scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Chilling Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 645b-645
Author(s):  
Kanogwan Kerdnaimongkol ◽  
Anju Bhatia ◽  
Robert J. Joly ◽  
William R. Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity

Diurnal variation in the chilling sensitivity of tomato seedlings was examined. Sensitivity to chilling in tomato seedlings is a response to light and not under the control of a circadian rhythm. Chilling sensitivity is highest in seedlings chilled at the end of the dark period, and these seedlings become more resistant to chilling injury upon exposure to the light. Diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity was associated with changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The results show an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of the light period. The recovery of the net photosynthesis rate following chilling was faster in seedlings chilled at the end of the light period. It is suggested that an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of light period before the chilling plays a role in the resistance to chilling stress in tomato seedlings. Forty-eight hours of 14°C acclimation or hydrogen peroxide pretreatment conferred chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings and were correlated with elevated catalase activity. Acclimated seedlings still exhibited diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity while hydrogen peroxide treated seedlings showed little evidence of a diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity. Transgenic tomato plants expressing an antisense catalase gene were generated. A several-fold decrease in total catalase has been detected in the leaf extracts of transformants. Preliminary analysis of these plants indicated that modification of reactive oxygen species scavenging in plant system can lead to change in oxidative stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Diurnal Variation in Chilling Sensitivity of Tomato Seedlings

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanogwan Kerdnaimongkol ◽  
Anju Bhatia ◽  
Robert J. Joly ◽  
William R. Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity

Diurnal variation in the chilling sensitivity of `Rutgers' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings was examined. Chilling sensitivity was highest in seedlings chilled at the end of the dark period, and these seedlings became more resistant to chilling injury on exposure to the light. The development of chilling tolerance in tomato seedlings was a response to light and not under the control of a circadian rhythm. The recovery of leaf gas exchange following chilling was faster in seedlings chilled at the end of the light period. Diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity was associated with changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. An increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was observed at the end of the light period. Catalase activity was significantly higher in all stages of chilling following the light period compared to those chilled after the end of the dark period. Forty-eight hours of 14 °C acclimation or pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide conferred increased chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings. Hydrogen peroxide-treated seedlings showed little evidence of a diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity. These results support a role for light and oxidative stress in conferring increased chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings.

Abscisic Acid-Induced Chilling Tolerance in Maize Seedlings Is Mediated by Nitric Oxide and Associated with Antioxidant System

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Li ◽  
Wan Zhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Contrary Effect

Abscisic acid (ABA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment significantly increased chilling tolerance in maize seedlings. ABA in combination with nitric oxide (NO) donor SNP further enhanced the ABA-induced chilling tolerance. But the addition of NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) nullified the increasing effect of SNP on chilling tolerance. In addition, the combination of ABA and PTIO decreased the ABA-induced chilling tolerance. Measurement of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and the level of lipid peroxidation (in terms of malondialdehyde) indicated that chilling stress induced an oxidative stress in maize seedlings. ABA treatment enabled maize seedlings to maintain higher SOD and CAT activities and lower level of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation under chilling stress. ABA in combination with SNP further enhanced the ABA-induced increase in SOD and CAT activities and lowered the chilling stress-induced lipid peroxidation in the ABA-treated seedlings. But the addition of PTIO scavenged the increasing effect of SNP. In addition, the combination of ABA and PTIO had a contrary effect with that of ABA and SNP. These results suggest that the ABA-induced chilling tolerance is mediated by NO, NO is involved in ABA-induced chilling tolerance by increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced endogenous H2O2 accumulation.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide Restored the Diurnal Variation in Cardiac Function of Aging Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Huaxing Zhang ◽  
Jing Dai ◽  
Danyang Tian ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Hongmei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Fractional Shortening ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

The present study was performed to investigate whether H2S could restore the diurnal variation in cardiac function of aging mice and explore the potential mechanisms. We found that ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in 3-month-old mice exhibited diurnal variations over a 24-hour period. However, the diurnal variations were disrupted in 18-month-old mice, and there was a decline in EF and FS. In addition, the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, and H2S concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were decreased in 18-month-old mice. Then, CSE KO mice were used to determine if there was a relationship between endogenous H2S and diurnal variations in EF and FS. There was no difference in 12-hour averaged EF and FS between dark and light periods in CSE KO mice accompanying increased MDA levels and decreased SOD activities in plasma, indicating that deficiency of endogenous H2S blunted diurnal variations of cardiac function. To determine whether oxidative stress disrupted the diurnal variations in cardiac function, D-galactose-induced subacute aging mice were employed. After 3-month D-gal treatment, both 12-hour averaged EF and FS in dark or light periods were decreased; meanwhile, there was no difference in 12-hour averaged EF and FS between dark and light periods. After 3-month NaHS treatment in the D-gal group, the plasma MDA levels were decreased and SOD activities were increased. The EF and FS were lower during the 12-hour light period than those during the 12-hour dark period which was fit to sine curves in the D-gal+NaHS group. Identical findings were also observed in 18-month-old mice. In conclusion, our studies revealed that the disrupted diurnal variation in cardiac function was associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased H2S levels in aging mice. H2S could restore the diurnal variation in cardiac function of aging mice by reducing oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Redox Status in Women with Rheumathoid Arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Vranic ◽  
Aleksandra Antovic ◽  
Nevena Draginic ◽  
Marijana Andjic ◽  
Marko Ravic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Female Population

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess oxidative status and to set baseline characteristics for female population with established rheumatoid arthritis. Total of 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 48 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Clinical examination was performed and assessed disease activity. Peripheral blood samples were used for all the assays. The markers of oxidative stress were assessed, including plasma levels of index of lipid peroxidation - thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, nitrites and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione levels as antioxidant parameters. In the patients group, levels of hydrogen peroxide and index of lipid peroxidation were higher than in controls. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity compared to healthy subjects. Interestingly, controls had higher levels of nitrites compared to patients. Patients showed a marked increase in reactive oxygen species formation and lipid peroxidation as well as decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense system leading to oxidative stress which may contribute to tissue and cartilage damage and hence to the chronicity of the disease.

In vitro selection of microspores for resistance to oxidative stress resulted in chilling tolerance in doubled haploid maize lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Eva Darkó ◽  
H. Ambrus ◽  
A. Szenzenstein ◽  
B. Barnabás
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Induced Changes

The chilling tolerance of doubled haploid (DH) maize plants selected and regenerated from microspores exposed to prooxidants, paraquat or tert-butyl hydroperoxide was determined by monitoring cold-induced changes in the photosynthetic electron transport, CO2 assimilation processes and chlorophyll breakdown in young leaves after cold treatment (8°C for 5 days). The results were compared to those of the non-selected DH line and the original hybrid plants. Chilling stress caused a great reduction in the Fv/Fm, qP and ΔF/Fm’ fluorescence parameters, related to the photosynthetic electron transport processes, and in carbon assimilation, and resulted in chlorophyll breakdown. These changes were less extensive in the selected DH plants, which showed elevated antioxidant capacity both at ambient and at low temperature. Among the antioxidant enzymes tested, the activity of GR and GST was induced by chilling stress to the greatest extent. Correlations between cold-induced changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and the antioxidant capacity of the plants suggested that the better protection against oxidative stress induced by the elevated antioxidant capacity of the plants contributed to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from cold.

scholarly journals The catalase and superoxide dismutase genes are transcriptionally up-regulated upon oxidative stress in the strictly anaerobic archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 1671-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei L. Brioukhanov ◽  
Alexander I. Netrusov ◽  
Rik I. L. Eggen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Methanosarcina Barkeri ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Stress Agent ◽  
Dot Blot Analysis

Methanosarcina barkeri is a strictly anaerobic methanogenic archaeon, which can survive oxidative stress. The oxidative stress agent paraquat (PQ) suppressed growth of M. barkeri at concentrations of 50–200 μM. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibited growth at concentrations of 0.4–1.6 mM. Catalase activity in cell-free extracts of M. barkeri increased about threefold during H2O2 stress (1.3 mM H2O2, 2–4 h exposure) and nearly twofold during superoxide stress (160 μM PQ, 2 h exposure). PQ (160 μM, 2–4 h exposure) and H2O2 (1.3 mM, 2 h exposure) also influenced superoxide dismutase activity in cell-free extracts of M. barkeri. Dot-blot analysis was performed on total RNA isolated from H2O2- and PQ-exposed cultures, using labelled internal DNA fragments of the sod and kat genes. It was shown that H2O2 but not PQ strongly induced up-regulation of the kat gene. PQ and to a lesser degree H2O2 induced the expression of superoxide dismutase. The results indicate the regulation of the adaptive response of M. barkeri to different oxidative stresses.

scholarly journals Contribution of Mn-Cofactored Superoxide Dismutase (SodA) to the Virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 5098-5106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Poyart ◽  
Elisabeth Pellegrini ◽  
Olivier Gaillot ◽  
Claire Boumaila ◽  
Marina Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Cell Extracts

ABSTRACT Superoxide dismutases convert superoxide anions to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which, in turn, is metabolized by catalases and/or peroxidases. These enzymes constitute one of the major defense mechanisms of cells against oxidative stress and hence play a role in the pathogenesis of certain bacteria. We previously demonstrated that group B streptococci (GBS) possess a single Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase (SodA). To analyze the role of this enzyme in the pathogenicity of GBS, we constructed a sodA-disrupted mutant of Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316 by allelic exchange. This mutant was subsequently cis complemented by integration into the chromosome of pAT113/Sp harboring the wild-typesodA gene. The SOD specific activity detected by gel analysis in cell extracts confirmed that active SODs were present in the parental and complemented strains but absent in thesodA mutant. The growth rates of these strains in standing cultures were comparable, but the sodA mutant was extremely susceptible to the oxidative stress generated by addition of paraquat or hydrogen peroxide to the culture medium and exhibited a higher mutation frequency in the presence of rifampin. In mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, the sodA mutant showed an increased susceptibility to bacterial killing by macrophages. In a mouse infection model, after intravenous injection the survival of thesodA mutant in the blood and the brain was markedly reduced in comparison to that of the parental and complemented strains whereas only minor effects on survival in the liver and the spleen were observed. These results suggest that SodA plays a role in GBS pathogenesis.

Further investigation of the mechanism of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) protection from oxidative stress in Escherichia coli

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Akbas ◽  
Tugrul Doruk ◽  
Serhat Ozdemir ◽  
Benjamin Stark
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment

AbstractIn Escherichia coli, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) protects against oxidative stress, perhaps, in part, by oxidizing OxyR. Here this protection, specifically VHb-associated effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels, was examined. Exponential or stationary phase cultures of SOD+ or SOD− E. coli strains with or without VHb and oxyR antisense were treated with 2 mM hydrogen peroxide without sublethal peroxide induction, and compared to untreated control cultures. The hydrogen peroxide treatment was toxic to both SOD+ and SOD− cells, but much more to SOD− cells; expression of VHb in SOD+ strains enhanced this toxicity. In contrast, the presence of VHb was generally associated in the SOD+ background with a modest increase in SOD activity that was not greatly affected by oxyR antisense or peroxide treatment. In both SOD+ and SOD− backgrounds, VHb was associated with higher catalase activity both in the presence and absence of peroxide. Contrary to its stimulatory effects in stationary phase, in exponential phase oxyR antisense generally decreased VHb levels.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Seedling Radicles to Chilling and Heat-shock-induced Chilling Tolerance

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 848C-848
Author(s):  
Abdur Rab ◽  
Mikal E. Saltveit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Shock Temperature ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Shock Proteins

Chilling sensitivity increased as the radicle of germinating corn (Zea mays L. `Jubilee' hybrid), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. `Poinsett 76'), mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb. `Berkin'), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Rio Grande') seeds increased in length from 1 to 7 mm. In contrast, radicles of germinating okra (Hibiscus esculentus L. `Clemson' spineless) seeds exhibited similar levels of chilling sensitivity at all radicle lengths. The degree of chilling sensitivity varied among the species in relation to time required to elicit a significant response and the magnitude of the elicited response. Based on subsequent radicle elongation, okra and cucumber were the most sensitive species to chilling at 2.5C for 96 h; tomato and corn were relatively less sensitive, and mung bean was the least sensitive. This pattern of sensitivities changed when other criteria were used to evaluate chilling sensitivity. The development of lateral roots decreased with prolonged chilling in all species, except for corn in which the apical tip remained viable even after 192 h of chilling. Heat shock (0 to 10 min at 45C) induced chilling tolerance in all species, except okra. In okra, neither increasing the heat shock temperature nor decreasing the severity of chilling (i.e., temperature and duration of exposure) resulted in a significant reduction in chilling injury. The differential induction of heat shock proteins in okra and the other species is discussed.

scholarly journals H2O2 Functions as a Downstream Signal of IAA to Mediate H2S-Induced Chilling Tolerance in Cucumber

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12910
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Chenxiao Xu ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Huangai Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sodium Hydrosulfide ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Transport Inhibitor

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a crucial role in regulating chilling tolerance. However, the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and auxin in H2S-induced signal transduction in the chilling stress response of plants was unclear. In this study, 1.0 mM exogenous H2O2 and 75 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) significantly improved the chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings, as demonstrated by the mild plant chilling injury symptoms, lower chilling injury index (CI), electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde content (MDA) as well as higher levels of photosynthesis and cold-responsive genes under chilling stress. IAA-induced chilling tolerance was weakened by N, N′-dimethylthiourea (DMTU, a scavenger of H2O2), but the polar transport inhibitor of IAA (1-naphthylphthalamic acid, NPA) did not affect H2O2-induced mitigation of chilling stress. IAA significantly enhanced endogenous H2O2 synthesis, but H2O2 had minimal effects on endogenous IAA content in cucumber seedlings. In addition, the H2O2 scavenger DMTU, inhibitor of H2O2 synthesis (diphenyleneiodonium chloride, DPI), and IAA polar transport inhibitor NPA reduced H2S-induced chilling tolerance. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) increased H2O2 and IAA levels, flavin monooxygenase (FMO) activity, and respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH1) and FMO-like protein (YUCCA2) mRNA levels in cucumber seedlings. DMTU, DPI, and NPA diminished NaHS-induced H2O2 production, but DMTU and DPI did not affect IAA levels induced by NaHS during chilling stress. Taken together, the present data indicate that H2O2 as a downstream signal of IAA mediates H2S-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings.

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