scholarly journals Crop Nutrient Survey Results for Five Vegetable Crops in Dade County, Florida

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 524B-524
Author(s):  
Mary Lamberts ◽  
Teresa Olczyk ◽  
Stephen K. O'Hair ◽  
Juan Carranza ◽  
Herbert H. Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

A baseline survey was conducted to determine grower fertilizer management practices for five vegetable crops: beans, malanga, potatoes, sweet corn, and squash. This was done in conjunction with a 3-year replicated fertility trial with four vegetable crops (1993–94 through 1995–96) in the Homestead area. Questions included: fertilizer rates and timing, source(s) of fertilizer recommendations, soil and tissue testing, irrigation, changes in practices, summer cover crops, rock plowing, spacing, and type of fertilizer used. Survey results will be presented.

scholarly journals Extending Crop Nutrient Information: Involving the Whole Industry

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 594e-594
Author(s):  
Mary Lamberts ◽  
Teresa Olczyk ◽  
Stephen K. O'Hair ◽  
Juan Carranza ◽  
Herbert H. Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Testing Model ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Plant Sap

Replicated fertility trials with four vegetable crops on the limestone soils of Dade County, Fla., have been conducted for 3 years (1993–94 through 1995–96). The purpose was 1) to determine crop nutrient requirements, 2) to calibrate a soil testing model, and 3) to develop additional information for plant sap quick tests. The crops included snap beans, Irish potatoes, sweet corn, and malanga (a.k.a. yautia or tannia, Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott). Another two field demonstrations using reduced rates of phosphorus on tomatoes were conducted in 1995–96. The involvement of the local fertilizer industry in these trials and grower outreach efforts will be discussed.

scholarly journals Using Hairy Vetch to Manage Soil Phosphorus Accumulation from Poultry Litter Applications in a Warm-season Vegetable Rotation

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-495
Author(s):  
Clydette M. Alsup ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Vegetable Rotation

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crops were grown in a rotation with sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. Reticulatus group) to evaluate the legume's ability to remove excess P from soils when poultry litter was used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer treatments were: 1) litter to meet each crop's recommended preplant N requirements (1×); 2) litter at twice the recommended rate (2×); and 3) urea at the 1× rate as the control. Following the vegetable crops, hairy vetch was planted on half of each replication, while the other half was fallowed. The vetch was removed from the field in a simulated haying operation in the spring. Soil samples were taken at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths at the onset of the study and after each crop to monitor plant nutrient concentrations. The vetch sometimes raised soil test N concentrations at the 0-15 cm depth. Soil test P concentrations at the 0-15 cm sampling depth in the vetch system were consistently lower numerically, but not statistically, relative to comparable plots in the fallow system. Soil test P at the 0-15 cm depth was usually increased by litter at the 2× rate relative to the urea control, regardless of cropping system. Yields of both vegetable crops were similar among all cover crop and fertilizer treatments.

scholarly journals Virginia Nursery and Greenhouse Grower Survey of Best Management Practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Mack ◽  
James S. Owen ◽  
Alex X. Niemiera ◽  
Joyce Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Grower Survey ◽  
E Mail

A survey, focusing on the use of irrigation and fertilization best management practices (BMPs), was designed and released to Virginia nursery and greenhouse growers. The objectives of the survey were to determine the most widely used BMPs, assess the reasons for their use, and identify barriers to BMP adoption. The survey was distributed in person, via e-mail attachment, or link to 357 Virginia growers in 2016 with 60 respondents. Survey results demonstrate that the most widely used BMPs in Virginia included irrigation scheduling, integrated pest management (IPM) implementation, altering irrigation practices to optimize irrigation efficiency, controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) use, and plant need–based watering. Respondents selected environmental/resource savings as one of the most cited reasons behind BMP use for water, fertilizer, and runoff management. Cost was the most cited barrier to BMP adoption for all BMPs. Fertilizer management BMP implementation was primarily an economic decision. The value of determining the most widely used BMPs and impediments to BMP adoption is that we can 1) communicate this information to growers who currently do not employ BMPs to encourage BMP adoption and 2) subsequently inform the regulatory community of BMP use. Increased BMP use can boost the potential for mitigation of agricultural nutrient and sediment runoff into impaired waterways, including the Chesapeake Bay, and help growers increase efficiency of operation inputs, such as water and fertilizer resources, while potentially saving money.

scholarly journals How Can You Reduce Flooding Damage to Vegetable Crops?

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Renuka Rao ◽  
Stewart Reed
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Bush Bean ◽  
Synthetic Hormones

Several management practices have been reported to help crops partially or entirely overcome flood damage. For example, the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers overcomes N deficiency, while natural or synthetic hormones are used to correct hormone imbalances, and the addition of fungicides help control soil-borne pathogens. We recently conducted a flooding experiment with bush bean, cowpea, and sweet corn. This article recommends some practices to alleviate flooding damage of vegetables. This document is SL 206, one of a series of the Soil and Water Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication Date: August 2003.  SL 206/SS425: Practices to Minimize Flooding Damage to Commercial Vegetable Production (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals (225) Challenges and Opportunities with Vegetable BMPs in Southwest Florida

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075A-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
Eric Simonne ◽  
Eugene McAvoy ◽  
Phil Stansly ◽  
Sanjay Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Southwest Florida ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

About 10,000 ha of staked tomato are grown each year in the winter–spring season in southwest Florida. Tomatoes are produced with transplants, raised beds, polyethylene mulch, drip or seepage irrigation, and intensive fertilization. With the development of nutrient best management practices (BMPs) for vegetable crops and increased competition among water users, N recommendations must ensure economical yields, but still minimize the environmental impact of tomato production. The current University of Florida–IFAS (UF–IFAS) N fertilization rate of 224 kg·ha-1 (with supplemental fertilizer applications under specified conditions) may require adjustment based on soil type and irrigation system. Because growers should be involved in the development and implementation of BMPs, this project established partnerships with southwest Florida tomato growers. Studies evaluated the effects of N application rates on yield, plant growth, petiole N sap, pests, and diseases. Nine on-farm trials were conducted during the dry winter 2004–05 season. Treatments consisted of N fertilizer rates ranging from 224 to 448 kg·ha-1, with each trial including at least the UF–IFAS rate and the traditional rate. Although total yields were comparable among N rates, there were differences in size category. Nitrogen rates had little effect on tomato biomass 30 and 60 days after transplanting. Changes in petiole sap NO3-N and K concentrations were different between seepage and drip irrigation, but usually above the sufficiency threshold. It is important to consider the type of irrigation when managing tomato and determining optimum N fertilizer rates.

scholarly journals Grower Contributions to the Early Stages of Crop Nutrient Trials with Vegetables

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 885B-885
Author(s):  
Mary Lamberts ◽  
Stephen K. O'Hair ◽  
Juan Carranza ◽  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Edward Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Crop Nutrients ◽  
Commercial Field

Trials to determine crop nutrients for four vegetable crops grown on the limestone soils of Dade County, Fla., have been conducted in growers' fields to duplicate commercial growing conditions. This has increased grower participation in the experimental process. The four vegetable crops are snap beans, Irish potatoes, sweet corn, and malanga (a.k.a. yautia or tannia, Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott). The discussion will focus on grower participation in various critical decision-making activities: a) location of plots in a commercial field, b) placement of fertilizers, c) possible problems with Restricted Entry Intervals, d) harvest determinations, and e) grading criteria and quality assessment.

scholarly journals Nitrogen cycling, profit margins and sweet corn yield under fall cover crop systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey A. O'Reilly ◽  
John D. Lauzon ◽  
Richard J. Vyn ◽  
Laura L. Van Eerd
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Available N ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Cereal Rye

O'Reilly, K. A., Lauzon, J. D., Vyn, R. J. and Van Eerd, L. L. 2012. Nitrogen cycling, profit margins and sweet corn yield under fall cover crop systems. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 353–365. In order to improve N best management practices in southwestern Ontario vegetable farming, the effect of cover crops on N dynamics in the fall and spring prior to sweet corn planting and during sweet corn season was assessed. The experiment was a split plot design in a fresh green pea – cover crop – sweet corn rotation that took place over 2 site-years at Bothwell and Ridgetown in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008, respectively. The main plot factor was fall cover crop type with five treatments including oat (Avena sativa L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), oilseed radish (OSR; Raphanus sativus L. var. oleoferus Metzg Stokes), mixture OSR plus cereal rye (OSR&rye) and a no cover crop control. Compared with no cover crop, sweet corn profit margins were higher by $450 ha−1 for oat at Bothwell and $1300 and $760 ha−1 for OSR and OSR&rye, respectively, at Ridgetown. By comparing plant available N over the cover crop season, the cover crops tested were more effective at preventing N loss at Bothwell than at Ridgetown likely due to higher precipitation and sandier soil at Bothwell. Despite differences in site characteristics, cover crops did not result in increased plant available N compared with no-cover during the sweet corn season at either site, indicating that these cover crops will not provide an N credit to the following crop and growers should not modify N fertilizer applications based on cover crops.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Cover Crops on Sweet Corn and Bell Pepper Production

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 601D-601
Author(s):  
N.K. Damayanthi Ranwala ◽  
Kathy Brock ◽  
Chris L. Ray ◽  
Katie Greene ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Rye and crimson clover as winter cover crops and red clover as a companion crop were evaluated in sweet corn and bell pepper production systems in South Carolina. Winter cover crops were planted in fall and incorporated into the soil 3 weeks prior to planting vegetable crops. Red clover was overseeded with the vegetable crops. There were no significant differences among treatments for corn yield. Marketable number and weight of bell peppers were significantly higher in both winter cover crops compared to red clover and fallow (control) treatments. Number of cull peppers (smaller peppers than USDA grades) were lower in both cover crops compared to other treatments. Lack of response in red clover compared to the fallow treatment may be due to the lower emergence of red clover when used as a companion crop with bell pepper. Marketable bell pepper yield was higher in the late harvest compared to the early harvest in all the treatments.

scholarly journals Integrating Root Interception Capacity and Crop Nitrogen Demand into BMPs for Vegetable Crops

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 987E-988
Author(s):  
Johannes Scholberg ◽  
Kelly Morgan ◽  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Eric Simonne ◽  
Michael Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
N Accumulation

Most strategies used to determine crop N fertilizer recommendations do not address potential environmental issues associated with agricul-tural production. Thus, a more holistic approach is required to reduce N loading associated with vegetable crops production on soils that are prone to N leaching. By linking fertilizer N uptake efficiency (FUE) with irrigation management, root interception capacity, and N uptake dynamics, we aim to improve FUE. Nitrogen uptake for peppers, tomato, potato, and sweet corn followed a logistic N accumulation patterns. Up to 80-85% of N uptake occurred between 4 to 7 weeks (sweet corn) vs. 6 to 12 weeks (other crops), while N uptake during initial growth and crop maturation was relatively low. Maximum daily N accumulation rates occurred at 5 weeks (sweet corn) vs. 8-10 weeks (other crops) and maximum daily N uptake rates were 4-8 kg N/ha. Overall FUE for most vegetables may range between 23% and 71%, depending on production practices, soil type, and environmental conditions. Maximum root interception capacity was typically attained 3 to 5 weeks prior to crop maturity. It is concluded that, during initial growth, root interception may the most limiting factor for efficient N use. Although recent uptake studies have shown that FUE may be highest toward the end of the growing season, this may not coincide with the greatest crop demand for N, which occurs during the onset of the linear growth phase. As a result, yield responses to N applied later in the season may be limited. Integration of these results into best management practices and expert systems for vegetable production can minimize the externalities associated with commercial vegetable production on vulnerable soils in the southeastern United States.

scholarly journals 627 PB 457 RELAY-INTERPLANTING COVER CROPS IN SWEET CORN

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 522c-522
Author(s):  
Tom TenPas ◽  
John Luna
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Block Experiment

The effect on corn yield of interplanting two different cover crops, Trifolium repens, and Lolium perens into sweet corn, Zea mays, at 4 different times from corn planting was examined. Sweet corn was planted in 30 inch rows, and the cover crop was planted 0, 7, 14, and 21 days afterwards. The study was designed as a complete randomized block experiment with 4 replications. Weed management practices included pre-emergent herbicides and cultivation only treatments. No significant yield differences in corn yields were detected (alpha=.05). Most of the plots had very little weed competition, including those with no herbicide treatment. Earlier planted cover crops were better established at time of corn harvest. Additional work is needed to examine this practice in conditions of greater weed competion.

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