scholarly journals Evaluation of Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Commercial Production of Silver King (Aglaonema commutatum L.) Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 680b-680
Author(s):  
G.S. Guzman ◽  
I.C.A Alvarez ◽  
L.J. Farias
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

In the commercial production of silver king plants and other ornate plants, the substrates are treated with fungicides, which affect the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and the plant growth negatively. The restoration of de VAM fungi to the substrate, after its disinfection, might improvement the development. The effectiveness and infectiveness of Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus aggregatum on silver king (Aglaonema commutatum) plants was evaluated in this work. Seedlings of 4-week-old, growing treated with mancozeb, were removed and planted in pots filled with a disinfected mixture of sand soil, cow manure and coconut powder (1:2:2), containing the inoculum of VAM fungi (soil with spores and colonized roots). After 3 and 4 months of the inoculation, plants were removed and dry weight of roots and shoot, number and length of leaves, and mycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. A better development was showed in plants inoculated, resulting highest values in number and length of leaves in relation to control plants. Both VAM fungi improvement the number and length of leaves. The percentage root length colonized (80%) and visual density of endophyte in roots was highest in plants inoculated with Glomus aggregatum in both sampling period.

scholarly journals Response of Association Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi with Citrus macrophylla W. Rootstock

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 893G-894
Author(s):  
G.S. Guzmán ◽  
O.C.E. Cuevas ◽  
L.J. Farias ◽  
S.M. Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Soil Hyphae ◽  
Citrus Macrophylla ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Citrus macrophylla is an important citrus rootstock for Mexican lemon (Citrus aurantifolia S.). Citrus are highly dependent of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Four Glomus species were screened for their symbiotic response with C. macrophylla. Seedlings were inoculated with VAM fungi in pots containing sterilized soil. After 3 and 4 months, plants were harvested. Glomus fasciculatum (following by G. intraradices) gave the greatest improvements in growth, resulting in larger plant height and higher shoot dry weight. Glomus aggregatum, G. mosseae, and control plants showed the lowest rates of growth. Plants inoculated with the first three species showed the highest percent of root length colonized. However G. aggregatum gave the highest values of visual density of endophyte in root and soil hyphae. Root colonization and soil hyphae were lowest in plants with G. mosseae.

Responses of sugarcane, maize, and soybean to phosphorus and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kelly ◽  
D. G. Edwards ◽  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
R. C. Magarey
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
Yield Decline ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in long-term cane-growing fields associated with yield decline led to the supposition that VAM fungi may be responsible for the poor yields. A glasshouse trial was established to test the effectiveness of a species of VAM fungi, Glomus clarum, extracted from one of these North Queensland fields on the growth of sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific hybrid), maize (Zea mays), and soybean (Glycine max) for 6 phosphorus (P) rates (0, 2.7, 8.2, 25, 74, 222 mg/kg). For maize and soybean plants that received VAM (+VAM), root colonisation was associated with enhanced P uptake, improved dry weight (DW) production, and higher index tissue-P concentrations than those without VAM (–VAM). By comparing DW responses of maize and soybean for different P rates, savings in fertiliser P of up to 160 and 213 kg/ha, respectively, were realised. Sugarcane plants were generally less responsive. Apart from a 30% DW increase with VAM when 2.7 mg P/kg was added, DW of +VAM plants was equivalent to, or worse than in the case of 222 mg P/kg, DW of –VAM plants. For all 3 host species, colonisation was least at the highest P application, presumably from excessive P within the plant tissue. Critical P concentrations for the 3 host species were below those reported elsewhere, and for soybean and sugarcane, the critical concentration for +VAM plants was lower than that of –VAM plants. There are 3 implications that arise from this study. First, VAM fungi present in cane-growing soils can promote the growth of maize and soybean, which are potential rotation crops, over a range of P levels. Second, the mycorrhizal strain taken from this site did not generally contribute to a yield decline in sugarcane plants. Third, application of P fertiliser is not necessary for sugarcane when acid-extractable P is <30 mg/kg if sufficient VAM propagules are present, or mp;lt;47 mg/kg if a mycorrhizal response is not anticipated.

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

Susceptibility of barley cultivars to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
The University

The relative susceptibility of selected barley cultivars produced in western Canada to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi under field and greenhouse conditions was evaluated in this study. Cultivars tested under field conditions at the University of Alberta and Lacombe research stations showed no significant differences in VAM colonization of barley roots; colonization was light. Greenhouse trials at the University of Alberta with eight cultivars inoculated with individual mycorrhizal species illustrated significant differences among the barley cultivars in their reactions to Glomus dimorphicum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae. Distinct differences were observed in the ability of each Glomus species to colonize the barley cultivars. The VAM fungi increased growth and yield in some cultivars, depending on the Glomus species. This study indicates that a degree of host-specificity exists in VAM fungi and that the host-mycorrhizal fungus genotypes may influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Key words: Barley, cultivars, susceptibility, VA mycorrhizal fungi

Method and time of alfalfa termination affects cereal growth and weed populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
M. J. Clapperton ◽  
A. L. Boswall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
N Content ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Experiments were established on irrigated land at Lethbridge, Alberta, to determine the effect of timing and method of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) termination on weed abundance, soil moisture and N content, cereal yield and colonization of roots by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Alfalfa growth was terminated using no, minimum, and conventional tillage in either late summer, early fall, or spring. Herbicide was applied or tillage was used to control volunteer alfalfa, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber), stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.), and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader] before seeding cereals. Dandelion and volunteer alfalfa density tended to be greatest after no-tillage treatments, and poor in-crop alfalfa control likely reduced cereal yields in no-tillage plots. In contrast, the major in-crop broadleaf weed, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), was most dense (7 plants m-2) in tilled plots. Both wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yields were reduced 9 to 12% after alfalfa termination with no-tillage treatments compared with minimum or conventional tillage. In spring, after seeding, available soil N content averaged 138, 101 and 79 kg ha-1 for conventional-, minimum-and no-tillage plots, respectively; however, fall no-tillage treatments seemed to supply sufficient N for wheat and barley. Soil moisture content tended to be similar after all termination treatments. Wheat and barley responded differently to time and method of termination in terms of seedling root length and colonization by VAM fungi. The percentage of root colonized by VAM fungi was greater on both barley and wheat in no-tillage compared to cultivated treatments. It may be possible to have similar wheat and barley yields after no tillage and tilled alfalfa termination if no-tillage termination is initiated in fall and effective incrop herbicides are used for volunteer alfalfa and dandelion control. Key words: Alfalfa termination, no-tillage, N, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, weed density

COLONIZATION OF PEACH ROOTSTOCKS BY INDIGENOUS VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (VAM) FUNGI

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. TRAQUAIR ◽  
S. M. BERCH
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Peach Rootstocks ◽  
Scion Cultivar

Six-month-old seedling rootstocks of peach cultivars Siberian C, Bailey and Harrow Blood, and mature trees in a 4-yr-old orchard which was planted with rootstock cultivars Siberian C, Bailey, Harrow Blood, Chui Lum Tao, Tzim Pee Tao, Lovell, Halford, H7338013, H7338016 and H7338019 grafted with scion cultivar Redhaven, were rated for colonization by indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after growth in a local sandy soil. Feeder roots of all the rootstocks were heavily colonized. However, no significant differences between the cultivars were observed with respect to percentage of root lengths colonized under these field conditions. Fungi identified on the basis of spore extraction from soil around colonized roots included G. aggregatum, G. mosseae, G. tortuosum, Scutellospora aurigloba, and S. calospora.Key words: Intraspecific receptivity, endomycorrhizae, Prunus persica

scholarly journals Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Peat-based Substrates Enhance Symbiosis Establishment and Growth of Three Micropropagated Species

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
S. Parent ◽  
A. Gosselin ◽  
Y. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Term Benefit

Micropropagated plantlets of Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex Hook. F. `Terra Mix', Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott `Florida Ruffles', and Syngonium podophyllum Schott `White Butterfly' were inoculated with two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith and G. vesiculiferum Gerderman and Trappe. They were potted in three peat-based media to determine the effects of mycorrhizal peat substrate on acclimatization and subsequent growth of micropropagated plantlets under greenhouse conditions. Symbiosis was established between the three ornamental species and VAM fungi within 4 to 8 weeks of culture in the greenhouse, but not during acclimatization. Mortality of Gerbera and Nephrolepis mycorrhizal plantlets was reduced at week 8 compared to the noninoculated control. A peat-based substrate low in P and with good aeration improved VAM fungi spread and efficiency. Mycorrhizal substrates had a long-term benefit of increasing leaf and root dry weight of Gerbera and Nephrolepis. Mycorrhizal Gerbera plants flowered significantly faster than non-mycorrhizal plants.

scholarly journals The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth and root colonization of ten strawberry cultivars

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vestberg
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Dependency Index ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Ten strawberry cultivars, four early maturing, three late maturing and three “special” cultivars, were inoculated with six strains of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in a pot experiment. Growth effects and colonization of the VAM fungi were studied. Three strains, Glomus macrocarpum V3, G. mosseae Rothamsted and G. sp. V4, were highly efficient, causing significant growth increases in most cultivars. ’Jonsok’ showed the highest mycorrhizal dependency index, 648, and ’Ostara’ the lowest, 269, for the mean response of all six fungi. The fungal strains which increased shoot growth the most also increased the runner plant formation the most. Early cultivars showed higher colonization percentages than late maturing cultivars. Sporulation of the introduced VAM fungi was on average more abundant in early and special cultivars than in late cultivars. Root colonization and strawberry shoot dry weight correlated significantly in most cultivars, but the correlation between colonization and runner formation was generally poor.

DISTRIBUTION OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN SOILS POLLUTED WITH INDUSTRIAL AND SEWAGE EFFLUENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
JAYRAJ PANDEY ◽  
INDU SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sewage Effluents ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The microbial communities including VAM fungi get affected by the sewage and industrial effluent. About this there is not much information. Soil polluted with sewage effluents supported less VAM population than non-polluted. 44 VAM fungal species were collected and indentified.

scholarly journals Revegetation of Critical Land with Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) under Various Ameliorants Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Slamet Budi Yuwono ◽  
Alawiyah Alawiyah ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Dermiyati Dermiyati
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Limestone Soil ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Rehabilitation of post-mining limestone soils is often a challenge due to a lack of nutrients and poor soil humus. The research aims to study the effect of various ameliorants on soil chemical properties, growth, and P uptake of gaharu plant (Aquilaria malaccensis) in post-mining limestone soil for revegetation of critical land. The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatments were P0 (Control, without ameliorant); P1 (Humic Acid, HA, 4 kg ha-1 ); P2 (Phosphate Rocks, PR, 350 kg ha-1 ); P3 (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, AMF, 500 spores plant-1 ); P4 (HA+AMF); P5 (PR+AMF); and P6 (HA+PR+AMF). Data were analyzed using ANOVA at 95% confidence level and continued with the LSD test. The use of various types of ameliorants (HA, RP, and AMF) significantly increased root length, root volume, wet and dry weight of roots, shoot wet and dry weight, and P uptake of gaharu tree. The best ameliorant in increasing gaharu tree growth was AMF (P3) treatment, and AMF combined with HA (P4) treatment. Thus, for revegetation of critical land, especially post-mining limestone land, using gaharu tree requires HA and AMF inoculation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document