Heat-shock-induced Chilling Tolerance in Malvaceous Seedlings
Crops indigenous to the tropics and subtropics and some temperate crops suffer physiological injury when exposed to temperatures <12°C. Heat shock has induced chilling tolerance in a number of sensitive species (e.g., corn, cucumber, and tomato), but not in okra. To study this anomaly, we investigated the chilling sensitivity and heat shock response of a variety of Malvaceous species (i.e., cotton, hibiscus, kenaf, and okra). Seedlings with 8- to 12-mm long radicles were exposed to heat shock temperatures of 40 to 45°C for 2 to 12 minutes. Heat shocks were applied by two methods, floating the seeds in petri dishes on heated water and immersing the seeds in the heated water. The seedlings were held at 20°C for 2 hours after the heat treatments and then chilled at 2.5°C for 3 days. After chilling, seedlings were placed at 25°C for 3 additional days. The growth at 25°C was used as an assessment of chilling injury. Although there was a great deal of variability among the seedlings, a significant number of the okra and kenaf seedlings were more tolerant to chilling after heat shock: (i.e., more growth subsequent to chilling) compared to nonheat-shocked controls. More chilling tolerance was induced by the floating method than the immersion method. The response of cotton seedlings to heat-shock was variable, and the seedlings appeared damaged by even slight heat treatments (i.e., 4 minutes at 40°C). The variability in the capacity of heat-shocks to induce chilling tolerance in seedlings of Malvaceous species will be discussed.