scholarly journals Response of Association Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi with Citrus macrophylla W. Rootstock

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 893G-894
Author(s):  
G.S. Guzmán ◽  
O.C.E. Cuevas ◽  
L.J. Farias ◽  
S.M. Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Soil Hyphae ◽  
Citrus Macrophylla ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Citrus macrophylla is an important citrus rootstock for Mexican lemon (Citrus aurantifolia S.). Citrus are highly dependent of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Four Glomus species were screened for their symbiotic response with C. macrophylla. Seedlings were inoculated with VAM fungi in pots containing sterilized soil. After 3 and 4 months, plants were harvested. Glomus fasciculatum (following by G. intraradices) gave the greatest improvements in growth, resulting in larger plant height and higher shoot dry weight. Glomus aggregatum, G. mosseae, and control plants showed the lowest rates of growth. Plants inoculated with the first three species showed the highest percent of root length colonized. However G. aggregatum gave the highest values of visual density of endophyte in root and soil hyphae. Root colonization and soil hyphae were lowest in plants with G. mosseae.

scholarly journals The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth and root colonization of ten strawberry cultivars

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vestberg
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Dependency Index ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Ten strawberry cultivars, four early maturing, three late maturing and three “special” cultivars, were inoculated with six strains of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in a pot experiment. Growth effects and colonization of the VAM fungi were studied. Three strains, Glomus macrocarpum V3, G. mosseae Rothamsted and G. sp. V4, were highly efficient, causing significant growth increases in most cultivars. ’Jonsok’ showed the highest mycorrhizal dependency index, 648, and ’Ostara’ the lowest, 269, for the mean response of all six fungi. The fungal strains which increased shoot growth the most also increased the runner plant formation the most. Early cultivars showed higher colonization percentages than late maturing cultivars. Sporulation of the introduced VAM fungi was on average more abundant in early and special cultivars than in late cultivars. Root colonization and strawberry shoot dry weight correlated significantly in most cultivars, but the correlation between colonization and runner formation was generally poor.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Commercial Production of Silver King (Aglaonema commutatum L.) Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 680b-680
Author(s):  
G.S. Guzman ◽  
I.C.A Alvarez ◽  
L.J. Farias
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

In the commercial production of silver king plants and other ornate plants, the substrates are treated with fungicides, which affect the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and the plant growth negatively. The restoration of de VAM fungi to the substrate, after its disinfection, might improvement the development. The effectiveness and infectiveness of Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus aggregatum on silver king (Aglaonema commutatum) plants was evaluated in this work. Seedlings of 4-week-old, growing treated with mancozeb, were removed and planted in pots filled with a disinfected mixture of sand soil, cow manure and coconut powder (1:2:2), containing the inoculum of VAM fungi (soil with spores and colonized roots). After 3 and 4 months of the inoculation, plants were removed and dry weight of roots and shoot, number and length of leaves, and mycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. A better development was showed in plants inoculated, resulting highest values in number and length of leaves in relation to control plants. Both VAM fungi improvement the number and length of leaves. The percentage root length colonized (80%) and visual density of endophyte in roots was highest in plants inoculated with Glomus aggregatum in both sampling period.

Responses of sugarcane, maize, and soybean to phosphorus and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kelly ◽  
D. G. Edwards ◽  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
R. C. Magarey
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
Yield Decline ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in long-term cane-growing fields associated with yield decline led to the supposition that VAM fungi may be responsible for the poor yields. A glasshouse trial was established to test the effectiveness of a species of VAM fungi, Glomus clarum, extracted from one of these North Queensland fields on the growth of sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific hybrid), maize (Zea mays), and soybean (Glycine max) for 6 phosphorus (P) rates (0, 2.7, 8.2, 25, 74, 222 mg/kg). For maize and soybean plants that received VAM (+VAM), root colonisation was associated with enhanced P uptake, improved dry weight (DW) production, and higher index tissue-P concentrations than those without VAM (–VAM). By comparing DW responses of maize and soybean for different P rates, savings in fertiliser P of up to 160 and 213 kg/ha, respectively, were realised. Sugarcane plants were generally less responsive. Apart from a 30% DW increase with VAM when 2.7 mg P/kg was added, DW of +VAM plants was equivalent to, or worse than in the case of 222 mg P/kg, DW of –VAM plants. For all 3 host species, colonisation was least at the highest P application, presumably from excessive P within the plant tissue. Critical P concentrations for the 3 host species were below those reported elsewhere, and for soybean and sugarcane, the critical concentration for +VAM plants was lower than that of –VAM plants. There are 3 implications that arise from this study. First, VAM fungi present in cane-growing soils can promote the growth of maize and soybean, which are potential rotation crops, over a range of P levels. Second, the mycorrhizal strain taken from this site did not generally contribute to a yield decline in sugarcane plants. Third, application of P fertiliser is not necessary for sugarcane when acid-extractable P is <30 mg/kg if sufficient VAM propagules are present, or mp;lt;47 mg/kg if a mycorrhizal response is not anticipated.

Susceptibility of barley cultivars to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
The University

The relative susceptibility of selected barley cultivars produced in western Canada to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi under field and greenhouse conditions was evaluated in this study. Cultivars tested under field conditions at the University of Alberta and Lacombe research stations showed no significant differences in VAM colonization of barley roots; colonization was light. Greenhouse trials at the University of Alberta with eight cultivars inoculated with individual mycorrhizal species illustrated significant differences among the barley cultivars in their reactions to Glomus dimorphicum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae. Distinct differences were observed in the ability of each Glomus species to colonize the barley cultivars. The VAM fungi increased growth and yield in some cultivars, depending on the Glomus species. This study indicates that a degree of host-specificity exists in VAM fungi and that the host-mycorrhizal fungus genotypes may influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Key words: Barley, cultivars, susceptibility, VA mycorrhizal fungi

Response of Taxus times media var. densiformis to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
J N Gemma ◽  
R E Koske ◽  
E M Roberts ◽  
S Hester
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Rooted cuttings of Taxus times media var. densiformis Rehd. were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe or Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith and grown for 9-15 months in a greenhouse. At the completion of the experiments, leaves of inoculated plants contained significantly more chlorophyll (1.3-4.1 times as much) than did noninoculated plants. In addition, mycorrhizal plants had root systems that were significantly larger (1.3-1.4 times) and longer (1.7-2.1 times) than nonmycorrhizal plants, and they possessed significantly more branch roots (1.3-2.9 times). No differences in stem diameter and height or shoot dry weight were evident at the end of the experiments, although the number of buds was significantly greater in the cuttings inoculated with G. intraradices after 15 months.

Method and time of alfalfa termination affects cereal growth and weed populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
M. J. Clapperton ◽  
A. L. Boswall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
N Content ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Experiments were established on irrigated land at Lethbridge, Alberta, to determine the effect of timing and method of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) termination on weed abundance, soil moisture and N content, cereal yield and colonization of roots by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Alfalfa growth was terminated using no, minimum, and conventional tillage in either late summer, early fall, or spring. Herbicide was applied or tillage was used to control volunteer alfalfa, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber), stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.), and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader] before seeding cereals. Dandelion and volunteer alfalfa density tended to be greatest after no-tillage treatments, and poor in-crop alfalfa control likely reduced cereal yields in no-tillage plots. In contrast, the major in-crop broadleaf weed, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), was most dense (7 plants m-2) in tilled plots. Both wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yields were reduced 9 to 12% after alfalfa termination with no-tillage treatments compared with minimum or conventional tillage. In spring, after seeding, available soil N content averaged 138, 101 and 79 kg ha-1 for conventional-, minimum-and no-tillage plots, respectively; however, fall no-tillage treatments seemed to supply sufficient N for wheat and barley. Soil moisture content tended to be similar after all termination treatments. Wheat and barley responded differently to time and method of termination in terms of seedling root length and colonization by VAM fungi. The percentage of root colonized by VAM fungi was greater on both barley and wheat in no-tillage compared to cultivated treatments. It may be possible to have similar wheat and barley yields after no tillage and tilled alfalfa termination if no-tillage termination is initiated in fall and effective incrop herbicides are used for volunteer alfalfa and dandelion control. Key words: Alfalfa termination, no-tillage, N, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, weed density

COLONIZATION OF PEACH ROOTSTOCKS BY INDIGENOUS VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (VAM) FUNGI

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. TRAQUAIR ◽  
S. M. BERCH
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Peach Rootstocks ◽  
Scion Cultivar

Six-month-old seedling rootstocks of peach cultivars Siberian C, Bailey and Harrow Blood, and mature trees in a 4-yr-old orchard which was planted with rootstock cultivars Siberian C, Bailey, Harrow Blood, Chui Lum Tao, Tzim Pee Tao, Lovell, Halford, H7338013, H7338016 and H7338019 grafted with scion cultivar Redhaven, were rated for colonization by indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after growth in a local sandy soil. Feeder roots of all the rootstocks were heavily colonized. However, no significant differences between the cultivars were observed with respect to percentage of root lengths colonized under these field conditions. Fungi identified on the basis of spore extraction from soil around colonized roots included G. aggregatum, G. mosseae, G. tortuosum, Scutellospora aurigloba, and S. calospora.Key words: Intraspecific receptivity, endomycorrhizae, Prunus persica

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG ( Zea mays L.) MENGGUNAKAN JAMUR MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR DARI JENIS YANG BERBEDA PADA KONDISI CEKAMAN AIR

Biocelebes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wahyu Harso ◽  
Isna Isna ◽  
Yusran Yusran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Maize Plants

Arbsucular mycorrhizal fungi promote plant growth by enhancing mineral uptake. Contribution degree of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote plant growth depend on species of plant-fungus association. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of three species of Glomus to promote maize plant growth. Maize plants were inoculated with 20 g inoculum of either Glomus deserticola, Glomus etunicatum, or Glomus clorum.  Inoculum was soil containing spore, hyphae and infected root. Maize plants without addition inoculum were also used as a control. Water availability in the soil as growing medium was maintained on 40% field capacity. The results showed that addition of inoculum from three species of Glomus increased average of maize plant shoot dry weight  although there was no statisticaly significant differences.  Maize plant inoculated with G. clorum had higher shoot dry weight than maize plant inoculated either with G. etunicatum or G. deserticola while root colonization by G. clorum was lowest.

scholarly journals Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Peat-based Substrates Enhance Symbiosis Establishment and Growth of Three Micropropagated Species

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
S. Parent ◽  
A. Gosselin ◽  
Y. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Term Benefit

Micropropagated plantlets of Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex Hook. F. `Terra Mix', Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott `Florida Ruffles', and Syngonium podophyllum Schott `White Butterfly' were inoculated with two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith and G. vesiculiferum Gerderman and Trappe. They were potted in three peat-based media to determine the effects of mycorrhizal peat substrate on acclimatization and subsequent growth of micropropagated plantlets under greenhouse conditions. Symbiosis was established between the three ornamental species and VAM fungi within 4 to 8 weeks of culture in the greenhouse, but not during acclimatization. Mortality of Gerbera and Nephrolepis mycorrhizal plantlets was reduced at week 8 compared to the noninoculated control. A peat-based substrate low in P and with good aeration improved VAM fungi spread and efficiency. Mycorrhizal substrates had a long-term benefit of increasing leaf and root dry weight of Gerbera and Nephrolepis. Mycorrhizal Gerbera plants flowered significantly faster than non-mycorrhizal plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Bifenthrin on Mycorrhizal Colonization and Growth of Corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Corkidi ◽  
Jeff Bohn ◽  
Mike Evans
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculum Potential ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Percentage

The insecticide bifenthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid required by regulation for the production of nursery crops to suppress the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) in Orange and Riverside counties in California. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to analyze the effects of different rates of bifenthrin on the growth and mycorrhizal colonization of ‘Silver Queen’ corn (Zea mays) inoculated with VAM 80®, a mycorrhizal inoculum with spores, hyphae, and root pieces colonized by Glomus spp., used to inoculate California native plants in containers. Corn was used because it is the standard indicator plant used for mycorrhizal inoculum potential assays and it is a good host for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagation. The application of bifenthrin had no detrimental effects on mycorrhizal colonization of corn. There were no significant differences in the root length colonized by arbuscules, vesicles, or in the total percentage of mycorrhizal colonization obtained in the plants grown with the different bifenthrin rates 6 weeks after transplanting. However, there were significant interactions on the effects of bifenthrin and mycorrhizal colonization on plant growth. The addition of 12, 15, and 25 ppm of bifenthrin reduced corn biomass of nonmycorrhizal plants, but had no effect on the growth of mycorrhizal plants. There were no significant differences between the mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants grown with 0, 10, and 12 ppm of bifenthrin. In contrast, inoculation with VAM 80® increased the shoot dry weight of plants grown with 15 and 25 ppm of bifenthrin. This study showed that mycorrhizal colonization can be helpful to overcome some of the negative effects of bifenthrin on the growth of corn.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document