Effect of Humic Acid Seed Treatments on Growth and Development of Seedlings

Seed of Cucumis sativus and Pelargonium ×hortorum were imbibed for 24 hours in solutions containing 0 (deionized water), 2500, 5000, 10,000, and 20,000 ppm humic acid. Additional treatments included seed which were imbibed in nutrient solutions corresponding to the nutrient content of each humic acid solution as well as an untreated dry control. Percent germination was reduced for geranium seed imbibed in 20,000 ppm humic acid and for cucumber seed imbibed in either 20,000 ppm humic acid or the corresponding nutrient control. Root fresh weights for untreated and water imbibed geranium seed were 0.05 g. Humic acid treatment increased root fresh weights to a maximum of 0.14 g at 5000 and 10,000 ppm. Shoot fresh weights for geranium were 0.12 and 0.10 g for untreated and water imbibed seed, respectively. Humic acid treatment increased shoot fresh weight to a maximum of 0.18 at 2500 ppm. Root fresh weights for cucumber were 0.16 and 0.18 g for untreated and water imbibed seeds, respectively. Humic acid treatment increased root fresh weight to a maximum of 0.33 g at 10,000 ppm. Shoot fresh weights for cucumber were 0.31 and 0.38 g for untreated and water imbibed seed, respectively. Humic acid treatment increased shoot fresh weight to a maximum of 0.43 at 10,000 ppm.

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Effect of Humic Acid Substrate Drenches on Growth and Development of Seedlings

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.438b ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 438B-438

Author(s):

Jack A. Hartwigsen ◽

Michael R. Evans

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Tagetes Patula ◽

Cucumber Root ◽

Acid Substrate ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Pelargonium × hortorum (geranium), Tagetes patula (marigold), and Cucurbita pepo (squash) seed were sown into plug cells (5 ml volume) filled with a germination substrate containing peat, vermiculite, and perlite. After the seed were sown, the substrate was saturated with solution containing 0 (deionized water) 2500, or 5000 mg/L humic acid (HA). Additional treatments included seed which were sown into the substrate and saturated with nutrient solutions corresponding to the nutrient concentration of each humic acid solution. Seed were placed in a growth chamber and maintained at 22°C and under a 12-h photoperiod with a PPF of 275 μmol·m–2·s–1. After 10 d for cucumber and squash and 14 d for marigold and geranium, plants were harvested and root and shoot fresh mass recorded. Shoot fresh mass was not significantly affected by treatment for any of the species tested. Except for squash, root fresh mass was significantly increased by humic acid treatments. For cucumber, root fresh mass ranged from 0.24 g in deionized water to 0.34 g in 2500 and 5000 mg/L HA. Geranium root fresh mass ranged from 0.03 g in deionized water and 5000 mg/L HA to 0.05 g in 2500 mg/L HA. Marigold root fresh mass ranged from 0.02 g in deionized water to 0.03 g in 2500 and 5000 mg/L HA. Root fresh mass for nutrient controls were similar to those for deionized water.

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Humic Acid Seed and Substrate Treatments Promote Seedling Root Development

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1231 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1231-1233 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jack A. Hartwigsen ◽

Michael R. Evans

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Tagetes Patula ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Seedling Root

Seed of Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H. Bailey `Freckles' (geranium) and Tagetes patula L. `Bonanza' (marigold) were soaked for 12, 24, or 48 h in solutions containing 0 (deionized water), 5000, 10,000, or 15,000 mg·L-1 humic acid (HA) or nutrient controls (NC) containing similar levels of nutrients prior to planting. Soaking in deionized water (DI) and NC treatments had no significant effect on root fresh weight. However, several of the HA treatments increased root fresh weight of marigold seedlings, and all increased geranium root fresh weight. Percentage of germination and shoot fresh weight were not significantly affected by treatment. Seed of Cucumis sativus L. `Salad Bush' (cucumber), Cucurbita pepo L. `Golden Summer Crookneck' (squash), `Freckles' geranium and `Bonanza' marigold were sown into 15-cell plug trays (5 mL volume), and the substrate was drenched with DI, 2500 or 5000 mg·L-1 HA, or 2500 or 5000 mg·L-1 NC. DI and NC treatments did not affect root fresh weight. However, cucumber, squash, and marigold seedlings germinated in substrate drenched with 2500 and 5000 mg·L-1 HA and geranium seedlings germinated in substrate drenched with 2500 mg·L-1 HA had significantly higher root fresh weight than did seedlings from all other treatments. Percentage of germination and shoot fresh weight were not significantly affected by treatment. `Salad Bush' cucumber and `Golden Summer Crookneck' squash seedlings germinated on germination towels soaked with 2500 or 5000 mg·L-1 HA, had significantly higher root fresh weight than did seedlings germinated on towels soaked with DI or NC solutions. Treatment with HA did not affect shoot fresh weight or the number of lateral roots. However, HA treatment increased the total length of lateral roots. The increase in lateral root growth occurred primarily in lateral roots developing from the lower hypocotyl.

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Hydroponic Fertilizer Supply for Basil Using Controlled-release Fertilizer

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15121-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 1683-1691

Author(s):

Fernanda Trientini ◽

Paul R. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Small Scale ◽

Single Application ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight

Small-scale hydroponics is a growing urban horticulture trend, but nutrient solution management remains a challenge for small growers. The objective was to investigate the potential to use controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) to simplify nutrient management in small-scale hydroponic systems. Three experiments were conducted with the goal of a single fertilizer application during the crop cycle of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Nutrient release curves were quantified by adding prills to water and measuring nutrient content weekly in the solution for CRF products without plants. In all seven products tested (Osmocote Bloom 2–3M, Osmocote Plus 3–4M, E-Max Calcium Nitrate 2–3M, Agrocote MAP 3–4M, E-Max Keiserite 3–4M, E-Max K-Mag 2–3M, and Agrocote SOP 3–4M) an initial rapid release was followed by a plateau, but release rates differed between products varying from 100% (MgSO4) to 60% release [(NH4).(H2PO4)] over an 11-week evaluation period. Total nutrient content in two commercial N–P–K CRF products (3–4 months 15N–3P–10K and 2–3 months 12N–3.1P–14.9K) provided lower Ca and Mg compared with a typical hydroponic solution based on water-soluble fertilizer (WSF). A subsequent experiment evaluated plant growth response using the same two commercial CRF products (single application) or a WSF (replaced weekly) in growth chamber environment. Plants grown for 4 weeks under CRF treatments yielded less than half the shoot fresh weight of plants grown with WSF and exhibited symptoms of Ca deficiency and micronutrient toxicity (confirmed with tissue analysis). Electrical conductivity (EC) of CRF solutions increased over time indicating excess dose compared with plant uptake, reaching a maximum of 5.4 dS·m−1. Nutrient release curves from the first experiment were then used to estimate product release and create a single-application nutritional program based on a customized “Blend” developed from CRF macronutrients plus WSF micronutrients. Plants were grown hydroponically with two dosages of Blend (1X and 2X) and compared with a commercial WSF with weekly replacement of solution. Blend 2X and WSF treatments had similar shoot fresh weight (241 and 244 g/four plants, respectively) with healthy plant appearance and tissue nutrient levels generally within published survey ranges for basil. Commercial CRF products designed for soil or container production were unsuitable for hydroponics, but acceptable plant performance with the customized CRF Blend demonstrated proof-of-concept for a single CRF application.

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Insecticides Do Not Affect Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Response to Imazaquin and Imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500076165 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 269-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alan C. York ◽

John W. Wilcut

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Main Stem ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Organophosphate Insecticides ◽

Stand Yield ◽

Insecticide Control

Field and greenhouse experiments evaluated interactions of soil-applied insecticides and imazaquin and imazethapyr on growth and development of cotton. Imazaquin and imazethapyr were applied PPI at 0 to 6 and 0 to 16 g ae ha−1, respectively, in the greenhouse (plus a no-insecticide control), and 0 to 72 g ha−1in the field in combination with aldicarb, disulfoton, and phorate (without a no-insecticide control) applied in the seed furrow. Cotton shoot fresh weight in the greenhouse experiment decreased linearly as herbicide rates increased. Greater reductions in shoot fresh weight were noted with imazaquin than with imazethapyr. Compared with no insecticide, the methylcarbamate insecticide aldicarb and the organophosphate insecticides disulfoton and phorate did not affect cotton response to either herbicide. In the field, cotton injury increased while stand, yield, and maturity decreased as herbicide rates increased. Delayed maturity was due to a lower percentage of bolls produced on sympodia from main stem nodes four to nine. Imazaquin caused greater injury, greater reductions in stand, greater delays in maturity, and lower yields than did imazethapyr. Earlier maturity was noted with aldicarb-treated cotton. Compared with aldicarb, disulfoton and phorate did not alter cotton response to imazaquin or imazethapyr.

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Growth and Development of Euphorbia pulcherrima `Freedom' and Lilium longiflorum `Nellie White' in Sphagnum Peat- and Coir Dust-based Substrates

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.657a ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 657a-657

Author(s):

Andrew A. Waber ◽

Michael R. Evans

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Lilium Longiflorum ◽

Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

Lateral Shoots ◽

Coir Dust

Euphorbia pulcherrima `Freedom' (poinsettia) were grown in coir dust, sphagnum peat, and perlite at the following ratios (respectively) 20:0:80, 40:0:60, 60:0:40, 80:0:20, 0:20:80, 0:40:60, 0:60:40, and 0:80:20 (v/v) substrates. Days to anthesis were not significantly different between substrates. Heights were greater for plants produced in 80% coir compared to plants grown in 80% peat. Overall, plants grown in coir-based substrates were taller than plants grown in peat-based substrates. Plants grown in 60% coir had a greater number of lateral shoots, increased shoot fresh weight and increased bract area compared to plants grown in 60% peat. Overall, plants grown in coir-based substrates had greater shoot fresh weights compared to plants grown in peat-based substrates. Lilium longiflorum `Nellie White' (lily) plants were grown in 40:0:20:40, 0:40:20:40, 0:57:14:28, 0:73:9:18 (v/v sphagnum peat: coir dust: loam: perlite) substrates. As the proportion of coir in the substrate increased, height, and shoot and root fresh weights increased. Nodes to flower, days to flower, and number of flowers were not significantly affected by substrate.

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Hümik Asit Uygulamasının Kıvırcık Salata Bitkisinde Ağır Metal Stresi Zararını Azaltma Etkisi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v4i6.431-437.542 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 431

Author(s):

Fatma Özkay ◽

Sevinç Kıran ◽

Şebnem Kuşvuran ◽

Şeküre Şebnem Ellialtıoğlu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Heavy Metal Stress ◽

Metal Stress ◽

Antioxidative Enzyme Activities ◽

Irrigation Levels ◽

Positive Effect

In this study was carried out to determine the effects of humic acid in heavy metal stress of lettuce changes in some of the morphological and physiological characteristics. In studies conducted in controlled greenhouse conditions, lettuce plants subjected to four different 4 different humic acid levels humic acid doses (0, 2, 4, 8 L/da) and 4 different heavy metal irrigation levels (Control: 0 ppm; I. mixture: 0.2 ppm Cu + 0.01 ppm Cd + 5 ppm Pb + 2 ppm Zn; II. mixture: : 0.4 ppm Cu + 0.02 ppm Cd + 10 ppm Pb + 4 ppm Zn; III. mixture: 0.8 ppm Cu + 0.04 ppm Cd + 20 ppm Pb + 8 ppm Zn). Four weeks after at heavy metal and humic acid treatment young plants were harvested and the shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, shoot and root length, and leaf areas, MDA, superoxyde dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) were determined. The most highly toxic effects were determinate III. mixture level (0.8 ppm Cu + 0.04 ppm Cd + 20 ppm Pb + 8 ppm Zn). MDA and antioxidative enzyme activities increased in plants irrigated with water containing a mixture of heavy metal. Humic acid applications had a positive effect on reducing of the limiting effect of heavy metal stress on growth and development.

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Humic Acid Promotion of Root Development on Euphorbia pulcherrima Cuttings

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.477a ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 477A-477

Author(s):

James N. Smith ◽

Michael R. Evans

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Acid Solution ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Root Development ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽

Acid Solutions ◽

Mineral Element ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Vegetative 6-cm Euphorbia pulcherrima `Freedom' cuttings were placed in black 200-ml bottles containing humic acid solutions, nutrient solutions, or deionized water. Humic acid solutions were prepared using Enersol SC (American Colloid, Arlington Heights, Ill.). Concentrations of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L humic acid were compared to solutions containing mineral element concentrations equivalent to those contained in humic acid solutions. After 4 weeks, 88%, 75%, and 88% of cuttings had rooted in the 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L humic acid solutions, respectively. Cuttings placed in nutrient controls or deionized water failed to form roots after 4 weeks. Average root fresh mass was 175, 80, and 72 mg for cuttings placed in 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L humic acid solution, respectively. Average number of roots formed per cutting ranged from 21 in the 500-mg/L solution to 6 in the 1000-mg/L solution. Average lengths ranged from 26 mm in the 500-mg/L to 12 in the 1000-mg/L solution. As humic acid concentration increased, average root fresh mass, average number of roots, and the length of the longest root significantly decreased.

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EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND GRASSING TO CHANGE SOME OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MINING OF BROWN CALCAREOUS SOILS

Agricultural Technologies ◽

10.35599/agritech/01.01.04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Ruzimurod B. Boimurodov ◽

Zebinisso Q. Bobokhonova

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Humic Acids ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Sharp Increase ◽

Humus Content ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Humus Accumulation

In this article is showing, that the irrigation mountain brown carbonate soils prone methods of irrigation and grassing comes the rapid growth and development of natural vegetation, which leads to intensive humus accumulation. Humus content in the upper layer is increased by 0.98% and a significantly smaller severely eroded. Increasing the amount of humus promotes accumulation mainly humic acids, that conducts to expansion of relations the content of humic acid: The content of folic acid. When grassing of soil traced sharp increase in the number associated with the related and R2 O3 humic acid.

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Genotype-Dependent Tipburn Severity During Lettuce Hydroponic Culture Is Associated with Altered Nutrient Leaf Content

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040616 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 616

Author(s):

Virginia Birlanga ◽

José Ramón Acosta-Motos ◽

José Manuel Pérez-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Production Methods ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Nutrient Solutions ◽

Nutrient Traits

Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important leafy vegetables in the world, and most of the production is concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin. Hydroponics has been successfully utilized for lettuce cultivation, which could contribute to the diversification of production methods and the reduction of water consumption and excessive fertilization. We devised a low-cost procedure for closed hydroponic cultivation and easy phenotyping of root and shoot attributes of lettuce. We studied 12 lettuce genotypes of the crisphead and oak-leaf subtypes, which differed on their tipburn resistance, for three growing seasons (Fall, Winter, and Spring). We found interesting genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for some of the studied traits during early growth. By analyzing tipburn incidence and leaf nutrient content, we were able to identify a number of nutrient traits that were highly correlated with cultivar- and genotype-dependent tipburn. Our experimental setup will allow evaluating different lettuce genotypes in defined nutrient solutions to select for tipburn-tolerant and highly productive genotypes that are suitable for hydroponics.

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