scholarly journals Interseeding Legumes into Chile: Legume Productivity and Effect on Chile Yield

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Guldan ◽  
Charles A. Martin ◽  
Jose Cueto-Wong ◽  
Robert L. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
High Desert

Three legumes [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaerth.), and black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)] were interseeded into `New Mexico 6-4' chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) when plants were 20–30 cm tall (3 Aug., “early” interseeding) or when plants were 30–40 cm tall (16–17 Aug., “late” interseeding) in 1993 and 1994. Our objectives were to determine the effect of legume interseeding on cumulative chile yield, and late-season dry-matter and nitrogen yields of aboveground portions of the legumes. Legumes were harvested on 8 Nov. 1993 and 15 Nov. 1994. Chile yield was not significantly affected by legume interseeding. In 1993, legumes accumulated 57% more dry matter and 55% more N when interseeded 3 Aug. vs. 16 Aug. In 1994, legumes accumulated 91% more dry matter and 86% more N when interseeded 3 Aug. vs. 17 Aug. Aboveground dry-matter yields in 1993 ranged from 1350 kg·ha–1 for black lentil interseeded late to 3370 kg·ha–1 for hairy vetch interseeded early. Nitrogen yields ranged from 52 kg·ha–1 for black lentil interseeded late to 136 kg·ha–1 for hairy vetch interseeded early. In 1994, hairy vetch was the highest yielding legume with dry matter at 1810 kg·ha–1 and N at 56 kg·ha–1 interseeded early, while black lentil yielded the lowest with dry matter at 504 kg·ha–1 and N at 17 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. In the spring following each interseeding year, we observed that hairy vetch had overwintered well, whereas barrel medic and black lentil had not, except when a few plants of barrel medic survived the winter of 1994–95. Results from this study indicate that legumes can be successfully interseeded into chile in the high-desert region of the southwestern United States without a significant decrease in chile yield.

scholarly journals Dry-matter and Nitrogen Yields of Legumes Interseeded into Sweet Corn

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Guldan ◽  
Charles A. Martin ◽  
Jose Cueto-Wong ◽  
Robert L. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Nitrogen Yields

Five legumes [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaerth.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)] were interseeded into sweet corn (Zea mays L.) at last cultivation when sweet corn was at about the V9 (early) or blister (late) stage. The effect of legume interseeding on sweet corn yield, and late-season dry-matter and N yields of aboveground portions of the legumes was determined. Sweet corn yield was not affected by legume interseeding. In 1993, legume dry-matter yields were 1420 kg·ha–1 interseeded early and 852 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. Nitrogen yields were 49 kg·ha–1 interseeded early and 33 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. In 1994, dry-matter yields were 2760 kg·ha–1 interseeded early and 1600 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. Nitrogen yields were 83 kg·ha–1 interseeded early and 50 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. In 1993, barrel medic was the highest-yielding legume with dry matter at 2420 kg·ha–1 and N at 72 kg·ha–1 interseeded early, while red clover yielded the lowest with dry matter at 340 kg·ha–1 and N at 12 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. In 1994, dry-matter and N yields ranged from 4500 and 131 kg·ha–1, respectively, for early interseeded barrel medic to 594 kg·ha–1 and 16 kg·ha–1, respectively, for late interseeded red clover.

scholarly journals Interseeding Legumes into Chile: Legume Benefits to a Following Crop of Forage Sorghum

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Guldan ◽  
Charles A. Martin ◽  
William C. Lindemann ◽  
Jose Cueto-Wong ◽  
Robert L. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Significant Difference

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaerth.), and black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) were interseeded into `New Mexico 6-4' chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) when plants were 8 to 12 inches tall or 12 to 16 inches tall in 1993 and 1994. Hairy vetch overwintered well both years, whereas barrel medic and black lentil did not. Spring aboveground dry mass yields of hairy vetch averaged 2.11 and 2.57 tons per acre in 1994 and 1995, respectively, while N accumulation averaged 138 and 145 pounds per acre in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] dry mass yield and N accumulation were significantly higher following hairy vetch than following the other legumes or no-legume control. There was no significant difference between forage sorghum yields following barrel medic, black lentil, or the no-legume control. Fertilizer replacement values (FRV) for the legumes were calculated from regression equations for forage sorghum dry mass yield as a function of N fertilizer rate. FRV for hairy vetch were at least 7-times higher than for either barrel medic or black lentil. Hairy vetch interseeded into chile pepper and managed as a winter annual can significantly increase the yield of a following crop compared to a nonfertilized control.

scholarly journals Notes on Stenochiini Kirby, 1837 genera and species from western North America (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Dugesiana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
M. Andrew Johnston ◽  
◽  
Kevin Cortés Hernández ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
First Time ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The tribe Stenochiini Kirby, 1837 comprises six genera in North America with most species occurring in the tropical and temperateregions of the continent. Only two species in the genus Strongylium Kirby, 1818 have previously been reported from west of theContinental Divide in the United States from Arizona and New Mexico and no members of the tribe have been reported from the stateof Sonora, Mexico. We here report Strongylium tenuicolle (Say, 1826), known to be widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains,from west of the Continental Divide for the first time from both Arizona and New Mexico. We similarly report the first records ofboth Strongylium apache Triplehorn and Spilman, 1973 and Strongylium atrum Champion, 1888 from Sonora. Oploptera chamelensis(Doyen, 1990) was previously known only from the type series from Jalisco, Mexico and is here reported from Sonora, which thereby extends the known range of this genus significantly. To promote consistency in generic recognition, we propose the transfer of Oploptera simplicicollis (LeConte, 1878) New Combination from Strongylium for the species distributed across the southeastern United States. Species diagnoses are given, and generic boundaries are discussed along with the expected diversity of the Sonoran Desert region.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization on Forage Yields and Quality of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa, Roth) Triticale (Xtritcosecale, Witmack) Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Salah BenYoussef ◽  
Salma S. Kachout ◽  
Sourour Abidi ◽  
Bilal Saddem ◽  
Jamila Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Forage Yields

Background: Intercropping legumes with cereals for forage production is a sustainable technique showing several environmental benefits. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on forage yields and quality of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa, roth) –triticale (X tritcosecale, witmack) mixtures. Methods: The effect of five increasing nitrogen rates (0, 10, 20 30 and 50 kg N ha-1) on the growth rate, forage yield, quality and interspecific competition of hairy vetch-winter triticale mixture was investigated under rainfed regime at the INRAT experimental station of Mornag. Results: Nitrogen application induced an increase in dry matter yield from 7.6 to 9 T DM ha-1 obtained with 30 kg N ha-1. This rate corresponds to the most efficient nitrogen rate as expressed by kg DM per Kg of added N. It reached a mean value of 47 kg DM kg-1 N. Moreover, application of increasing nitrogen rate caused an increase in LER (Land Equivalent Ratio) of the mixture over the unit (LER=1.58 at 30 kg N ha-1) and the competition ability of the triticale through CRt increase, suggesting the advantage of the mixture over sole crops. Crude protein content has been increased by two points from zero nitrogen application to other rates. However, no evident variation in fibers and Metabolizable Energy (ME) content was detected along with nitrogen application, but, mean values of 18% of CP content, 34% of NDF content and 9.7 Mj kg-1 DM of ME were denoted as high forage nutritional values compared to other most Tunisian conventional forages. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that hairy vetch intercrops with winter triticale produced higher dry matter than the common vetch sole crop.

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF HAIRY VETCH (Vicia Villosa roth) POISONING IN ARGENTINA (2004- 2019)

Toxicon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Aguirre ◽  
Germán Cantón ◽  
Eleonora Morrell ◽  
Gabriela V. Sandoval ◽  
Diego M. Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa

Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Stylosanthes: Effect of Different Root Temperatures at two Shoot Temperatures

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Date ◽  
D. Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Controlled Environments

SUMMARYNodulated plants of Stylosanthes hamata, S. guianensis, S. humilis, S. scabra and S. fruticosa were grown in controlled environments with varied root and shoot temperatures. Measurement of dry matter and nitrogen content suggested that shoot temperature may be more important than root temperature in controlling growth and nitrogen fixation. There were strong interactions with variety. A fall in relative growth rate with increase in shoot temperature was least for S. guianensis and greatest for S. hamata and S. scabra. The optimum root temperature for growth and nitrogen fixation was approximately 30°C. Ninety percent maximum yield was achieved between root temperatures of 15–36°C for growth and 23–34°C for nitrogen fixation but varied with variety. Nitrogen fixation was more sensitive than dry weight to root temperature. The pattern of response of percentage nitrogen and nitrogen fixation efficiency reflected those for dry weight and nitrogen yields. Shoot to root ratios decreased toward the optimum root temperature then increased at the highest temperature. The reaction of varieties to root and shoot temperatures may be an important factor in determining their suitability for new regions.

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