Sweet Corn Performance under Different Tillage Systems

The performance of two sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) cultivars grown in the Rio Grande Valley in Spring 1997 were evaluated under three tillage practices. On 25 Apr. 1997, `Champ' and `Sensor' seeds were sown on 0.76-m row centers of 4.6 x 91-m (12 x 300-ft) plots which had been in continuous conventional (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and/or no tillage (NT) since Aug. 1994. All production inputs were similar except tillage practice. Ears were harvested beginning 16 Jun 1997. Cultivars differed in leaf greenness, plant stand (P < 0.11), ear diameter, length, and dry matter, percentage of total yield at first harvest, season yield, and ears/ha. `Sensor' ears had higher concentrations (dry-mass basis) of total N, K, S, NO3, and B, but lower concentrations of Mg (P < 0.06), Ca, Fe, and Mn than did `Champ'. Amaranthus spp. weed populations were higher in `Champ' then in `Sensor' tillage treatments. MT and CT resulted in greater ear attributes, yield, ears/ha, and less corn earworm damage, lower ear S concentrations, and fewer total weeds/ha than corn grown with NT. Plant stand was highest in CT plots. Weed populations of Panicum and Amaranthus spp., but not Texas tridens [Tridens texanus (S. Wats.) Nash] or common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), were higher in NT-grown corn than MT- or CT-grown corn.

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Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.476d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 476d-476

Author(s):

Gary R. Cline ◽

Anthony F. Silvernail

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Winter Rye ◽

No Tillage ◽

Corn Production ◽

Total N ◽

No Till ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn in 1997. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. Following watermelon not receiving inorganic N, vetch, and mix cover cropsproduced total N yields of ≈90 kg/ha that were more than four times greater than those obtained with rye. However, vetch dry weight yields (2.7 mg/ha) were only about 60% of those obtained in previous years due to winter kill. Following rye winter cover crops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn greatly increased (P < 0.05) corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. Following vetch, corn yields obtained in tilled treatments without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization. However, yields obtained from unfertilized no-till treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than yields of N-fertilized treatments. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye after corn planting. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn plant densities or yields were detected. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful, and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production in tilled treatments but not in no-till treatments.In previous years normal, higher-yielding vetch cover crops were able to sustain sweet corn in both tilled and no-till treatments.

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Effect of tillage and crop establishment methods on yield and economics of cotton

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v5i01.11129 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

Author(s):

ANIL KHIPPAL ◽

KAMINI KUMARI S. Bhadauria ◽

JASBIR SINGH

Keyword(s):

Conventional Tillage ◽

Variable Cost ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Method Of Planting ◽

Benefit Cost ◽

Very High

In Haryana (India) cotton is generally sown with conventional tillage practices witnesses poor germination and plant establishment. Poor plant stand is attributed by burning of emerging plants due to very high temperature at the time of planting, which is further worsen by crust formation due to pre-monsoon showers. Keeping these points in view, an experiment was conducted with farmers' participatory research mode in village Hajwana of Kaithal district. Cotton sown with zero tillage technique resulted in approximately five percent higher yield i.e. 136.3 kg ha-1 over conventional tillage. Mean returns over variable cost of all the three years were 10.8 percent i.e. Rs. 11794 ha-1 more in zero tillage over conventional tillage. Benefit: cost ratio were 3.86, 3.86 and 4.61 in conventional method of planting, bed planting and zero tillage technique, respectively. Zero tillage planting of cotton reduced fuel consumption by 93.4 % and 91.7 % compared to bed planting and conventional planting respectively.

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Insecticide Efficacy Against Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn, 2019

Arthropod Management Tests ◽

10.1093/amt/tsaa099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Owens ◽

Joseph Deidesheimer ◽

Cody Stubbs

Keyword(s):

Sweet Corn ◽

Corn Earworm ◽

Insecticide Efficacy

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CONTROL OF CORN EARWORM AND EUROPEAN CORN BORER ON SWEET CORN, 1998

Arthropod Management Tests ◽

10.1093/amt/24.1.e37 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. K. O'Rourke ◽

E. C. Burkness ◽

W. D. Hutchison

Keyword(s):

European Corn Borer ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Corn Earworm ◽

Corn Borer

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Effect of Seeding Rate On Growth And Yield Of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculantus) In Zuru Northern Guinea Savanna Of Nigeria

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v6i2.ah01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Yohanna J, A. ◽

Muhammad A, M.

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Total Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Land Resource ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Resource Space ◽

Plant Stand ◽

The Mean

Field experiment was carried out during 2010 rainy season to find the effect of seeding rate on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmuschus esculentus) in Zuru Northern Guinea Savannah. Zuru is located in Zuru Local government area of Kebbi State (Latitude 11o 251 to 11o 551 North and Longitude 4o 51 to 5o 251 East of the equator). The experiment consisted of three treatments that is planting okra at one plant per stand (S1), two plants per stand (S2) and three plants per stand (S3). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and the treatments replicated three time. The result of the experiment has shown that plant height and number of leaves/plant at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting ( WAP) were significantly influenced by seeding rate (P<0.05). At 3, 6 and 9 WAP tallest plants were obtained from okra plants planted at three plants/stand (27.83, 54.0 and 77.0cm) respectively followed by okra planted at two plant/stand (24.77, 50.67 and 74.33 leave/plant respectively ). However, more number of leaves/plant were obtained from okra plant at one plant/stand (9.67, 24.67 and 48.0 leaves/plant respectively) followed by okra planted at two plants/stand (8.33, 18.33 and 36.33 leaves/plant respectively). Seeding rate had significant influence on time of 50 percent flowering with one plant/stand first attaining 50 percent flowering stage just within 36.33 days followed by okra planted at two plants/stand (38 days). The mean fresh fruit yield of okra was also significantly influenced by seeding rate with the highest yield of fresh fruits obtained from three plants/stand (83.34/ha) followed by okra planted at two plants/stand (55.56/ha). However, the result of the findings recommends that, okra should be planted at two plants/stand for medium sized and marketable okra fresh fruits since at three plants/stand leads to the production of undersized fresh fruits which do not often attract customers. At one plant/stand, there seemed to be early fruiting and bigger sized fresh fruits but low total yield due to underutilization of land resource/space. Planting at one plant/stand should therefore be avoided

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EVALUATION OF VOLIAM XPRESS FOR CONTROLLING CORN EARWORM ON SWEET CORN, 2009

Arthropod Management Tests ◽

10.4182/amt.2010.e25 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Josh T. Copes ◽

F. Huang ◽

J. W. Sharp ◽

J. Temple ◽

B.R. Leonard

Keyword(s):

Sweet Corn ◽

Corn Earworm

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RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING MEDICINAL SAGE

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2020.4.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Т.В. ПЕЛИПЕНКО

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Flow Diagram ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Process Flow Diagram ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Active Substances

Исследованы потенциальные возможности ресурсосберегающей технологии переработки шалфея лекарственного (ШЛ). Объектом исследования были образцы эфирномасличного сырья – свежеубранные надземные части ШЛ в фазе полного цветения растения и сухие листья ШЛ. Предложенная схема переработки включает следующие стадии: получение эфирного масла; извлечение конкрета из обезэфиренных отходов экстракцией углеводородным растворителем и последующей его отгонкой; получение абсолютного масла и очищенных восков из конкрета отходов; извлечение дитерпеновых соединений экстракцией этиловым спиртом из отходов сырья после обработки гексаном. В результате исследований фракционного состава сырья и особенностей локализации эфирного масла установлено, что массовая доля эфирного масла составляет, % к сухой массе исследуемых фракций: в листьях и соцветиях 2,75, в стеблях 0,31. Рекомендовано введение ограничительных норм по соотношению технически ценной фракции – листьев и соцветий и балластной – стеблей. Полученное из ШЛ эфирное масло имеет высокое содержание туйонов (31,50%), камфоры (21,0%) и 1,8-цинеола (18,80%). Выход дитерпеновых соединений при комплексной переработке эфирномасличного сырья ШЛ на 38,0% ниже, чем из сухих листьев растения. Однако при расчете на сухую массу листьев и соцветий, составляющих 62,3% от массы сырья, показатели отличаются незначительно. Общий выход продуктов, содержащих комплекс биологически активных веществ, составил 15,53 %, что подтверждает целесообразность использования комплексной переработки шалфея лекарственного. The potential of resource-saving technology for processing medicinal sage (MS) has been studied. Samples of essential oil raw materials-freshly harvested aboveground parts of MS in the phase of full flowering of the plant and dry leaves of MS were the object of research. The proposed process flow diagram includes the following stages: obtaining essential oil; recovering a particular from deester waste by extraction with a hydrocarbon solvent and its subsequent distillation; obtaining absolute oil and refined waxes from a specific waste; extraction of diterpene compounds from raw waste after treatment with hexane by extraction with ethyl alcohol. As a result of studies of the fractional composition of raw materials and the features of localization of essential oil, it was found that the mass fraction of essential oil is, % of the dry mass of the studied fractions: 2,75 in leaves and inflorescences, and 0,31 in stems. The introduction of restrictive norms on the ratio of technically valuable fraction – leaves and inflorescences and ballast – stems is recommended. The essential oil obtained from MS has a high content of tuyons (31,50%), camphor (21,0%) and 1,8-cineol (18,80%). The yield of diterpene compounds in the complex processing of essential oil raw materials MS is 38,0% lower than from dry leaves of the plant. However when calculating the dry mass of leaves and inflorescences, which make up 62,3% of the mass of raw materials, the indicators differ slightly. The total yield products containing a complex of biologically active substances amounted to 15,53%, which confirms the feasibility of complex processing of medicinal sage.

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Wpływ metod odchwaszczania plantacji na plonowanie i zawartość olejku w kwiatostanach wybranych odmian nagietka lekarskiego (Calendula officinalis L.)

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2020.21.1.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Romuald Mordalski ◽

Waldemar Buchwald ◽

Elżbieta Bilińska ◽

Hanna Zalińska ◽

Wojciech A. Kucharski

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Raw Material ◽

Calendula Officinalis ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Manual Weeding ◽

Calendula Officinalis L ◽

The Impact

Introduction. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an annual plants belongs to Asteraceae family. The species is widespread in the world and have a long tradition of medicinal use with multidirectional action. Aim. The field experiments were carried out to assess the impact of genetic (cultivar) and environmental factors on yielding variability and biosynthesis of essential oil in conditions of conventional cultivation of marigold after using different methods of plantation weeding. Material and methods. The research material were two cultivars of marigold such as Orange King and Indian Prince. The following activity were tested: 1) spraying of Fusilade Forte 150 EC (1 l • ha-1), 2) spraying Fusilade Forte 150 EC (1 l • ha-1) + manual weeding, 3) manual weeding, 4) no weeding – control. The scope of the research included assessment of marigold yield (inflorescence) and determination of the essential oil contents in dry mass of raw material. Results. Regardless of the cultivar, a non-chemical methods (mechanical weeding in interrows and manual in rows) gave the highest efficiency of weed control. Similar results observed after using chemical weeding with manual weeding. In these cases the yields were at least 2.5 times higher than obtained from the control. The total yield of dry mass of inflorescence for the above methods was 6.35 and 5.53 q • ha-1 for Orange King cultivars, slightly lower result obtained for cultivar of Indian Prince (4.81 and 4.12 q • ha-1). It was also shown that the content of essential oil in the raw material ranged from 0.25 to 0.37% and was independent from the cultivar. Conclusions. The Orange King cultivar of marigold yielded better than Indian Prince in analogous methods of plantation weeding. The highest effectiveness of weed plantation was found using a non-chemical method (mechanical weeding in interrows and manual weeding in rows) and using chemical weeding with manual weeding. It was shown that the content of essential oil in the inflorescences of both examined cultivars was similar.

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