scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and Temperature Affect Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1494-1497
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Rene O’Connell ◽  
Ken Altman
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Short Days

Photoperiod, irradiance, cool temperature (5 °C), and benzyladenine (BA) application effects on Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ flowering were examined. Plants were placed in a 5 °C greenhouse under natural daylight (DL) for 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks, then moved to a 22/18 °C (day/night temperature) greenhouse under short days (SD, 8-hour DL) plus 0, 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–1600 hr; 8-hour photoperiod), long days (LD) delivered with DL plus night-interruption lighting (NI) (2200–0200 hr), or DL plus 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–0200 hr) for 6 weeks. Plants were then grown under DL only. Percent flowering plants increased as irradiance increased from 0–25 to +75 μmol·m−2·s−1 on uncooled plants, from 0% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 8 weeks under subsequent SD and from 25% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 4 weeks under subsequent LD. As 5 °C exposure duration increased from 0 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 0 to 8 weeks (LD-grown), flower number increased from 0 to 11 and from 5 to 21 flowers per plant across irradiance treatments, respectively. Total production time ranged from 123 to 147 days on plants cooled from 8 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 52 to 94 days on plants cooled for 0–4 weeks to 119–153 days on plants cooled for 8–12 weeks (LD-grown). Flower life varied from 1 to 3 days. BA spray application (10–40 mg·L−1) once or twice after a 12-week 5 °C exposure reduced flower number. Flower development was not photoperiodic. High flower number (17–21 flowers/plant) and short production time (including cooling time, 120–122 days) occurred when plants were grown at 5 °C for 8 weeks, then grown under LD + 45–75 μmol·m−2·s−1 for 6 weeks (16 hours; 10.9–12.8 mol·m−2·d−1) at a 22/18 °C day/night temperature. Taken together, Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ exhibited a facultative cool temperature and facultative LD requirement for flowering.

scholarly journals Vernalization in a Greenhouse Promotes and Synchronizes Flowering of Osteospermum ecklonis Norl.

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Suzuki ◽  
James D. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Flower Number

The effect of cool temperature treatments on flowering of Osteospermum ecklonis Norl. cv. Nairobi was evaluated. Plants vernalized at temperatures from 4 to 15 °C for 4 to 6 weeks exhibited increased flower numbers, more synchronized flower development among individual plants, and reduced forcing times. Part of the increased flower number observed in the vernalized plants could be attributed to a small increase in branch numbers from 2 to 3. However, a longer period of vernalization slowed flower development, and therefore increased overall production times. Vernalization also reduced stem growth, primarily through a reduction in the number of nodes produced by each branch.

scholarly journals Growth of Cyclamen as Affected by Day and Night Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 466G-467
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Average Daily Temperature ◽  
Positive Difference ◽  
Significant Difference

The growth of Cyclamen persicum Mill. `Laser Scarlet' and `Sierra Scarlet' was evaluated for plants grown at day/night temperature differences of +9, +3, 0, –3 or –9°C. The day temperature was maintained for the duration of the 16-hr photoperiod and the day and night temperatures were selected to provide an average daily temperature of 16°C. The plants were grown at the specific temperatures starting 15 weeks from seeding until flowering. Total daily irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2. There was no significant difference in time to flower for plants of `Laser' (115 10.3 days from transplant). Flower buds appeared earlier above the foliage for `Sierra' plants grown at negative differences of 3 or 9°C (113 11.4 days) compared to plants grown at constant 16C (124 9.7 days). At flowering, plants grown with a positive difference of 9°C were significantly taller (22 1.9 cm for `Laser' and 24 2.0 cm for `Sierra') than the plants at 16C (19 1.9 cm for `Laser' and 21 2.1 cm for `Sierra'). Plants of `Laser' grown at +3C difference were also taller (21 2.1 cm) than the control plants at 16°C. Plant dry weight was larger for plants of both `Laser' and `Sierra' grown with +9°C. There were no differences in flower number or flower size among plants within each cultivar grown at the different temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Root Formation in Cuttings from Flowering Stock Plants of Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 836B-836
Author(s):  
Carrie DeVier ◽  
Robert L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Bud Removal

The influence of flowers on root formation in mum cuttings was evaluated for stock plants grown under long (LD) or short (SD) days. SD plants showed visible flower buds after 20 days and color after 30 days. Cuttings were taken from LD or SD plants at 10-day intervals until flowers were fully open. Cuttings from LD plants rooted at 100% throughout the study, with 24 or more roots per cutting. Cuttings from SD plants showed a gradual reduction in rooting percentage and number as flower development increased. After 30 days, roots per cutting for SD plants was reduced by 85% compared to LD cuttings and only 30% of SD cuttings rooted. In a separate experiment, cuttings were taken from stock plants after 40 long or short days. Partial or all flower buds were removed from SD plants prior to sticking. SD cuttings (regardless of flower bud removal) rooted at <47%. LD cuttings rooted between 23.6 to 43.8, while SD cuttings rooted between 3.1 and 8.5 roots per rooted cutting. The data indicates that cuttings taken from flowering plants show reduced potential for rooting and that this effect was not influenced by removal of flowers prior to sticking cuttings.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and Cool Temperature Effects on Gymnocalycium, Rebutia, Lobivia, and Sulcorebutia sp. Growth and Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 992B-992
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Esther Gesick ◽  
Ben Dill ◽  
Charles Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Response Groups

A study was conducted to determine if photoperiod, irradiance, and/or a cool temperatures impacted flowering of selected species in five cactus genera. Gymnocalycium, Rebutia, Lobivia, and Sulcorebutia plants were grown for 4 months under natural daylight conditions (August–November) in a greenhouse maintained at 26 ± 2 °C. Plants were then placed in either of two greenhouses: 1) a greenhouse maintained at 22 °C day/18 ± 1 °C night temperature with an 8-h daylength (SD) or natural daylight plus night interruption lighting (NI; 2200–0200 HR), or 2) a greenhouse maintained at 5 ± 2 °C under natural daylight conditions (8–10 h). After 12 weeks at 5 °C, plants were moved to the SD and NI lighting treatments in the before mentioned greenhouse and additional lighting treatment [natural daylight plus supplemental high-pressure sodium lighting (85–95 μmol·m-2·s-1; 0800–0200 HR)]. In all cases, plants were moved out of lighting treatments after 6 weeks and were then grown under natural daylight conditions in a greenhouse maintained at constant 22 ± 1 °C. Data were collected on the approximate date growth commenced, the date when each flower opened (five flowers only), flower number per plant, and individual flower longevity (five flowers only). Species were classified into photoperiodic and irradiance response groups where appropriate and whether species exhibited a vernalization requirement was reported. Lastly, whether dormancy occurred and what conditions overcame that dormancy was reported.

scholarly journals (76) Photoperiod, Irradiance, and/or Cool Temperature Effects on Mamillopsis senilis, Echinopsis Hybrid, and Trichocereus Hybrid Growth and Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065D-1066
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Esther Gesick ◽  
Ben Dill ◽  
Charles Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Hybrid Growth ◽  
Response Groups ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
The Impact

The impact of photoperiod, irradiance, and/or cool temperature on flowering and/or dormancy in Mamillopsis senilis and Echinopsis and Trichocereus hybrids was studied. Two- to 3-year-old plants (180 plants of each type) were grown for 4 months under natural daylight (DL) conditions (August–November) in a greenhouse maintained at 26 ± 2 °C. Plants were then placed in either of two greenhouses: a cool temperature house (5 ± 2 °C; DL), or a lighting treatment house (22/18 ± 1 °C day/night temperature, respectively). The lighting treatment house had eight light environments: 1) short day (SD; 8 h; 0800–1600 hr); 2) SD+25–35 μmol·m-2·s-1; 3) SD+45–50 μmol·m-2·s-1; 4) SD+85–95 μmol·m-2·s-1; 5) DL plus night interruption lighting (NI; 2200–0200 hr; 2 μmol·m-2·s-1 from incandescent lamps); 6) DL+25–35 μmol·m-2·s-1 (lighted from 0800–0200 hr); 7) DL+45–50 μmol·m-2·s-1; and 8) DL+85–95 μmol·m-2·s-1. Supplemental lighting was provided using high-pressure sodium lamps. Plants were placed in the cool temperature house for 0, 4, 8 or 12 weeks before being placed under lighting treatments. All plants received lighting treatments for 6 weeks and were then placed in a finishing greenhouse (DL; 22 ± 2 °C). Data were collected on approximate day when growth resumed, the date when each flower opened (five only), total flower number per plant, and how long each flower stayed open (five only). Whether species exhibited dormancy and what conditions, if any, broke that dormancy was identified. Species were also classified into photoperiodic, irradiance, and vernalization response groups with respect to flowering.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and/or Cool Temperature Effects on Lobivia × Chamaecereus Hybrid `Rose Quartz' Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 992C-992
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Esther Gesick ◽  
Ben Dill ◽  
Charles Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
The Impact

Photoperiod, irradiance, and/or a cool temperature effects on Chamaelobivia hybrid `Rose Quartz' flowering was studied. Two- to 3-year-old plants were grown for 4 months under natural daylight (DL; August–November) in a greenhouse maintained at 26 ± 2 °C. Plants were then placed in either of two greenhouses: a cool temperature house (5 ± 2 °C; natural daylight), or a lighting treatment house (22 °C day/18 ± 1 °C night temperature, respectively). The lighting treatment house had eight light environments: 1) short day (SD; 8 h; 0800–1600 HR); 2) SD+25–35 μmol·m-2·s-1; 3) SD+45-50 μmol·m-2·s-1; 4) SD+85-95 μmol·m-2·s-1; 5) DL plus night interruption lighting (NI; 2200–0200 HR; 2 μmol·m-2·s-1 from incandescent lamps); 6) DL+25-35 μmol·m-2·s-1 (lighted from 0800–0200 HR); 7) DL+45-50 μmol·m-2·s-1; and 8) DL+85-95 μmol·m-2·s-1. Supplemental lighting was provided using high-pressure sodium lamps. Plants were placed in the cool temperature environment for 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks before being placed under lighting treatments. All plants received a 6-week lighting treatment and were then placed in the finishing greenhouse (22 ± 2 °C). Data were collected on the date when each flower opened (five only), the flower number per plant, and flower longevity (five only). Vernalization interacted with photoperiod to affect flowering. Unvernalized plants exhibited an obligate long-day requirement for flowering. Vernalized plants exhibited a facultative long-day requirement for flowering. The impact of vernalization, photoperiod, and irradiance on flower number, time to flower, and longevity will also be discussed.

Effect of High Temperatures on the Postharvest Flowering of Specialty Floral Crop Species

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447f-448
Author(s):  
Millie S. Williams ◽  
Terri Woods Starman ◽  
James E. Faust
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Mature Flower

Flower growers experience decreased consumer satisfaction with plant species that cease flowering during the summer. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the heat tolerance of four specialty floral crop species in order to predict their summer performance in the different climatalogical regions of the United States. The effect of increasing temperatures on the duration of postharvest flower development was determined for Ageranthemum frutescens `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby', Brachycome hybrid `Ultra', and Sutera cordata `Snowflake'. Plants were grown in a 18 °C greenhouse until marketable with foliage covering the container and flowers distributed evenly across the plant canopy. Plants were then placed in a phytotron to determine their heat tolerance. Temperature set points of 18, 23, 28, and 33 °C were delivered serially at 2-week intervals, starting at 18 °C. Plants were then returned to 18 °C after the 33 °C treatment. Immature flower bud, mature flower bud, flower and senesced flower numbers were collected once per week. Sutera `Snowflake', and Brachycome `Ultra' had the greatest flower number at the 23 °C temperature, decreasing in the 28 °C environment. Argeranthemum `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby' had greatest flower number at 28 °C, but flowers were smaller and of lower quality than at 23 °C. Flower development of all cultivars ceased at 33 °C, but when plants were returned to the 18 °C production greenhouse, flower development resumed. According to normal average daily temperatures in Knoxville, Tenn., Ageranthemum frutescens `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby' would flower until mid-June, while Brachycome hybrid `Ultra' and Sutera cordata `Snowflake' would flower until mid-May.

Different day and night temperature responses in Lilium hansonii in relation to growth and flower development

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniel Galido Lucidos ◽  
Kwang Bok Ryu ◽  
Adnan Younis ◽  
Chang-Kil Kim ◽  
Yoon-Jung Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Responses

scholarly journals High-temperature Inhibition of Flowering of Phalaenopsis and Doritaenopsis Orchids

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1271-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsey A. Newton ◽  
Erik S. Runkle
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Exposure ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Temperature Exposure

Phalaenopsis orchids require a day temperature of 26 °C or less to initiate inflorescences, whereas the night temperature has little or no effect on inflorescence initiation. We determined the duration of high temperature required each day to prevent inflorescence initiation of four Phalaenopsis and Doritaenopsis clones. In Years 1 and 2, mature potted plants were grown in separate greenhouse sections with five daily durations at 29 °C: 0, 4, 8, 12, or 24 h. The high temperature was centered in the 16-h photoperiod (0600 hr to 2200 hr) and the remainder of the day was at 20 °C. Exposure to 29 °C for 8 h or longer inhibited inflorescence initiation of Phalaenopsis Miva Smartissimo × Canberra ‘Mosella’ and Phalaenopsis Brother Pink Mask × Brother Success ‘Explosion’, but Phalaenopsis Baldan's Kaleidoscope ‘Golden Treasure’ and Doritaenopsis ‘Newberry Parfait’ required exposure to 29 °C for 12 h or longer to inhibit inflorescence initiation. Flowering was completely suppressed only when high-temperature exposure time was continual for Doritaenopsis ‘Newberry Parfait’ and Phalaenopsis Baldan's Kaleidoscope ‘Golden Treasure’ and 12 h for Phalaenopsis ‘Mosella’. Plant leaf span generally increased as duration of exposure to 29 °C increased, but high-temperature exposure had few or no significant effects on flowering characteristics of flowering plants. These studies indicate that as few as 8 h of high temperature can prevent flowering of some Phalaenopsis hybrids, whereas others require greater than 12 h of high-temperature exposure.

Batching to minimize total production time for two part types

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Yaw Ching ◽  
Ching-Jong Liao ◽  
Chutao John Wu
Keyword(s):  
Total Production ◽  
Production Time
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document