scholarly journals Combining Ability and Correlations for Fruit Firmness Components in Parthenocarpic × Nonparthenocarpic Pickling Cucumber Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 822A-822
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Cook ◽  
August C. Gabert ◽  
James R. Baggett
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Pickling Cucumber ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Factorial Mating ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fruit Diameter

One concern that has restricted the use of parthenocarpic pickling cucumber cultivars in the United States has been firmness of fruit processed by brining. Selection for mesocarp and endocarp firmness, in addition to morphological traits associated with firmness, such as fruit length, length: diameter ratio, seed cavity size, and seed cavity: fruit diameter ratio, may produce parthenocarpic cultivars with improved quality. Combining ability of a set of parthenocarpic and nonparthenocarpic parents for fruit firmness and these related morphological characteristics were investigated using a factorial mating design grown in 1992 and 1994 at Brooks, Ore. General combining ability was greater than specific combining ability for all traits before and after processing. Fruit firmness, mesocarp firmness, endocarp firmness, length, and length: diameter ratio were positively correlated phenotypically and genetically to one another. Seed cavity diameter and seed cavity: fruit diameter ratio were positively correlated phenotypically and genetically, but were negatively correlated to all other traits.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Combining Ability for Height, Leaf Out, Bloom Date, and Flower Color for Crapemyrtle

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1496-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Pounders ◽  
Tim Rinehart ◽  
Ned Edwards ◽  
Patricia Knight
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Dominance Variance ◽  
Factorial Mating ◽  
Bloom Date ◽  
Factorial Mating Design

Breeding of crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia) in the United States has focused on developing hybrids between parents with disease or pest resistance and those with good floral characteristics. The objective of this work was to study the general and specific combining ability of several horticulturally important traits in crosses between pest-resistant parents and those with saturated flower colors. Ten crapemyrtle parents were tested in a factorial mating design including 25 of the 29 possible families. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for all traits for the general combining ability of parents. The cross between ‘Arapaho’ and ‘WHIT IV’ displayed the best specific combining ability for a desirable combination of height, leaf-out time, bloom time, and flower color based on current breeding objectives. Overall, this study revealed the importance of both additive and nonadditive genetic variability in crapemyrtle, suggesting that an integrated breeding strategy to capture both additive and dominance variance would be appropriate for producing new, improved crapemyrtle clones for the four traits evaluated.

scholarly journals Recurrent Selection for Specific Combining Ability for Yield in Four Pickling Cucumber Populations

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 626a-626
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Todd C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pickling Cucumber ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Selection For

The combining ability (hybrid performance) of breeding lines is often determined to measure selection progress for yield. Plant breeders utilize this information to develop breeding lines with higher combining ability. The objectives of this study were to measure the specific combining ability for yield traits over three selection cycles from four pickling cucumber populations with Gy 14, a popular pickling cucumber inbred; and to determine the change in specific combining ability for yield traits in four populations improved through recurrent selection. Four pickling cucumber populations, North Carolina wide base pickle (NCWBP), medium base pickle (NCMBP), elite pickle 1 (NCEP1), and hardwickii 1 (NCH1), were developed and improved through modified half-sib selection from 1983 to 1992 to improve yield per se and fruit quality in each population. Eleven families were randomly selected from each of 3 selection cycles (early, intermediate, advanced) from each populations and were hybridized to Gy 14. Plants were sprayed with Paraquat to defoliate them and to simulate once-over harvest. The experiment was a randomized complete-block design with 22 replications per population arranged in a split plot with the four populations as whole plots and the three cycles as subplots. The combining ability for fruit quality rating of NCWBP and NCMBP increased as the number of selection cycles increased. Conversely, selection for higher yield per se decreased the combining ability of the NCEP1 population for improved fruit quality. In most instances, the combining ability of each population exhibited a constant response over selection cycles for each measured yield trait.

scholarly journals Heterosis and combining ability for ornamental chili pepper

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Q Silva ◽  
Rosana Rodrigues ◽  
Cíntia S Bento ◽  
Samy Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Chili Peppers ◽  
Fruit Diameter

ABSTRACT Ornamental use of Capsicum genus chili peppers has expanded due to easy seed propagation, short germination period, diversified fruit colors and harmony of potted plants. The ornamental plant sector requires cultivars adapted to different cultivation conditions in pots and gardens. Breeding programs can use heterosis and combining ability information, aiming to commercially explore hybrids or develop populations for lineage selection with desirable characteristics. However, the ornamental chili pepper field lacks studies with this data. In this study, combining ability of C. annuum accessions was determined for ornamental purposes and hybrid combinations were identified based on heterosis values. Fifteen hybrids were obtained from diallel crosses of six genotypes of C. annuum, from March to September 2014, under greenhouse conditions, grown in five-liter pots in experimental design of randomized blocks with 10 repetitions and one plant per plot. Morpho-agronomic characterization was conducted based on eight quantitative descriptors: plant height (before and after fruiting); canopy diameter; days to flourishing; days to fruiting; fruit length and diameter, and number of fruits per plant. Both additive and dominance effects play important role in controlling the studied characters, indicating hybrid exploitation as well as development of superior lineages from the progress of segregating generations. Negative heterosis values resulted in reduction in height, time for flourishing and fruiting, as well as fruit diameter and length, which are desirable for ornamental Capsicum breeding program. Considering an ideotype for ornamental chili pepper cultivars, the hybrids UENF 1626 x UENF 1750, UENF 1750 x UENF 2030 and UENF 1626 x UENF 2030 can be recommended for cultivation with ornamental purposes.

scholarly journals (180) Effects of Plant Density on Pickling Cucumber Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 999C-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Ngouajio ◽  
Erin C. Hill ◽  
William Chase
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Pickling Cucumber ◽  
Cucumber Fruit

Cucumber is an important vegetable in Michigan, where it is grown for slicing (fresh) or processing. Michigan is the top producer of pickling cucumbers in the United States, with over 27% of the total national production. Studies were conducted in 2004 to test the effects of plant density on cucumber fruit quality. Cucumber var. `Vlaspik' was seeded in 30.5, 45.7, 61.0, and 76.2 cm rows with 12.7 cm spacing between plants inside the row, corresponding to final plant populations of 258, 172, 129, and 103 thousand plants/ha, respectively. The experiment used a randomized complete-block design with 4 replications and four rows per plot. At harvest, 10 fruits of grade 2 were randomly selected from each plot for measurement of specific gravity, firmness, soluble solids, color, and seed size. Cucumber fruit specific gravity, soluble solids, and seed size were not affected by plant population size. However, fruit firmness and color varied with plant density. Low plant populations, when compared to high populations, produced darker green fruits, a desired trait in pickling cucumber production. On a scale of 0 (yellowish) to 5 (dark green), plants grown under a population of 258 thousand plants/ha scored an average of 2.8. The score was 4.6 for fruits produced in plots with 103 thousand plants/ha. Low plant populations increased fruit firmness as measured by a puncture test. Fruit firmness was 89, 93, 97, and 95 g·mm-2 for 258, 172, 129, and 103 thousand plants/ha, respectively. Results suggest that cultural practices may affect pickling cucumber fruit quality.

Pre-conceptual sex selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (46) ◽  
pp. 1815-1819
Author(s):  
Máté Julesz
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
The United States ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
Medically Assisted Procreation ◽  
Family Balancing ◽  
European Health ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Catholic Church

According to Article 14 of the Oviedo Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine of the Council of Europe, the use of techniques of medically assisted procreation shall not be allowed for the purpose of choosing a future child’s sex, unless serious hereditary sex-related disease is to be avoided. In Israel and the United States of America, pre-conceptual sex selection for the purpose of family balancing is legal. The European health culture does not take reproductive justice for part of social justice. From this aspect, the situation is very similar in China and India. Reproductive liberty is opposed by the Catholic Church, too. According to the Catholic Church, medical grounds may not justify pre-conceptual sex selection, though being bioethically less harmful than family balancing for social reasons. In Hungary, according to Section 170 of the Criminal Code, pre-conceptual sex selection for the purpose of family balancing constitutes a crime. At present, the Hungarian legislation is in full harmony with the Oviedo Convention, enacted in Hungary in 2002 (Act No. 6 of 2002). Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(46), 1815–1819.

Changes in Perceptions of Filipino Immigrants about Themselves and of Americans Before and After Coming to the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gremil Alessandro Naz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
American Values ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Symbolic Interaction Theory ◽  
Filipino Immigrants

<p>This paper examines the changes in Filipino immigrants’ perceptions about themselves and of Americans before and after coming to the United States. Filipinos have a general perception of themselves as an ethnic group. They also have perceptions about Americans whose media products regularly reach the Philippines. Eleven Filipinos who have permanently migrated to the US were interviewed about their perceptions of Filipinos and Americans. Before coming to the US, they saw themselves as hardworking, family-oriented, poor, shy, corrupt, proud, adaptable, fatalistic, humble, adventurous, persevering, gossipmonger, and happy. They described Americans as rich, arrogant, educated, workaholic, proud, powerful, spoiled, helpful, boastful, materialistic, individualistic, talented, domineering, friendly, accommodating, helpful, clean, and kind. Most of the respondents changed their perceptions of Filipinos and of Americans after coming to the US. They now view Filipinos as having acquired American values or “Americanized.” On the other hand, they stopped perceiving Americans as a homogenous group possessing the same values after they got into direct contact with them. The findings validate social perception and appraisal theory, and symbolic interaction theory.</p>

scholarly journals Health Insurance Coverage before and after the Affordable Care Act in the USA

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Jesse Patrick ◽  
Philip Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Full Implementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Partial Implementation

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is at the crossroads. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACA in order to make rational decisions about the ongoing healthcare reform, but existing research into its effect on health insurance status in the United States is insufficient and descriptive. Using data from the National Health Interview Surveys from 2009 to 2015, this study examines changes in health insurance status and its determinants before the ACA in 2009, during its partial implementation in 2010–2013, and after its full implementation in 2014 and 2015. The results of trend analysis indicate a significant increase in national health insurance rate from 82.2% in 2009 to 89.4% in 2015. Logistic regression analyses confirm the similar impact of age, gender, race, marital status, nativity, citizenship, education, and poverty on health insurance status before and after the ACA. Despite similar effects across years, controlling for other variables, youth aged 26 or below, the foreign-born, Asians, and other races had a greater probability of gaining health insurance after the ACA than before the ACA; however, the odds of obtaining health insurance for Hispanics and the impoverished rose slightly during the partial implementation of the ACA, but somewhat declined after the full implementation of the ACA starting in 2014. These findings should be taken into account by the U.S. Government in deciding the fate of the ACA.

scholarly journals GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUD COMBINATORIA GENERAL Y ESPECÍFICA EN EL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUDE À LA COMBINATION GENERAL ET SPECIFIQUE CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Laureti ◽  
Andrea Del Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
East Central ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Selection For

SUMMARYA total of 245 test cross progenies obtained by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and restorer (RHA) lines were evaluated in replicated trials in 1995 and 1997. Experiments were carried out in two locations (Osimo, East Central Italy and Budrio, Northern Italy) in 1995, whereas in 1997 trials were conducted only in Osimo. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of the parents was evaluated to identify genotypes suitable to be used as testers for breeding programs and to verify the performance of hybrids. The results obtained in 1995 were used to make test crosses in 1996 to be evaluated in 1997. The GCA and SCA of RHA and CMS lines were nearly always significant for all the studied traits when lines were randomly taken in 1995. When selected testers were used on the basis of the results of the first year, the SCA of new RHA lines and GCA of new CMS lines were not significant for achene yield, but they were for the other traits.The best GCA estimates for RHA were often higher than those of CMS, indicating that selection for RHA could be more useful than for CMS. As expected, GCA was always lower than SCA. CMS and RHA, with high variance among their test crosses for yield and many other traits, could be used as testers. The lack of a tester with high variance in all traits requires more than one tester in evaluating lines. The GCA of a line can change in function of the germplasm with which it is combined.

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