scholarly journals In vitro Propagation of Laelia albida (Orchidaceae) for Conservation and Ornamental Purposes in Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Santos-Hernández ◽  
Martha Martínez-García ◽  
Jorge E. Campos ◽  
Ernesto Aguirre-León
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
South Central

The orchid Laelia albida is an important cultural and religious plant resource of the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Valley Biosphere Reserve in south-central Mexico. It is gradually becoming scarce due to overcollecting and habitat perturbation. For this reason, and for preservation purposes, the aim of the present work was to obtain the conditions to successfully propagate this species, through the use of mature seeds stored at 4 °C, and basal buds following in vitro techniques. Seeds with different storage periods (lot 1 and lot 2) were analyzed for seed viability as determined by the TTC method, germination percentage and germination index were analyzed on a monthly basis for 11 months on two Knudson C (K-4003, K-4128; Sigma). Seedlings were initially grown on the same culture media variants, but 30 days later they needed to be supplemented with potato starch (20 g·L-1). Basal buds were cultured on Knudson C containing nine BAP and NAA combinations two of which were also supplemented with potato starch (20 g·L-1) and coconut water (10%). Seed viability ranged from 78% to 98% throughout the 11 months and germination percentage was 70% to 90% without significant differences between the two lots. K-4003, either alone or supplemented with potato starch, was the best culture medium used to achieve all the development stages as well as seedlings with rhizoids. Bud proliferation was also successful on K-4003 added with BAP, NAA, potato starch and coconut water. The BAP (7.4 μm) and NAA (5.3 μm) combination promoted shoots and protocorm-like bodies (PLB). The results obtained with basal buds, make its preservation through in vitro culture possible and give the possibility to obtain available plantlets for its cultivation in regional nurseries. Storage conditions tested here may be useful for seed bank management for this species. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

Effect of moisture content on in vitro regeneration of embryonicaxis explants of cowpea Vigna unguiculata L.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Jain ◽  
Kalyani Srinivasan ◽  
R. P. Yadav ◽  
Aradhana Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Tissue Culture Media

To see the effect of ultra desiccation on seed survival, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds were conditioned to various moisture contents ranging from 8-2%. When monitored after one year of storage, variability was observed in seed viability in the seeds conditioned to different moistures. Seeds conditioned to very low moisture contents exhibited greater loss in viability. Therefore, efforts were made to see the possibility of germinating the embryo under artificial condition using various media and growth regulators. The effect of various combinations of hormone in plant tissue culture media were evaluated on the growth of excised embryonic axis in vitro to develop an embryo rescue protocol. An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro shoots regeneration from cowpea embryonic axis to improve the survival of low viability seeds to avoid the loss of potentially valuable genes. Shoots were developed in most of the explants on medium containing MS salts and B5 vitamins supplemented with 0.2 mg/l BAP. All the regenerated shoots were rooted on the same medium and in vitro plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing soilrite at room temperature. All the plants produced healthy seeds after 2 months in greenhouse. This protocol can be used to rescue cowpea germplasm with low germination percentage which results in successful regeneration

Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anggrek Dendrobium anosmum Pada Media Kultur In Vitro Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi Air Kelapa

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tuhuteru ◽  
Meity L Hehanussa ◽  
Simon H.T Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Dendrobium anosmum is one of natural orchids in Indonesia. Optimization of medium composition for orchid propagation through in vitro culture is necessary to enhance propagule multiplication capabilities and quality. This study was aimed to study the influence of concentration of coconut water in culture medium on in vitro growth and development of D. anosmum orchid species and to determine the optimal coconut water concentration in culture media.  The experiment were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and eight replications. The treatments consisted of the addition of coconut water with concentrations: 0 ml•l -1 (control), 50 ml•l-1, 100 ml•l-1 and 150 ml•l-1. The results showed that addition of coconut water in culture medium gave different effect on shoot growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids.  Coconut water concentration of 100 ml•l-1 was the best concentration for growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids, based on both shoots and roots growth, plantlet height and wet weight.

scholarly journals Micropropagation and in vitro conservation of Alcantarea nahoumii (Bromeliaceae), an endemic and endangered species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e52940
Author(s):  
Simone Sacramento dos Santos Silva ◽  
Everton Hilo de Souza ◽  
Fernanda Vidigal Duarte Souza ◽  
Cristina Ferreira Nepomuceno ◽  
Maria Angélica Pereira de Carvalho Costa
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Conservation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Stem Segments

Alcantarea nahoumii (Leme) J. R. Grant is a species native to the Atlantic Forest that stands out for ornamental purposes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro germination of A. nahoumii seeds and establish a micropropagation protocol for production of seedlings so as to minimize the effects of predatory extractivism and develop an in vitro conservation system. Mature seeds were disinfested, established in three culture media (MS, MS½ and MS⅓) and incubated at four temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35ºC) in a germination chamber. In the micropropagation experiment, stem segments were introduced in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 μM of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.0, 2.2, 4.4 and 6.6 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). For the in vitro conservation, plantlets were established in MS or MS½ medium supplemented with 15 g L-1 or 30 g L-1 of sucrose. The plants were acclimated with commercial substrate. The highest seed germination percentages were promoted by temperature conditions of 20 and 25ºC, with MS culture medium. The highest multiplication rate of shoots was obtained from the treatment without addition of the growth regulator or when combined with 2.2 μM of BAP + 0.5 μM of NAA. The acclimation of the plants occurred with high survival rate. The species can be conserved in vitro under slow growth condition for 24 months when incubated in MS medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Heritability of in vitro Chrysanthemum on Various Combination of Plant Growth Regulators

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Muh. Farid Bdr
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
Plot Design

Heritability is a measure that describes the magnitude of a genetic influence on a character rather than an environmental factor. The higher the heritability value of a character, the higher the genetic variability. The aim of the study was to know the interaction between the combination of growth regulators and chrysanthemum varieties that gave the best chrysanthemum growth in vitro and analyzed the heritability of various chrysanthemum characters. The research was carried out at the In vitro Laboratory of Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar from May to September 2016. The study used a separate plot design in the group. The main plot was a combination of growth regulator consisting of 200 ml Coconut Water, 0.5 ppm BAP + Coconut Water 100 ml, BAP 1 ppm + Coconut Water 100 ml, 2,4-D 0.5 ppm + Coconut Water 200 ml, 2,4-D 0.5 ppm + BAP 0.5 ppm + Coconut Water 100 ml, 2,4-D 0.5 ppm + BAP 1 ppm + Coconut Water 100 ml. The subplots included 8 varieties of chrysanthemum (Fiji Pink, Marimar, Pasopati, Salzieta, Solida Pelangi, Limeron, Arosuka Pelangi, Yellow Tumohon). The basic media used was MS medium. The results showed that adding 200 ml young coconut to the culture media gave the best in-vitro chrysanthemum growth in terms of shoot and root formation, shoot count, root number, and shoot height in all chrysanthemum varieties; as well as all observed characters have high heritability and genetic variability

scholarly journals The Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Heat Treatments on Seed Germination of Rice: An Approach to Restore Seed Viability

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Monoj Sutradhar ◽  
Subhasis Samanta ◽  
Brijesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Md. Nasim Ali ◽  
Nirmal Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
One Year

Dormancy in rice serves as a mechanism of survival by protecting the seed from germinating in the mother plants; however, it becomes a problem in germination during sowing in soil or under in vitro conditions. This study was conducted to determine the effect of heat treatment and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatment of seeds on dormancy alleviation. The seeds included both freshly harvested seeds and one-year-old stored seeds, which were tested for germination after different types of seed treatments. Both the treatments increased the germination percentage in seeds, however, it was lesser in the case of old seeds. The best results were obtained from 2% NaOCl treatment for 24 hrs in new seeds, i.e. 92.84±0.103 % germination percentage (GP). However, the higher GP in old seeds were obtained from 48 hrs of heat-treated seeds i.e. 82.9±0.509 % GP. The results of the experiment revealed that rice seeds start to lose viability within a year due to seed dormancy, but this can be reversed with proper measures. These methods of breaking seed dormancy can be considered effective to break seed dormancy and improve seed germination in rice.

scholarly journals Embryo Development of Cypripedium formosanum in Relation to Seed Germination In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-I Lee ◽  
Nean Lee ◽  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
Mei-Chu Chung
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Zygotic Embryogenesis ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Significant Difference

This investigation documents the key anatomical features in embryo development of Cypripedium formosanum Hayata, in association with the ability of embryos to germinate in vitro, and examines the effects of culture media and seed pretreatments on seed germination. A better understanding of zygotic embryogenesis for the Cypripedium L. species would provide insights into subsequent germination events and aid in the in vitro propagation of these endangered species. In seeds collected at 60 days after pollination (DAP), soon after fertilization, no germination was recorded. The best overall germination was found at 90 DAP (≈70%), at which time early globular to globular embryos with a single-celled suspensors can be observed. After 135 DAP, the seeds germinated poorly. At this time the inner integument shrinks and forms a tight layer, which encloses the embryo, the so-called “carapace.” Using Nile red stain, a cuticular substance was detected in the carapace, which may play a role in the impermeability of the mature seed and may help the seeds survive in the stringent environment. At maturity (after 210 DAP), the embryo proper has an average size of eight cells along its length and six cells across the width. Lipids and proteins are the main storage products within the embryo. To improve seed germination, experiments were conducted to test the suitability of various media and pretreatments of seeds. When different media were used, except for the Harvais medium at 120 DAP, there was no significant difference in seed germination at three different developmental stages tested. Soaking mature seeds in 1% NaOCl or treating them with ultrasound may slightly increase the germination percentage. For seed germination, our results indicate that the timing of seed collection outweighs the composition of medium and the seed pretreatments.

scholarly journals Self-pollination of the orchid Cycnoches haagii from Brazilian Cerrado results in albino phenotype seedlings

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Vespasiano Borges de Paiva Neto ◽  
Mateus de Aguiar Torrezan ◽  
Manoela Aparecida Vieira da Silva ◽  
Daly Roxana Castro Padilha ◽  
Jerônimo Constantino Borel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Conservation Programs ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Albino Phenotype ◽  
Viable Seeds

Abstract Cycnoches haagii Barb. Rodr. is an epiphytic orchid very targeted by collectors, but no reference was found in the literature about its reproductive biology. Thus, the purpose of this study was to obtain initial information regarding pollination types and its influence on seed viability of this native orchid of the Brazilian Cerrado, in order to enable future propagation and preservation programs. Pollination among flowers of the same plant (geitonogamy) or different plants (xenogamy) were carried out. Seeds extracted from the capsules were sown in B&G medium, with full and half strength. Seeds from geitonogamic resulted in 25% of albino protocorms and consequently in albino seedlings. This phenomenon did not occur in seedlings derived from xenogamic pollination. Pigment analysis showed that even the albino seedlings presented chlorophylls and carotenoids, however, in significantly minor concentrations, 16% and 37% respectively, in relation to green seedlings. Geitonogamic and xenogamic pollinations resulted in C. haagii viable seeds with high germination percentage (90%) under in vitro conditions. The germination of seeds from xenogamic pollination resulted in chlorophyll or normal seedlings only, and can be recommended at conservation programs. On the other hand, although geitonogamic pollination should be avoided at conservation programs of this orchid species as it leads to albino seedlings, it showed a very interesting system to obtain seedlings with this phenotype, an interesting plant material to future investigation.

scholarly journals In vitro organogenesis in some citrus species

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Henrique Schinor ◽  
Fernando Alves de Azevedo ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽  
Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Organogenesis ◽  
Basal Culture Medium ◽  
Medium Supplementation ◽  
Media Supplementation

In vitro organogenesis of Citrus was studied for the genotypes Citrus sinensis cv. 'Natal', C. limonia, C. volkameriana, and C. aurantium, with the use of epicotyl segments-derived explants, cultured in MT salts and vitamins medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP - 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 or 2.0 mg L-1). For the recalcitrant genotypes C. limonia and C. aurantium the in vitro organogenesis was also studied with internodal segments-derived explants, cultured in MT salts and vitamins medium supplemented with 0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0, or 4.0 mg L-1 of BAP. The efficiency of culture medium supplementation with the combination of BAP (0.0; 1.0, or 2.0 mg L-1) and NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid - 0.0; 0.3, or 0.5 mg L-1) in the development of adventitious shoots was evaluated for C. aurantium. Culture medium supplementation with BAP is not essential for the adventitious shoots development in the four genotypes studied when epicotyl segments-derived explants are used. In general, culture media supplementation with BAP decreased the percentage of responsive explants excepted for C. sinensis cv. 'Natal' and C. limonia when the concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L were used. The presence of cytokinin, in concentrations up to 2 mg/L, stimulated the in vitro organogenesis when internodal segments-derived explants were used for C. limonia and C. aurantium. For C. aurantium no adventitious shoots developed in explants (internodal segments) cultured in basal culture medium, without BAP supplementation. Although no statistic differences could be detected, culture media supplementation with the combination of BAP and NAA favored the development of adventitious shoots in C. aurantium. The best concentration of NAA varied according to BAP concentration. The results presented herein, show that Citrus in vitro organogenesis depends on the interaction of culture medium composition, explant differentiation level, and genotype.

Ovule and Embryo Culture of Arachis hypogaea and Interspecific Hybrids1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
M. A. Eweda
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Basal Media

Abstract Interspecific hybridization in Arachis is difficult between species within sectional groups and nearly impossible among more distantly related species. Embryos usually abort early in the reproductive cycle; thus in vitro techniques are necessary to recover many desirable hybrid combinations in the genus. The objectives of this investigation were to develop techniques whereby mature plants could be recovered from otherwise aborting embryos. First, ovule culture was performed using eight genotypes, three levels of kinetin, and the two basal media Murashige and Skoog (MS) and N6. Two-tenths mg/L kinetin in media resulted in 24% of the ovules swelling to a size of 3-4 mm which could be used for excising embryos. Embryo culture was next performed on five genotypes. The transfer series (I) 0.2 mg/L kinetin for 21 days, (2) 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylamino-purine (BAP) for 14 days and, (3) MS without growth regulators resulted in 34.6% of ovules producing plants across genotypes; other transfer series either resulted in a lower percentage of plant recovery and/or tissues of some genotypes which did not survive to maturity. The BAP medium induced shoot growth, while root growth was induced on the MS without growth regulator medium. Approximately 90% of embryos transferred to a mist system after 7-9 weeks in vitro survived transplanting to soil. Two interspecific hybrids were recovered from incompatible hexaploid x diploid crosses, but only after roots were induced using a MS basal medium with 4 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid:2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid in a fourth tissue transfer. The experiments illustrated the feasibility of rescuing embryos of A. hypogaea and interspecific peanut hybrids. The process is slow and will be most applicable to wide crosses which cannot be obtained by more conventional methods.

scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration through Direct Organogenesis from Protocorms of Oncidium tigrinum Llave & Lex. (Orchidaceae), an Endemic and Threatened Mexican Species

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1132-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Mata-Rosas ◽  
Rosario Julieta Baltazar-García ◽  
Victor Manuel Chávez-Avila
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation

A protocol for in vitro propagation from protocorms of Oncidium tigrinum Llave & Lex., a threatened species distributed in Mexico and highly appreciated as an ornamental, was developed. Two different explants, entire protocorms and longitudinal halves of protocorms, were used. In addition, the effect of two different culture media, Murashige and Skoog (MS) and modified Knudson (KCm), supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5 mg·L−1) and/or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg·L−1 was investigated. Adventitious shoot formation by direct organogenesis was obtained in all treatments; in some cases, the formation of protocorm-like bodies was induced. Shoot formation was greater for entire protocorms; the best treatment was MS medium containing at BA 1 to 2 mg·L−1 in combination with at NAA 0.1 mg·L−1. The average height of shoots was three times greater in MS medium than in KCm medium. Subculturing individual shoots in MS medium without plant growth regulators, but with 1 g·L−1 activated charcoal, allowed further development and rooting. An ex vitro survival rate of almost 100% was achieved. This study represents a comprehensive application for propagation, conservation, and sustainable use of this valuable natural resource.

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