scholarly journals Variation in Reproductive Traits of Western Trailing Blackberry (Rubus ursinus) in the Pacific Northwest

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 833F-833
Author(s):  
Angela K. Anderson ◽  
Chad E. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Lateral Length

The superb flavor of trailing blackberry cultivars, such as `Marion', is derived from Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. Wild R. ursinus offer a range of horticulturally desirable traits to breeders, from high fruit quality to improved cold hardiness. Current cultivars are derived from relatively few sources of R. ursinus, selected primarily for fruiting characteristics. A replicated field trial of 460 clones, representing 20 populations from southern British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon, was established in 1994. Observations during the planting year have indicated that monitoring variability in the following reproductive traits will be useful in assessing diversity; budbreak, flowering, and fruiting date; lateral length; proportion of reproductive laterals; gender; flower and fruit number; and fruit size. In particular, there are clones that exhibit large fruit size (4 to 5 g), high flower number per lateral, and uniform fruit set. Analysis of these data will contribute to determination of relative genetic distances among the populations and enhance the understanding of the diversity available in R. ursinus.

scholarly journals Tergitol-TMN-6 Surfactant Is an Effective Blossom Thinner for Stone Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Bahar Fallahi ◽  
James R. McFerson ◽  
Ross E. Byers ◽  
Robert C. Ebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spray Volume

Effects of Tergitol-TMN-6 surfactant on blossom thinning (fruit set), fruit quality, and yield were studied in different cultivars of peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) during 2003 to 2005, and in one cultivar of nectarine Prunus persica [L.] in one orchard and one cultivar of plum (Prunus domestica [L.]) in two orchards in 2004. In addition to Tergitol-TMN-6, effects of Crocker's fish oil (CFO) alone in three peach cultivars or in combination with lime sulfur in a nectarine cultivar were studied on fruit set, quality, and yield. Tergitol-TMN-6 at 5 mL·L–1 or higher rates, applied at about 75% to 85% bloom, reduced fruit set without russeting peach fruit. Peach fruit size was often increased by Tergitol-TMN-6 treatment. Applications of Tergitol at 20 mL·L–1 or 30 mL·L–1 excessively thinned peaches. Tergitol-TMN-6 at all rates burned foliage, but the symptoms disappeared after a few weeks without any adverse effects on tree productivity. Tergitol-TMN-6 at 7.5 mL·L–1 or 10 mL·L–1, applied either once at about 80% to 85% bloom or twice at 35% bloom and again at 80% to 85% bloom, reduced fruit set without any fruit russeting in nectarine. Tergitol-TMN-6 at 7.5 mL·L–1 to 12.5 mL·L–1 reduced fruit set in `Empress' plum. CFO at 30 mL·L–1 was effective in blossom thinning of some peach cultivars. A combination of lime sulfur and CFO was not effective in blossom thinning of nectarine. Considering results from several orchards in different locations in the Pacific Northwest over 3 years, Tergitol-TMN-6 is an excellent blossom thinner for peach, nectarine, and plum at rates of 7.5 to 12.5 mL·L–1, sprayed at a spray volume of 1870.8 L·ha–1 when about 75% to 85% blooms are open.

scholarly journals Morphological Variation in Western Trailing Blackberry (Rubus ursinus) in the Pacific Northwest

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 767F-767
Author(s):  
Angela K. Anderson ◽  
Chad E. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Senescent Leaf ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
The Pacific

Trailing blackberry cultivars, such as `Marion', can be traced to relatively few chance selections of Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. Wild R. ursinus offer a range of horticulturally desirable traits to breeders, from high fruit quality to improved cold hardiness. Cuttings from 460 plants, representing 20 populations in southern British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon, collected in 1993. Rooted clones were planted in 1994 in a replicated field trial to assess morphological variation. A greenhouse study was also undertaken, with 10 clones represented from each site, in two replications. Preliminary data from the greenhouse and field studies show variability in the following morphological characters: Glandular hairs; cane and prickle color; cane diameter; prickle density; internode length; leaf color, size, shape and density; and senescent leaf drop and color change. Floricane morphology will be assessed in 1995. Analysis of these data will determine relative genetic distances among the populations and enhance the understanding of the diversity available in R. ursinus.

First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Leveillula taurica of Field-Grown Sweet Pepper in the Pacific Northwest

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Glawe ◽  
Tess Barlow ◽  
Jordan E. Eggers ◽  
Philip B. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica ◽  
The Pacific

In August 2009, a grower reported a disease affecting nearly all plants in a drip-irrigated field of sweet pepper cv. Excalibur in Umatilla Co., OR. The fungus was determined to be Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud, previously unreported from this host in Oregon or from field-grown peppers in the Pacific Northwest. This report documents the taxonomic determination of this species and provides information about the disease outbreak, including economic impact. Accepted for publication 18 May 2010. Published 8 July 2010.

scholarly journals 660 Reducing Floral Initiation and Return Bloom in Stone Fruit Trees: Applications and Implications in Fruit Production

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 561F-562
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Southwick
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Commercially grown apricots (Prunus armeniaca), peaches (Prunus persica), nectarines (Prunus persica), plums (Prunus salicina and Prunus domestica), and pluots (Prunus salicina × Prunus armeniaca) have a tendency to produce high numbers of flowers. These flowers often set and produce more fruit than trees can adequately size to meet market standards. When excessive fruit set occurs, removal of fruit by hand-thinning is common to ensure that fruit size meets market standards. Over the years there have been numerous attempts to find chemical or physical techniques that would help to reduce costs associated with and improve efficiencies of hand-thinning; however, using alternate strategies to hand-thinning have not been widely adopted in stone fruit production. In the past 10 years, through the continuing efforts of scientists throughout the world in public and private institutions and business, it appears that there are chemical sprays capable of reducing the need for hand-thinning in stone fruit. Management of flowering by reducing the number of flowers on apricot, peach, nectarine, plum, and prune has shown promise under climatic conditions such as those found in the San Joaquin Valley of California. By applying gibberellins during May through July, flowers in many stone fruit cultivars can be reduced in the following season. The reduction in flower number does not generally lead to an increase in fruit set. As a result, fruit numbers are reduced, the need for hand thinning can be reduced, and in some cases eliminated. There are risks associated with reducing flower number before climatic conditions during bloom or final fruit set are known. However, given the changes in labor costs and market demands, especially in the developed world, the benefits may outweigh the risks. The application and implications of these summer gibberellin applications toward reducing flower numbers will be discussed as it relates to commercial stone fruit growing.

The Effects of Exogenous Bioregulators and Environment on Regular Cropping of Apple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 554e-555
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Return Bloom

Use of exogenous bioregulators (“hormones”) to adjust crop load in apple remains challenging to both researchers and producers. These hormones are sensitive to the rate and timing of application, to the physiological status of the tree, the choice of orchard system, variety and rootstock, and a myriad of cultural practices and environmental factors. All classes of plant bioregulators have been used over the past 30 to 40 years as chemical thinning materials. Most of the standard postbloom thinning programs involve application of a synthetic auxin, such as naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with carbaryl, a commonly used insecticide. The mode of action of these two compounds is not clearly understood. Gibberellins generally have not been effective thinning materials because of the negative impact on return bloom. Ethylene-releasing compounds have been used successfully as postbloom thinning materials. And cytokinins, particularly synthetic sources such as 6-BA, have been shown to effectively thin fruit and to enhance fruit size on many commercial varieties. The rate and timing of 6-BA applications are particularly critical to obtain the desirable thinning and size responses. Overall, these bioregulators are sensitive to temperature. The use of bloom thinning compounds and their efficacy in the Pacific Northwest will be discussed in the context of return bloom.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness of Grevillea in Western Oregon

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Neil Bell ◽  
Heather Stoven ◽  
James S. Owen ◽  
James E. Altland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Landscape Use ◽  
Cold Damage ◽  
Cold Events ◽  
Landscape Suitability ◽  
Winter Cold

A cold hardiness evaluation of 57 cultivars and species of grevillea (Grevillea) was conducted from 2011 to 2014 in Aurora, OR, to assess landscape suitability in the Pacific Northwest United States. Plants were established using irrigation in 2011, but they received no supplemental water, mineral nutrients, or pruning from 2012 to 2014. Plants were evaluated for injury in Mar. 2012 and Jan. 2014 after winter cold events with minimum temperatures of −4 and −13 °C, respectively. Damage, at least on some level, occurred on most selections following their first winter after planting in 2011. During Winter 2013, further damage to, or death of, 33 grevillea cultivars or species occurred. The grevillea that exhibited the least cold damage and the most promise for landscape use and further evaluation in the Pacific Northwest United States were ‘Poorinda Elegance’ hybrid grevillea, southern grevillea (G. australis), cultivars of juniper-leaf grevillea (G. juniperina) including Lava Cascade and Molonglo, and oval-leaf grevillea (G. miqueliana), all of which exhibited minor foliage damage.

TEM Studies of Crystalline Minerals in Mt. St. Helens Ash

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
L. Rice ◽  
J. Dash
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Plagioclase Feldspar ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Electron Diffraction Technique ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
October 17

Mount St. Helens ash is a pumaceous, pyroclastic material which has been dispersed in varying amounts over most of the Pacific Northwest on a number of occasions during 1980, including the catastrophic eruption of May 18 1980. Samples have been collected and examined from several sites between the crater itself and northwestern Oregon from March 20, 1980 through October 17, 1980. Ejected material consists of both older mountain and new particles. Tephra composition varies in proportions of glass and glass-coated minerals with length of plume travel time. Portland area fallout has ranged from coarse, steel gray, low in glass on June 12, 1980 (travel time two hours) to fine, talcy, brownish gray, high in glass on May 25, 1980 (travel time six to eight hours).Crystalline, sub-micron sized particles of the ash are being studied by the selected-area electron diffraction technique with the TEM in an effort to determine the nature of the mineral content of the ash. The particles are deposited on carbon-coated grids containing small pieces of evaporated gold film for determination of accurate camera constants. Several plagioclase feldspar minerals (70-75% of the mineral fraction for Cascade volcanoes) have been identified from random samples of the atmospheric fallout.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rubus leucodermis Populations from the Pacific Northwest

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Finn ◽  
Kirsten Wennstrom ◽  
Janessa Link ◽  
Jill Ridout
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Excellent Source

Sixteen western black raspberry (Rubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & A. Gray) populations, collected from through out the Pacific Northwest, and `Munger', the most widely grown black raspberry (R. occidentalis L.) cultivar, were established in 1994 in a replicated trial in Corvallis, Ore. In 1996 and 1997 the seedlings were evaluated for date of budbreak, flowering date, ripening date, fruit size, and disease tolerance. Fruit within a replication were pooled for evaluation of pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and anthocyanin content. The plants were vigorous and had produced solid hedges by the time evaluation commenced. The populations were significantly different within each year for all traits except for anthocyanin content in 1996. Rubusleucodermis populations were identified that broke bud and ripened fruit earlier or later than `Munger'; however, all flowered with or sooner than `Munger'. Despite the fact that R. occidentalis is native to eastern North America and R. leucodermis to the West, `Munger' was much less affected by foliar and cane diseases than the R. leucodermis populations. Several populations were as vigorous as `Munger'. `Munger' had fruit that were 30% larger than the mean for any R. leucodermis population. Generally, R. leucodermis had higher pH and lower titratable acidity than `Munger', but many populations had similar soluble solids; lower acidity may partly explain the blandness of R. leucodermis fruit compared with `Munger'. Despite the lighter appearance of R. leucodermis, the anthocyanin levels of some populations were higher than `Munger'. Rubusleucodermis may be a source of earlier fruiting, later budbreak, and vigor when used in breeding but careful selection for fruit size (for the fresh market), acidity (for the processing market), and disease resistance must be done. Rubus leucodermis may also be an excellent source of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) resistance in black and red raspberry breeding programs.

scholarly journals Foliar Applications of Calcium and Boron Do Not Increase Fruit Set or Yield in Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Arrington ◽  
Lisa Wasko DeVetter
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northern Highbush Blueberry

Fruit set in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) can be low under certain climatic conditions, contributing to reduced yields in northwestern Washington. The mechanisms influencing fruit set are complex, but reduced fruit set may be associated with inadequate nutrient availability during critical stages of flowering, ovule fertilization, and initial fruit development. Calcium (Ca) and boron (B) are of particular interest for reproductive developmental processes and are frequently applied annually by growers in the Pacific Northwest region because of the perception that these nutrients enhance fruit set and corresponding yields. Evaluation of commonly applied products containing these nutrients and their effects on fruit set and yield are of specific importance to justify the application of these nutrients. To address this, commercially available fertilizers containing Ca and B were applied to ‘Draper’ and ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry as foliar sprays, either alone or in combination, during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in northwestern Washington. Treatments included calcium chloride (750 and 1500 ppm Ca), calcium sulfate (150 ppm Ca), and tetra borate (125 and 250 ppm B) foliar sprays, repeated six times per season every 7–10 days from early pink bud through petal fall. No significant increases were observed for fruit set, estimated yield, and fruit quality (firmness and berry weight) across the treatments. Increased concentrations of B were observed in leaf tissues in 2015 and 2016, and to a lesser extent fruit tissues. Calcium remained unchanged regardless of treatment and tissue type. Under the conditions of this study, foliar applications of Ca and B did not lead to increased fruit set or yield. This research suggests that other approaches should be explored to increase fruit set and corresponding yields of highbush blueberry grown in northwest Washington.

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