scholarly journals 072 New Pepper Germplasm for Ornamental and Ornamental/Culinary Applications

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 401A-401
Author(s):  
John R. Stommel ◽  
Robert J. Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Leaf Variegation ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Small Bell ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Plant Foliage

Ornamental peppers are a novel and growing segment of the ornamentals industry. Currently available varieties are utilized as pot plants and in bedding plant applications. Utilizing unimproved populations developed from initial crosses with Indian Capsicum land races, germplasm lines with unique gene combinations for multiple fruiting, fruit orientation, leaf pigmentation and leaf variegation were developed and released by USDA-ARS. Via introgression of diverse Capsicum species accessions and heirloom varieties into these populations, more recent efforts seek to exploit abundant genetic variation for fruit shape, size, color and pungency, foliar attributes, and plant growth habit to develop new pepper germplasm for ornamental and dual ornamental/culinary applications. Fruit pungency of selected material may range from mild to extremely pungent. Fruit shape may be round, conical, or lobed. Whereas small fruit size is generally well suited for ornamental applications, ornamental/culinary types exploit larger upright conical or small bell-shaped fruit. Plant foliage may be uniformly green in color, exhibit varying degrees of anthocyanin accumulation, or display variegation. Inheritance of selected attributes, potential barriers to development of select recombinants, and examples of representative advanced selections in the breeding program will be presented.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Pseudomonas solanacearum- resistant Tomato Cultivars as Hybrid Parents

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. González ◽  
William L. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Pseudomonas Solanacearum ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Seven tomato Lycopersicon esculentum lines, `Venus', `Saturn', `Rodade', `Rotam 4', `Hawaii 7998', `UC-82B', and `Stevens', and their 21 crosses were evaluated for their ability to resist infection by seven virulent strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Sm. representing race 1 biovars 1 and 3. The Gardner and Eberhart model III analysis was used to evaluate the response of lines in crosses to P. solunaceurum infection. General combining ability mean squares were significant for all strains and in 5 of 7 instances specific combining ability mean squares were significant. In four instances the parent vs. cross contrast was significant. `Hawaii 7998' was resistant to all seven strains of P. solanacearum, whereas `Rotam 4' and `Rodade' were resistant to biovar 3 and two races of biovar 1. `Venus' and `Saturn' were resistant to two other biovar 1 strains. `Hawaii 7998' transmitted greater resistance than the other resistant parents, but its small fruit size and indeterminate growth habit make it a poor choice for a hybrid parent.

MUTATIONS INDUCED IN McINTOSH APPLE BY IONIZING RADIATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. LAPINS
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Stainable Pollen ◽  
Biennial Bearing

Irradiating McIntosh scions with gamma rays from a 60Co source induced many mutants with reduced vigor or spurred growth habit, but nearly all of the mutants had unacceptable fruit characteristics. A wide array of fruit mutations occurred, most of which were inferior to the original cultivar. About half of the irradiated material had reduced fertility. Most of the semifertile mutants had 31–32% stainable pollen, whereas the untreated controls had 49–50% stainable pollen. In the second-test planting, significant differences were found among the final 10 selections in vigor of tree, biennial bearing index, number of seeds per fruit, fruit size, shape, and skin and flesh color. One selection had better fruit shape and skin color than the original cultivar.

scholarly journals Characterization and genetic diversity of brinjal germplasm

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-512
Author(s):  
MT Islam ◽  
RA Chhanda ◽  
N Pervin ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
RU Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Edible Fruit ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Colour Distribution ◽  
Varietal Improvement

The experiment was carried out in a non replicated design with 40 accessions of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) at Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC), BARI Gazipur to characterize and study the genetic diversity and identify the useful traits. Each accession of nine plants was grownin a 3 X 2 m size plot. The accessions were collected from 16 districts of Bangladesh. Two to four classes were found for plant growth habit, leaf blade lobing, leaf prickles, flower colour, fruit shape, fruit apex shape and fruit colour distribution. The accessions exhibited 64% straight, 13% both slightly curved and curved, and 10% snaked shaped edible fruit along with 55% purple and 45% green fruit. Fruit length of accessions ranged from 5 to 31.23 cm, breadth 2.4 to 10.6 cm, weight 13 to 95.2 g and 3 to 30 fruits per plant. The accessions were grouped into five clusters. The inter and intra cluster distances ranged from 4.01 to 8.32 and 0.94 to 1.36, respectively. Accessions collected from the same districts felt into different clusters. The results obtained by D2 analysis were also confirmed by canonical analysis. Crosses BD-7327 (Rangpur) of cluster II with BD-9954 (Chittagong) of Cluster-III and BD-7319 (Panchagarh) of Cluster-I with BD-11732 (Bandarban) of cluster V, could be performed for obtaining wider variability in the segregating generations. The breeders could use the selected accessions for varietal improvement of brinjal.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(3): 499-512, September 2018

scholarly journals FLOWERING HABIT AND YIELD OF CALABAZA GENOTYPES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 611c-611
Author(s):  
D. N. Maynard ◽  
G. W. Elmstrom ◽  
L. Wessel-Beaver ◽  
T. G. McCollum
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Small Fruit

The flowering habit and yield potential of seven calabaza [Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne), Poir.] genotypes were studied in the fall 1991 season. Earliest flowering and mature fruit were produced on bush plants developed from `Burpee Butterbush'. Time of flowering and distance from the crown was intermediate in time in the Florida developed varieties `La Primera' and `La Segunda' and latest in the Puerto Rican developed entries `Borinquen', Linea C Pinta, and Soler. Highest yields were produced by `La Primera' and `La Segunda', whereas, lowest yields were produced by the bush lines because of very small fruit size. Fruit size of `Borinquen' and Linea C Pinta was mostly in the desirable range of 2.3 to 4.5 kg. Most `La Primera' and `La Segunda' fruit were round, `Borinquen', Linea C Pinta, and Soler fruit were flat, and the bush lines produced variable shaped fruit. Further backcrossing to round types is required to overcome the problem of small fruit size and variable fruit shape in the bush lines.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Lima Galur Cabai Hias dalam Rangka Pendaftaran Varietas Hasil Pemuliaan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulassih , ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Sobir , ◽  
Awang Maharijaya ◽  
Abdul Hakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Principle Component ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is vegetable which hashigh variability. Itcan be usedfor spicy and ornamentalplant. The aim of this study isto obtain both quantitative and qualitative dataof five lines ornamental chili pepper for plant protection program and new variety. Clustering analyzed using NTSYS 2.0 software and principle component analyzed using MINITAB 16.2.1. Clustering analysis showed five groups of chili pepper base on 75% coefficient similarity with 0.95 goodnest of fit. The groups are consist of group A for Ayesha, group B for Syakira and Namira, group C forSeroja, group D forJelita and group E for Lembayung. Principle component analysis showed cumulative value at 0.778 on PC3. The characters which made the groups are purple stem color (0.233), greenupper leaves color (-0.232), purplelower leaves color (0.232), redmature fruit color (0.266), short fruit size (0.266), and medium seed size (-0.338). Ayesa have triangular fruit shape and obtuse shape apex.Jelita recorded sparse habitus, small fruit, shortened internode, and short plant. Namira have shortened internode but Syakira showed intermediate habitus and dont have shortened internode. Lembayung showed purple on upper and lower leaves, stem, stigma, corolla, immature fruit and orange on fruit mature. Ayesha, Namira, Seroja, Jelita and Lembayung potential for plant variety registration as new variety.Keywords: Ayesha, Jelita, Lembayung, Namira, Seroja, Syakira

scholarly journals Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Christopher Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

SOME EFFECTS ON FRUIT SIZE OF CHROMOSOME 2 OF THE TOMATO

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Number Of Cells

Fruit weights taken from two F2's of 1500 plants indicated that the genes d p o s Lc dil and suf all affect fruit weight. The recessive alleles, except suf and Lc, were associated with small fruit size. The data were analyzed to determine whether this association was the result of linkage or pleiotropic effects. The major effect occurred in the o region, which is some 44 units from the centromere of chromosome 2. The o gene makes the genes oval or pear-shaped instead of spherical, and it is shown that when the locule wall of a spherical fruit and an oval fruit are composed of the same number of cells, the spherical fruit is always heavier. Since cell number is the inherited unit of fruit size, then o is always associated with small size. A gene controlling number of locules, which affects fruit size, is also located in this section of the chromosome. The genes d and s, which are at opposite ends of the present linkage map, both appear to be linked with fruit size genes. It is suggested that these size genes lie in the hetero-chromatin which is adjacent to both ends of the linkage map. The genes dil and suf, which were produced by radiation of the same variety, appear to have pleiotropic effects on fruit size; suf increasing, and dil decreasing fruit size.

scholarly journals The fruit metric trait characterization of scarlet eggplant using the high-throughput tomato analyzer software

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Olawale Adeniji ◽  
Modinat Adekoya ◽  
Peter Jonah ◽  
Innocent Iseghohi ◽  
Charity Aremu
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
Metric Traits ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Tomato Analyzer

Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum [L.]) is an indigenous, underutilized fruit vegetable in Africa. Preference for fruit shape and size is high among growers and consumers. Fruit metric traits are important for yield improvement. Fruit metric descriptors are important contributors to variation, phenotypic and genotypic variation, and heritability. However, the measurement of these traits is cumbersome and subjective. Forty-three accessions were evaluated in 2016 and 2017. At maturity, 5 fruits were randomly harvested from each accession, digitalized and processed using the Tomato Analyzer software. Sixteen fruit metric traits were automatically generated and submitted for analysis of variance and multivariate analysis. The accessions differed over fruit size and shape due to genetic make-up. Fruit metric trait variation among S. aethiopicum groups was less influenced by the environment. The cv. Gilo group has oblong fruits, the cv. Shum group fruits are circular and ovoid; the cv. Kumba group fruits are less circular, lobed and flattened. AE/113 (C3), FUO 1 (C1) and FUO 5 (C2) Gilo groups are promising for fruit size. There were phenotypic plasticity and overlapping for fruit metric traits between the Gilo and Shum groups due to a common genome. The Tomato Analyzer software was able to discriminate accessions based on fruit phenomic traits, and the information could be used to establish commonalities between groups.

scholarly journals Fruit sizes and methods of seed extraction in Physalis physiological potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Pellizzaro ◽  
Mônica Satie Omura ◽  
Jean Carlo Braubraz de Paula ◽  
Felipe Favoretto Furlan ◽  
Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
State University ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Solanaceae Family

Physalis peruviana L., a small fruit belonging to the Solanaceae family, is known for the high vitamins A and C, iron, and phosphorus content. As it presents numerous opportunities for adding value to family producers, it has been gaining space in the consumer market. Characteristics such as fruit size and seed extraction methods can interfere with the physiological potential of the seeds. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between fruit size and physiological quality of Physalis seeds and to establish an effective method for the extraction of its seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Phytotechnics Laboratory of the State University of Londrina, using a completely randomized design in a 3×2 factorial scheme, with 4 replications of 50 seeds. The factors consisted of three fruit sizes (small, medium, and large) and two extraction methods (manual and mechanical). The averages obtained were compared using the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). After 28 days of germination, the following evaluations were made: percentage of germination, first germination count, germination speed index, length, and dry mass of seedlings. The physiological potential of the seeds was influenced by the size of the fruits. The method of manual seed extraction proved to be superior and more efficient than the mechanical method.

Stereological Analysis of the Dermal System of Fruit of the Grape Vitis vinifera L.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Considine
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Periclinal Chimeras ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
Fruit Surface

Changes in cell vdume and shape in different layers of the dermal system of the grape Vitis vinifera have been analysed in relation to position along the radius of the fruit and fruit shape. Fruit surface area was found to be a function of changes in both cell area and cell number, though cell number effects were predominant. Cell volume generally increased exponentially from the epidermis inwards, though no single function adequately described the pattern for all cultivars. Deviations from a continuous pattern of change of volume were compatible with the possible occurrence of polyploid periclinal chimeras or endoploids. These results suggest that differences in cellular structure were determined by mechanisms that were independent of potential stresses associated with differences in fruit size and shape.

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