FROID SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DU POINSETTIA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
SERGE GAGNON ◽  
BLANCHE DANSEREAU
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cold Night ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temperature Pretreatment

To achieve more rapid adaptation of plants grown under a constant cold night temperature regime, rooted poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd ex. Klotzsch ’Annette Hegg Dark Red’) cuttings were given one of several cold pretreatments (TPF): either 17/13 °C or 13 °C for 5, 10, or 15 d. The influence of these TPF treatments was compared with that of control plants where the night temperature was 17 °C. There was no significant difference for the number of days to the first visible flower buds and to anthesis, for the number of flowering stems and bracts formed, for leaf area and aerial dry weight. However, the TPF treatment of 17/13 °C given for 15 d caused a significant increase in bract area, and of average flower head diameter compared to those plants given a TPF treatment of 13 °C for the same length of time.Key words: Euphorbia pulcherrima, night temperature, split night temperature, pretreatment

scholarly journals LONG DAYS PROMOTE FLOWERING OF ARMERIA MARITIMA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 575e-575
Author(s):  
J.T. Lehmann ◽  
M.L. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Potted Plant ◽  
Compact Growth ◽  
Armeria Maritima ◽  
Vegetatively Propagated Plants ◽  
Short Days

Armeria maritima was studied to provide guidelines for flowering potted plant production. Seed and vegetatively propagated plants were exposed to 9-hr, 13-hr, or 17-hr photoperiods. Flowering was enhanced under the 13-hr and 17-hr photoperiods. Peduncle and leaf length were shorter, and plants were more compact under short days (SD, 9-hr photoperiod) than under long days (LD). When grown under SDs then moved at monthly intervals to LDs, the degree to which the compact growth habit (CH) was expressed was dependent upon the length of exposure to SDs. Plants with the CH produced fewer inflorescences than full growth habit plants. Plants held in cold storage (4C) flowered more profusely under LDs, but had a delay in flowering. There was more uniform flowering for plants held in cold storage than those held in a cool greenhouse (7C night temperature).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON FLOWER INITIATION OF COFFEE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1071a-1071
Author(s):  
Ursula K. Schuch ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Mike A. Nagzao
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Incandescent Light ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Chamber Study ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Short Days

Floral initiation in coffee has been shown to be stimulated by short days in young plants, but the inductive stimulus for mature plants is still not clear. Experiments were conducted to determine whether floral initiation in immature and mature plants is promoted by short photoperiods, and delayed by long photoperiods. In a growth chamber study, 18-month-old coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Guatemalan) plants exposed to 8 hr photoperiods developed flower buds after 4 weeks, whereas no floral initiation was observed on the plants exposed to 16 hr photoperiods for ten weeks. Trees growing in the field were illuminated with incandescent light from midnight to 3:00 a.m. from July to December 1989. The control plants received no artificial light during the same time period. Night light interruption delayed flower initiation until the end of December on branches that were fully exposed to the light. On control trees, flower buds started to emerge at the beginning of November. These results indicate that in immature and mature coffee plants floral initiation is stimulated by short days, and delayed by long days.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and Temperature Affect Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1494-1497
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Rene O’Connell ◽  
Ken Altman
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Short Days

Photoperiod, irradiance, cool temperature (5 °C), and benzyladenine (BA) application effects on Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ flowering were examined. Plants were placed in a 5 °C greenhouse under natural daylight (DL) for 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks, then moved to a 22/18 °C (day/night temperature) greenhouse under short days (SD, 8-hour DL) plus 0, 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–1600 hr; 8-hour photoperiod), long days (LD) delivered with DL plus night-interruption lighting (NI) (2200–0200 hr), or DL plus 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–0200 hr) for 6 weeks. Plants were then grown under DL only. Percent flowering plants increased as irradiance increased from 0–25 to +75 μmol·m−2·s−1 on uncooled plants, from 0% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 8 weeks under subsequent SD and from 25% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 4 weeks under subsequent LD. As 5 °C exposure duration increased from 0 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 0 to 8 weeks (LD-grown), flower number increased from 0 to 11 and from 5 to 21 flowers per plant across irradiance treatments, respectively. Total production time ranged from 123 to 147 days on plants cooled from 8 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 52 to 94 days on plants cooled for 0–4 weeks to 119–153 days on plants cooled for 8–12 weeks (LD-grown). Flower life varied from 1 to 3 days. BA spray application (10–40 mg·L−1) once or twice after a 12-week 5 °C exposure reduced flower number. Flower development was not photoperiodic. High flower number (17–21 flowers/plant) and short production time (including cooling time, 120–122 days) occurred when plants were grown at 5 °C for 8 weeks, then grown under LD + 45–75 μmol·m−2·s−1 for 6 weeks (16 hours; 10.9–12.8 mol·m−2·d−1) at a 22/18 °C day/night temperature. Taken together, Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ exhibited a facultative cool temperature and facultative LD requirement for flowering.

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