Advancement of `Riesling' Fruit Maturity by Paclobutrazol-induced Reduction of Lateral Shoot Growth

Paclobutrazol (PB) was sprayed on hedged `Riesling' (Vitis vinifera L.) vines at one of five concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 3000, or 4000 mg·liter-1) as single annual applications over 3 years (1987-89). Observations were made on growth, yield, and fruit composition during the years of application and 1 year thereafter (1990) to test carryover effects. PB had no effect on vine vigor, expressed as weight of cane prunings, during the three application years, but reduced vine vigor linearly with concentration in 1990. Yield was reduced by PB in the first 2 years of the trial, while in one season cluster weight and berries per cluster were also reduced. °Brix was increased by PB during all 3 years of application; titratable acidity was reduced and pH increased in the first year of application. PB sprays significantly reduced lateral shoot length, mean leaf size on both main and lateral shoots, and total leaf area on main and lateral shoots. Winter injury to buds, cordons, and trunks was also reduced with increasing PB level. Residues of PB in fruit in the first year of application ranged from 9 μg·kg-1 at the 0-m·gliter-1 level to 638 μg·kg-1 at the 4000-mg·liter-1 level. PB shows promise as a viticultural tool for advancement of fruit maturity, with possible additional benefits such as improved vine winter hardiness. Chemical name used β -[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-α -dimethylethyl)-1-H-1,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol (paclobutrazol, PB).

Download Full-text

Study The Influence of Lateral Shoot Removal And Foliar Application of Algamix on Vegetative Growth And Yield of Grapevine (vitis Vinifera L.) Cv. Zark

The Journal of The University of Duhok ◽

10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Hussein M. Suliman Nerway

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Total Yield ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

High Concentration ◽

Lateral Shoot ◽

Important Interaction ◽

Lateral Shoots ◽

Shoot Removal

A field experiment was carried out in a private orchard located at Dargalle village, Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq, during growing season of 2019 to investigate the effect of lateral shoots removal, spraying of three concentrations (0, 4 and 8 ml. L-1 ) of Algamix and their interaction on growth, yield and quality of ' Zark’ grapes. The results indicated that lateral shoot removal and both concentration of Algamix significantly increased leaf area and shoot length, as soon as TSS and total yield per vine. The interaction between the studies factors varied in their effect on the traits, the most important interaction was the interaction of lateral shoot removal + spraying of high concentration of Algamix (8 ml. L-1

Download Full-text

Influence of Girdling and Gibberellic Acid on Yield Components, Fruit Composition, and Vestigial Seed Formation of `Sovereign Coronation' Table Grapes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.3.541 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 541-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andrew G. Reynolds ◽

Christiane de Savigny

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Yield Components ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Seed Formation ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Effect On Yield

Vestigial seeds of `Sovereign Coronation' table grapes frequently form partial seedcoats that are perceptible during consumption. This problem was addressed through cane/cordon girdling and gibberellic acid (GA3) sprays. `Sovereign Coronation' vines were subjected to one of five treatments [untreated control; cane/cordon girdled; 15 ppm GA3 at bloom (GA1); GA1 + 40 ppm GA3 14 days later (GA2); GA2 + 40 ppm GA3 14 days later]. GA3 had no effect on yield or clusters per vine, but postbloom GA3 treatments increased cluster and berry weights and reduced berries per cluster. Fruit maturity was not consistently affected by the treatments, although slight increases in °Brix and pH and decreases in titratable acidity (TA) were associated with postbloom GA3 treatments. Use of postbloom GA3 applications reduced the number and weight of vestigial seeds with developed seedcoats, and reduced the number and weight of undeveloped seeds as well in 2 of 3 years. Girdling increased cluster and berry weights, decreased °Brix and TA, and increased pH. Transpiration rate of leaves on girdled vines was also higher than control vines on one sampling date. Data suggest that use of bloom and postbloom GA3 applications to `Sovereign Coronation' may reduce the formation of perceptible vestigial seeds and thus improve the marketability of this cultivar.

Download Full-text

Influence of summer management practices and date of harvesting on organic acids concentration and sugar concentration in grapes of Vitis vinifera L., cv. Riesling

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/213/2017-hortsci ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 211-218

Author(s):

Lubomír Lampíř ◽

Jiří Źaloudek

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Management Practices ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Lateral Shoots ◽

The Impact ◽

Wine Ageing ◽

Cool Climate

The impact of summer canopy management was investigated in Vitis vinifera L., cv. Riesling. Sugar and organic acid concentrations were measured for the six defoliation treatments. Titratable acidity (TA) was measured twice before harvest and once at the date of harvest. The same measurements were done twice during wine ageing. The young wine was measured for concentrations of malic, tartaric and volatile acids. Treatments with appropriate defoliation, where shortened lateral shoots (up to two leaves) were retained, supported the process of wine grape ripening to the greatest extend in the cool climate of the Czech Republic, while treatments with almost no defoliation yielded the worst results. The TA decreased during fruit ripening after veraison and continued to decrease during wine maturation. The tendency of decreasing with time was shown for the malic to tartaric acid ratio as well. Concentrations of volatile acids were sufficiently low in each of the treatments.

Download Full-text

The effects of thinning and girdling on leaf water potential, growth and fruit composition of Ruby Seedless grapevines

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2001.35.2.985 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Aziz Ezzahouani ◽

Larry E. Williams

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Water Potential ◽

Leaf Water Potential ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Potential Growth ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Berry Weight

A study was conducted to determine the effects of thinning and girdling at fruitset on growth, yield and fruit composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Ruby Seedless grapevines. Leaf water potential of girdled vines was higher than that of the control vines. Thinning resulted in an increase in shoot length and pruning weight. Berry weight was increased by 7 p. cent and 14 p. cent for the girdling and thinning treatments, respectively. The greatest berry weight (28 p. cent) occurred with a combinations of both treatments. Girdling significantly decreased titratable acidity and enhanced fruit coloration. Yield per vine was significantly decreased by severe thinning treatments. This study demonstrated that moderate thinning and girdling at fruitset could improve Ruby Seedless berry weight and composition without a severe decrease in yield per vine.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Mechanized Vineyard Production Systems for Barbera (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevines Grown in the San Joaquin Valley

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.517a ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 517A-517

Author(s):

G.T. Berg ◽

R.K. Striegler

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Production Systems ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Training System ◽

San Joaquin Valley ◽

Production Costs ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Pruning Method ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Labor Requirements

The availability and cost of labor are important concerns for many California wine grape growers. Greater state and federal labor regulations, increased grower liability, increased efforts to control illegal immigration, and mandated increases in the minimum wage are causing growers to investigate production systems that may reduce labor requirements and costs. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the influence of training system and mechanization on vegetative growth, yield, fruit composition, labor requirements, and production costs for wine grapes grown in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Barbera vines grafted on Freedom rootstock were used in the experiment. Treatment variables examined were training system (bilateral cordon, non-positioned vs. bilateral cordon, vertical shoot positioned) and pruning method (hand vs. machine pre-pruning with hand follow-up). The experimental design used was a randomized complete block with data analyzed as a factorial. There were five blocks and all treatment combinations were evaluated. Data were collected during the 1994 and 1995 seasons for vegetative growth, yield, fruit composition, pruning labor requirements, and machinery performance. Few treatment effects were observed on vegetative growth, yield, and fruit composition during the course of this study. When significant differences were noted for these parameters, training system had a greater impact than pruning method. In contrast, labor requirements and production costs displayed a significant response to pruning method. Machine pre-pruning reduced pruning labor requirements from 41 man-hours per acre to 24–28 man-hours per acre per year. Pruning labor requirements were reduced by ≈40% and the costs associated with pruning were reduced by ≈30%.

Download Full-text

Assessment of tempranillo grapes quality in the vineyard by Vitur score-sheet

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2008.42.1.833 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Javier Tardáguila ◽

Fernando Martínez de Toda

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Reliable Method ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Score Sheet ◽

Grape Quality ◽

Total Anthocyanins

Aims: The main objective of this study is to determine whether the Vitur score-sheet could be applied as a reliable method for assessing winegrape quality in the vineyard.Methods and results: Grape assessment of vineyards (Vitis vinifera L. 'Tempranillo') in the Rioja Appellation was performed by Vitur scoresheet, proposed by Tardáguila and Martínez de Toda (2005). Vegetative growth, yield components and the chemical composition of the grapes were also determined. Correlation analysis between vineyard variables and the chemical composition of the grapes were performed to identify characteristics associated with grape quality. The Vitur value was the studied parameter that displayed the best correlation with the chemical composition of the grapes. Vitur value was significantly correlated with extractable and total anthocyanins, total polyphenols index, sugar content, titratable acidity, tartaric acid and malic acid content.Conclusions: This article reports a new approach to winegrape assessment in the vineyard. The Vitur methodology was a fast and reliable method for assessing Tempranillo grape quality in the vineyard under Spanish conditions.Significance and impact of study: The results suggest that wine industry could use a Vitur methodology, as tool to classify grapes in a simple and rational manner before the harvest and winemaking

Download Full-text

Effects of nitrogen and its carriers with different topping heights on growth, yield and quality of tobacco

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600032147 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 181-189

Author(s):

S. R. Mahadik

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Yield And Quality

SUMMARYIn this investigation the largest amount of nitrogen used, 44 kg per hectare, increased leaf size, yield and amount of nicotine in the leaf. The three carriers of N had similar effects on growth and yield at each amount applied but calcium ammonium nitrate produced tobacco inferior in quality to that with ammonium sulphate and urea. Increasing topping height from 8 to 10 and to 12 leaves increased the total leaf area per plant and yields, delayed maturity and lowered the quality of the tobacco. The greatest yield was produced by using 44 kg of N and topping at 12 leaves, but the best quality resulted from using 44 kg of N and topping at 8 leaves.

Download Full-text

Fruit Zone Leaf Removal Timing and Extent Alters Bunch Rot, Primary Fruit Composition, and Crop Yield in Georgia-grown ‘Chardonnay’ (Vitis vinifera L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15090-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 1654-1661 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Annie R. Vogel ◽

Rachael S. White ◽

Clark MacAllister ◽

Cain C. Hickey

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Management Practice ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Bunch Rot ◽

The U.S

Fruit zone leaf removal is a vineyard management practice used to manage bunch rots, fruit composition, and crop yield. We were interested in evaluating fruit zone leaf removal effects on bunch rot, fruit composition, and crop yield in ‘Chardonnay’ grown in the U.S. state of Georgia. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: no leaf removal (NO); prebloom removal of four or six leaves (PB-4, PB-6), post–fruit set removal of four or six leaves (PFS-4, PFS-6), and prebloom removal of two or three leaves followed by post–fruit set removal of two or three leaves (PB-2/PFS-2, PB-3/PFS-3). Although leaf removal reduced botrytis bunch rot and sour rot compared with NO, effects were inconsistent across the two seasons. Fruit zone leaf removal treatments reduced titratable acidity (TA) and increased soluble solids compared with NO. PB-6 consistently reduced berry number per cluster, cluster weight, and thus crop yield relative to PFS-4. Our results show that post–fruit set fruit zone leaf removal to zero leaf layers aids in rot management, reduces TA, increases soluble solids, and maintains crop yield compared with no leaf removal. We therefore recommend post–fruit set leaf removal to zero leaf layers over no leaf removal if crops characterized by relatively greater soluble solids-to-TA ratio and reduced bunch rot are desirable for winemaking goals.

Download Full-text

Fruit quality and production of Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay affected by partial defoliation in tropical highlands

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v68n2.50944 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 7581-7588 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jaime Ernesto Peña Olmos ◽

Fánor Casierra Posada

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Quality Parameter ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Defoliation Treatment ◽

Parameter Values

Using a completely randomized design with two treatments (50% defoliation and a control without defoliation) and six replications per treatment, the fruit quality and production of grape plants subjected to early partial-defoliation in Villa de Leyva - Colombia were determined. Five-year-old Vitis vinifera L. 'Chardonnay' plants were used as the plant material, planted in a trellis system with distances of 2.1 x 1 m. The plants were partially defoliated biweekly, removing every other recently emerged leaf in each of the plants subjected to the defoliation treatment. 130 days after the start of the pruning, the number of harvested clusters was determined for each of the evaluated plants along with the number of berries per cluster, the fresh weight of the clusters, the average berry weight, the fruit pH and diameter, the total soluble solids (TSS), the total titratable acidity (TTA) and the fruit maturity index (MI). The average weights of the clusters and the berries were significantly higher in the plants subjected to a reduced foliar area. All of the fruit quality parameter values increased with defoliation with the exception of TTA, which was higher in the control plants. Therefore, it was concluded that partial-defoliation had a pronounced influence on the fruit quality and production of the 'Chardonnay' grapes.

Download Full-text