scholarly journals Inheritance of Alternaria Late Blight Resistance in Pistachio

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 494C-494
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng T. Chao ◽  
Themis J. Michailides ◽  
Dan E. Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Alternaria late blight of pistachio caused by Alternaria alternata, has become a serious problem in pistachio orchards in California. As part of the California pistachio improvement program, we evaluated the resistance/susceptibility of the breeding progenies to Alternaria late blight at two locations. The heritability of resistance ranged from 0.35 to 0.38 based on half-sib progenies analysis. Open-pollinated (OP) progenies from three cultivars showed moderate to high resistance. Greenhouse inoculation confirmed that OP progenies of cultivars Bronte and Trabonella had the greatest resistance. OP progenies of cultivar Red Aleppo were highly susceptible in greenhouse inoculations compared to moderate resistance found in field evaluations. OP progenies of the only commercial cultivar Kerman in California were susceptible in both field and greenhouse evaluation. The results show the potential for development of resistant cultivars is available in the breeding population of the California pistachio improvement program.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Stability and Genome-Wide Association Study of Late Blight Resistance in Potato Genotypes Adapted to the Tropical Highlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannele Lindqvist-Kreuze ◽  
Manuel Gastelo ◽  
Willmer Perez ◽  
Gregory A. Forbes ◽  
David de Koeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Tropical Highlands ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
The Stability

Potato genotypes from a breeding population adapted to tropical highlands were analyzed for the stability of late blight resistance and also for marker-phenotype association. We harmonized the historical evaluation data, consisting of observations spanning 6 years from two field sites utilizing a resistance scale constructed by comparing the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values of 172 genotypes with that of susceptible control ‘Yungay’. In total, 70 potato genotypes had a coefficient of variability <0.5 and were considered stable across the environments tested. A principal component analysis demonstrated that the ensemble of experiments formed two distinct groups that reflect the stability of genotype resistance to late blight. Phytophthora infestans isolates present in the experimental fields belonged to the EC-1 clonal lineage and showed variation in virulence beyond the concept of the avirulence determined by the conventionally used R1-R11 differential set. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker on chromosome 9 was associated with late blight resistance and linked to instability. Genotypes with either AACC or AAAC combinations for this SNP were highly resistant only in some environments, while the genotypes with the AAAA combination had more moderate levels of resistance but were stable across environments.

scholarly journals Differential Susceptibility of 39 Tomato Varieties to Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage US-23

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1666-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. R. Hansen ◽  
I. M. Small ◽  
M. Mutschler ◽  
W. E. Fry ◽  
C. D. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
High Level

During the summers of 2012 and 2013, 39 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) lines or varieties were evaluated for resistance to late blight in three separate field trials. In each trial, late blight was caused by field isolates of Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23. Varieties with the late blight resistance genes Ph-1, Ph-2, Ph-3, and Ph-2 + Ph-3 were included, along with several heirloom varieties with grower-reported resistance and varieties with no known resistance. All six varieties with Ph-2 + Ph-3, along with NC25P, which is homozygous for Ph-3 only, showed a high level of resistance. Plum Regal F1, which is heterozygous for Ph-3 only, showed moderate resistance. Legend, the only variety with Ph-2 alone, also showed moderate resistance. Three heirloom varieties, Matt's Wild Cherry, Lemon Drop, and Mr. Stripey, showed a high level of resistance comparable with that of varieties with Ph-2 + Ph-3. New Yorker, possessing Ph-1 only, showed no resistance. Indeterminate varieties had significantly less disease than determinate varieties in two of the three trials. Overall, this study suggests that tomato varieties with both Ph-2 and Ph-3 can be used to effectively manage late blight caused by P. infestans clonal lineage US-23. Varieties possessing only Ph-2, or heterozygous for Ph-3, were better protected than those without any late blight resistance but might still require supplemental fungicide applications, while the variety that was homozygous for Ph-3 was highly resistant. Several heirloom varieties were also highly resistant, and the unknown mechanism of their resistance warrants further research. Finally, the plasticity observed in United States P. infestans populations over the past several decades necessitates continued monitoring for genetic changes within P. infestans that could lead to the breakdown of resistance reported here.

scholarly journals Mutations introduced in susceptibility genes through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing confer increased late blight resistance in potatoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Phuong Kieu ◽  
Marit Lenman ◽  
Eu Sheng Wang ◽  
Bent Larsen Petersen ◽  
Erik Andreasson
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Growth Phenotype ◽  
Allelic Deletion ◽  
S Genes

AbstractThe use of pathogen-resistant cultivars is expected to increase yield and decrease fungicide use in agriculture. However, in potato breeding, increased resistance obtained via resistance genes (R-genes) is hampered because R-gene(s) are often specific for a pathogen race and can be quickly overcome by the evolution of the pathogen. In parallel, susceptibility genes (S-genes) are important for pathogenesis, and loss of S-gene function confers increased resistance in several plants, such as rice, wheat, citrus and tomatoes. In this article, we present the mutation and screening of seven putative S-genes in potatoes, including two DMR6 potato homologues. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, which conferred co-expression of two guide RNAs, tetra-allelic deletion mutants were generated and resistance against late blight was assayed in the plants. Functional knockouts of StDND1, StCHL1, and DMG400000582 (StDMR6-1) generated potatoes with increased resistance against late blight. Plants mutated in StDND1 showed pleiotropic effects, whereas StDMR6-1 and StCHL1 mutated plants did not exhibit any growth phenotype, making them good candidates for further agricultural studies. Additionally, we showed that DMG401026923 (here denoted StDMR6-2) knockout mutants did not demonstrate any increased late blight resistance, but exhibited a growth phenotype, indicating that StDMR6-1 and StDMR6-2 have different functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the mutation and screening of putative S-genes in potatoes, including two DMR6 potato homologues.

Development of the gene-based SCARs for the Ph-3 locus, which confers late blight resistance in tomato

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghoon Park ◽  
Jihyun Hwang ◽  
Kwanghwan Kim ◽  
Jumsoon Kang ◽  
Byungsup Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance

Review article: Complexity of late blight resistance in potato and its potential in cultivar improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hajianfar ◽  
Zs. Polgár ◽  
I. Wolf ◽  
A. Takács ◽  
I. Cernák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Cultivar Improvement

scholarly journals Virulence of Phytophthora infestans isolates from potato in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Jose Ignacio Ruiz de Galarreta ◽  
Alba Alvarez-Morezuelas ◽  
Nestor Alor ◽  
Leire Barandalla ◽  
Enrique Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Incompatibility Reactions

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is responsible for the disease known as late blight in potato and tomato. It is the plant pathogen that has caused the greatest impact on humankind so far and, despite all the studies that have been made, it remains the most important in this crop. In Spain during the last years a greater severity of the disease has been observed in both, potato and tomato, probably due to genetic changes in pathogen populations described recently. The aim of this study was the characterization of the physiological strains of 52 isolates of P. infestans obtained in different potato-growing areas in Spain. For this purpose, inoculations on detached leaves were performed in order to determine compatibility or incompatibility reactions. A total of 17 physiological races were found. The less frequent virulence factors were Avr5 and Avr8. By studying the epidemiology of the pathogen, a specific breeding program for late blight resistance can be implemented.

Late blight resistance of five mexican potato cultivars in the eastern sierra of the state of méxico

2007 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateo Armando Cadena-Hinojosa ◽  
Margarita Díaz-Valasis ◽  
Remigio A. Guzmán-Plazola ◽  
Sylvia Fernández-Pavía ◽  
Niklaus J. Grünwald
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
The State ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Blight Resistance

Transcriptome analysis of scions grafted to potato rootstock for improving late blight resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexin Li ◽  
Degang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Expression Levels

Abstract Background: Late blight seriously threatens potato cultivation worldwide. The severe and widespread damage caused by the fungal pathogen can lead to drastic decreases in potato yield. Although grafting technology has been widely used to improve crop resistance, the effects of grafting on potato late blight resistance as well as the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we performed RNA transcriptome sequencing analysis and the late blight resistance testing of the scion when the potato late blight-resistant variety Qingshu 9 and the susceptible variety Favorita were used as the rootstock and scion, respectively, and vice versa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the rootstock on scion disease resistance and to clarify the related molecular mechanisms.Results: A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes related to plant–pathogen interactions, plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly up-regulated in the scion when Qingshu 9 was used as the rootstock. These genes included late blight response genes encoding calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), chitin elicitor receptor kinases (CERKs), LRR receptor serine/threonine protein kinases (LRR-LRKs), NPR family proteins in the salicylic acid synthesis pathway, and MAPKs. When Favorita was used as the rootstock, the expression levels of the late blight response genes were not up-regulated in the Qingshu 9 scion, but the expression levels of the genes related to proline metabolism, fatty acid chain elongation, and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways were down-regulated. Resistance results showed that self-grafting of the susceptible variety and grafting with the resistant variety as the rootstock increased the resistance of the susceptible scion to late blight. However, the resistance was stronger after grafting with the resistant variety as the rootstock. Using the susceptible variety as the rootstock decreased the late blight resistance of the resistant scion.Conclusions: Our results showed that changes to the expression of disease resistance genes in the scion after grafting are associated with late blight resistance. The results provide the basis for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of rootstocks on scion disease resistance.

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