scholarly journals Comparative Accumulation of Carotenoid Content during Vegetative Growth and Postharvest Storage in Four Carrot Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 512C-512
Author(s):  
W.Y.L. Poon ◽  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Field Plots

Carotenoids have been shown to be important both nutritionally and medicinally. Carotenoid accumulation was compared during growth and storage of four carrot genotypes: YY y1y1y2y2RPRP, yyY1 Y1Y2Y2 RPRP, YY Y1 Y1Y2Y2 RPRP, and rprp. These genotypes exhibit orange, yellow, white, and pale-orange roots respectively. The orange and pale-orange genotypes are near-isogenic for rp, a gene that reduces total carotenoid content by 93%. Genotypes were grown in replicated field plots during 1996 and stored for 8 months at 4°C. Samples of root tissue were removed at 7-day intervals during vegetative growth and 4-week intervals during the postharvest period. Total carotenoid content were quantified using HPLC and spectrophotometric analyses. Increases in carotenoid content of 119% and 79% in rprp and YY y1y1y2y2RPRP and decreases of 6% and 64% in YYY1 Y1Y2Y2RPRP and yyY1 Y1Y2Y2RPRP, respectively, were measured between 62 and 100 days after planting. At 100 days after planting, YY y1y1y2y2RPRP exhibited 10-fold greater carotenoid content than rprp. Carotenoid content in yyY1 Y1Y2Y2RPRP and YY y1y1y2y2RPRP increased during the first 28 days of storage and decreased subsequently. Meanwhile, rprp began to decrease in carotenoid content at day 14 of storage. HPLC analysis at l = 445 nm revealed two large unique peaks in rprp with elution times of 27 and 28.7 minutes that were of lesser abundance in YY y1y1y2y2RPRP, suggesting that the rate of β- and α-carotene accumulation is not the only difference between YY y1y1y2y2RPRP and rprp.

scholarly journals Multi-strategy engineering greatly enhances provitamin A carotenoid accumulation and stability in Arabidopsis seeds

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhu Sun ◽  
Qinlong Zhu ◽  
Ziqing Wei ◽  
Lauren A. Owens ◽  
Tara Fish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractStaple grains with low levels of provitamin A carotenoids contribute to the global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and therefore are the main targets for provitamin A biofortification. However, carotenoid stability during both seed maturation and postharvest storage is a serious concern for the full benefits of carotenoid biofortified grains. In this study, we utilized Arabidopsis as a model to establish carotenoid biofortification strategies in seeds. We discovered that manipulation of carotenoid biosynthetic activity by seed-specific expression of Phytoene synthase (PSY) increases both provitamin A and total carotenoid levels but the increased carotenoids are prone to degradation during seed maturation and storage, consistent with previous studies of provitamin A biofortified grains. In contrast, stacking with Orange (ORHis), a gene that initiates chromoplast biogenesis, dramatically enhances provitamin A and total carotenoid content and stability. Up to 65- and 10-fold increases of β-carotene and total carotenoids, respectively, with provitamin A carotenoids composing over 63% were observed in the seeds containing ORHis and PSY. Co-expression of Homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) with ORHis and PSY further increases carotenoid accumulation and stability during seed maturation and storage. Moreover, knocking-out of β-carotene hydroxylase 2 (BCH2) by CRISPR/Cas9 not only potentially facilitates β-carotene accumulation but also minimizes the negative effect of carotenoid over production on seed germination. Our findings provide new insights into various processes on carotenoid accumulation and stability in seeds and establish a multiplexed strategy to simultaneously target carotenoid biosynthesis, turnover, and stable storage for carotenoid biofortification in crop seeds.

ВПЛИВ ДЖЕРЕЛ АЗОТНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА СИНТЕЗ КАРОТИНОЇДІВ ДЕЯКИМИ ШТАМАМИ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
A. K. Veligodska ◽  
O. V. Fedotov ◽  
A. S. Petreeva
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Peptone Medium ◽  
Acetone Extracts

<p>The influence of certain nitrogen compounds - components of glucose-peptone medium (GPM) on the accumulation of carotenoids by some strains was investigated by surface cultivating basidiomycetes. The total carotenoid content was set in acetone extracts of mycological material spectrophotometrically and calculated using the Vetshteyn formula.</p> <p>As the nitrogen-containing components used GPM with 9 compounds, such as peptone, DL-valine, L-asparagine, DL-serine, DL-tyrosine, L-proline, L-alanine, urea, NaNO<sub>3</sub>. The effect on the accumulation of specific compounds both in the mycelium and in the culture fluid of carotenoids by culturing certain strains of Basidiomycetes was identified.</p> <p>Adding to standard glucose-peptone medium peptone at 5 g/l causes an increase of carotenoid accumulation by strain <em>L. sulphureus</em> Ls-08, and in a concentration of 4 g/l by strains of <em>F. hepatica </em>Fh-18 and <em>F. fomentarius</em> Ff-1201.</p> <p>In order to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in the mycelium  we suggested to make a standard glucose-peptone medium with proline or valine for cultivating of <em>L. sulphureus</em> Ls- 08 strain; alanine for <em>F. fomentarius</em> Ff-1201 strain; proline, asparagine and serine - for strain Fh-18 of <em>F. hepatica</em>. The results can be implemented in further optimization of the composition of the nutrient medium for culturing strains of Basidiomycetes wich producing carotenoids.</p> <p><em>Keywords: nitrogen-containing substances, Basidiomycetes, mycelium</em><em>,</em><em> culture filtrate, carotenoids</em></p>

scholarly journals Comparative Carotenoid Accumulation and Retention in Near-isogenic rprp and RPRP Inbred Carrot Lines

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Y.L. Poon ◽  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

The rp allele causes a significant reduction in total carotenoid pigmentation in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots. The objective was to investigate the effect of rp on the composition, accumulation, and retention of carotenoids in two near-isolines of carrot, W266RPRP and W266rprp, during vegetative growth and postharvest storage. Field experiments were conducted during 1996 and 1997 in which roots were sampled weekly from 62 to 100 days after seed-sowing and biweekly during postharvest storage at 4 °C up to 386 days after sowing. Linear increases in total carotenoid concentration were observed for W266RPRP and W266rprp during vegetative growth. The average daily rate of increase in total carotenoid concentration in W266RPRP and in W266rprp was 12.7 and 1.3 mg·g-1 dry weight, respectively. A linear decrease in carotenoid concentration was measured for W266RPRP but not for W266rprp during postharvest storage. At 100 days after sowing, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed W266rprp had 20-fold lower concentrations of a-carotene and 50-fold lower concentrations of β-carotene in root tissue compared to W266RPRP. Levels of β-carotene and lutein in the first true leaves were reduced by ≈50% in W266rprp compared to W266RPRP. Results from this investigation suggest that the rp allele affects the concentration of root and foliage carotenoids, as well as the rate of carotenoid accumulation and degradation in carrot roots. The impact of the rp allele is far greater in root tissue than in foliage, suggesting it may act as a transcription factor or structural gene affecting primarily root carotenoid biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Plant Carotenoids as Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Kristina Kljak ◽  
Klaudija Carović-Stanko ◽  
Ivica Kos ◽  
Zlatko Janječić ◽  
Goran Kiš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dietary Content ◽  
Sensory Color ◽  
Carotenoid Profile

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplementation diet for hens consisting of dried basil herb and flowers of calendula and dandelion for color, carotenoid content, iron-induced oxidative stability, and sensory properties of egg yolk compared with commercial pigment (control) and marigold flower. The plant parts were supplemented in diets at two levels: 1% and 3%. In response to dietary content, yolks from all diets differed in carotenoid profile (p < 0.001). The 3% supplementation level resulted in a similar total carotenoid content as the control (21.25 vs. 21.79 μg/g), but by 3-fold lower compared to the 3% marigold (66.95 μg/g). The tested plants did not achieve yolk color fan values as the control (13.47) or 3% marigold (11.47), and among them, calendula had the highest values (9.73). Despite the low carotenoid content in diets supplemented with basil herb, iron-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was low as for marigold (on average 106.83 vs. 92.68 ng/g after 250 min). The treatments differed in sensory color scores for fresh and hard-boiled yolks and flavor while other sensory properties were similar. In conclusion, the supplementation of plants in a hen diet may result in yolks containing carotenoids and other compounds showing a high antioxidant effect.

scholarly journals Diet affects body color and energy metabolism in the Baikal endemic amphipod Eulimnogammarus cyaneus maintained in laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Saranchina ◽  
Polina Drozdova ◽  
Andrei Mutin ◽  
Maxim Timofeyev
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Proper diet is critical for laboratory-reared animals, as it may affect not only their welfare, but also experimental results. Amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) play important roles in ecosystems and are often used in environmental research. Endemic amphipods from the ancient Lake Baikal are promising for laboratory bioassays; however, there are currently no laboratory cultures. In this work, we determine how different diets affect the color and metabolism of a laboratory-reared Baikal amphipod, Eulimnogammarus cyaneus. We found that in freshly collected blue-colored animals, body color correlated with total carotenoid content. Total carotenoid levels did not differ after long-term (two months) feeding with a close to natural carotenoid-enriched, or even a carotenoid-depleted diet. Nevertheless, antennae color was closer to red in the natural-like diet group. It is likely that the carotenoids from the commercial diet are not properly metabolized in E. cyaneus. The animals fed commercial diets had a higher glycogen content, which may signify a higher metabolic rate. Overall, we show that a carotenoid-enriched diet optimized for decapods is not optimal for amphipods, likely due to different carotenoid compositions, and the diet for long-term rearing of E. cyaneus and other Baikal amphipods requires supplementation.

scholarly journals Potential Natural Dyes Food from the Powder of Prickly Pear Fruit Peels (Opuntia spp.) Growing in the Mediterranean Basin under Climate Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Hamza Elmahdaoui ◽  
Samir Iben Moussa ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Ahmed Bari
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content

Background. Barbary fig (Opuntia spp), called prickly pear, is a cultivated species belonging to family Cactaceae. It produces fruits one time per year during a short season. It is largely spreading in the Mediterranean countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the physicochemical and biochemical analysis of powder of prickly pear fruit peels of three Moroccan varieties (Aakria, Derbana, and Mles). Material and Methods. Both physicochemical analysis (humidity, water activity, Brix, ash content, pH, and total titratable acidity) and biochemical analysis (total carotenoid content, betalain content, total polyphenolic content, and ascorbic acid content) were effectuated according to protocols reported within the present research work. Results. Regarding the physiochemical analysis, the humidity of powder of prickly pear fruit peels ranged from 10.173 ± 0.002 to 15.27 ± 0.02%. The water activity (aw) ranged from 0.17 ± 0.002 to 0.336 ± 0.002. The values of Brix ranged from 68.67 ± 0.33 to 74.22 ± 0.51° Bx. pH values ranged from 5.41 ± 0.01 to 5.62 ± 0.01. The total titratable acidity values ranged from 0.644 ± 0.014 to 0.76 ± 0.007 g citric acid/100 g DM (dry matter). The ash content ranged from 1.02 ± 0.02 to 11.41 ± 0.03 g/100 g DM. Regarding the biochemical analysis, the total carotenoid content ranged from 5.14 ± 0.10 to 9.79 ± 0.06 mg/g of FM (Fresh matter). The total betalain content ranged from 2 ± 0.69 to 37.66 ± 2.65 mg/100 g of DM. The total polyphenolic content ranged from 1739.92 ± 13.69 to 2409.66 ± 43.65 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g of DM. The ascorbic content values ranged from 186.78 ± 13.23 to 294.04 ± 5.81 mg/100 g of DM. Conclusion. The results showed an interesting richness of the investigated powder in pigments (betacyanins, indicaxanthins, and carotenoids) and nutritional compounds including sugar, proteins, and vitamins that make this powder interesting for being used as a dye in food.

scholarly journals Promising Physical, Physicochemical, and Biochemical Background Contained in Peels of Prickly Pear Fruit Growing under Hard Ecological Conditions in the Mediterranean Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Hamza Elmahdaoui ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Ahmed Bari ◽  
Laila Benbacer
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content

Background. Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.), called Barbary fig, is a cultivated species springing from family Cactaceae. It is native to Mexico and has been naturalized in other continents, especially the Mediterranean countries (North Africa). The aim of the study was to investigate the physical, physicochemical, and biochemical criteria of peels of three Moroccan prickly pear varieties (Aakria, Derbana, and Mles) growing in the Rhamna regions (dry area). Material and Methods. Both physicochemical characteristics (humidity, water activity, Brix, ash content, pH, and total titratable acidity) and biochemical characteristics (total carotenoid content, betalain content, total polyphenolic content, and ascorbic acid content) were were studied according to previously reported methods. Results. Regarding the physiochemical criteria, the moisture of the fresh peels of studied varieties ranged from 81.59 ± 0.02 to 83.47 ± 0.02%. The water activity (aw) ranged from 0.862 ± 0.001 to 0.872 ± 0.001. The values of Brix varied from 14.69 ± 0.05° Bx to 15.80 ± 0.03° Bx. pH values varied from 5.13 ± 0.01 to 5.32. The total titratable acidity values ranged from 0.130 ± 0.008 to 0.196 ± 0.014 g of citric acid/100 g of FM (fresh matter). The ash content values ranged from 8.92 ± 0.10 to 11.04 ± 0.06 g/100 g of FM. Regarding the biochemical criteria, the total carotenoid content ranged from 2.29 ± 0.01 to 2.87 ± 0.01 μg/g of FM. The total betalain content ranged from 6213.46 ± 58.86 to 8487.19 ± 51.71 μg/100 g of FM. The total polyphenolic content varied from 160 ± 3.55 to 243.79 ± 5.55 mg GA E/100 g of FM. The ascorbic content ranged from 58.21 ± 0.24 to 74.72 ± 0.17 mg/100 g of FM. Conclusion. The findings of physicochemical and biochemical criteria of the investigated varieties growing in Moroccan drylands showed promising results in terms of studied parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of selected agronomical factors on the content of health-promoting compounds in spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepo L. subsp. pepo)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Wanda Wadas ◽  
Halina Mioduszewska ◽  
Krzysztof Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Β Carotene

Effects of selected agronomical factors on the content of health-promoting compounds in spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepoL. subsp.pepo)The study examined the effects of the sowing date (5, 15 and 25 May) and plant spacing (1 × 0.6 m, 1 × 0.8 m and 1 × 1 m) on the content of carotenoids and L-ascorbic acid in the fruits of two cultivars of spaghetti squash (‘Makaronowa Warszawska' and ‘Pyza’). The field experiment was carried out in central-eastern Poland. Fully mature spaghetti squash fruits were harvested from the beginning of September to the beginning of October. The content of total carotenoids and β-carotene was the greatest in the fruits of plants sown on 15 May. The sowing date did not affect the content of L-ascorbic acid. Increasing the plant spacing from 1 × 0.6 m to 1 × 1 m resulted in an increase of total carotenoid content, particularly for the spaghetti squash sown on 25 May. Plant spacing did not have a significant effect on the content of β-carotene and L-ascorbic acid. Fruits of the ‘Makaronowa Warszawska’ with light orange flesh contained more total carotenoids and β-carotene than fruits of the ‘Pyza’ with cream-coloured flesh. The content of L-ascorbic acid in the fruits of both cultivars did not differ significantly.

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