scholarly journals Dissection of Linkage Drag in Breeding for Acylsugar-mediated Multiple Pests in Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1098C-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Mutschler ◽  
Jian Hua Xiong ◽  
Ahmed Wally ◽  
Ricardo Lobato-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Trichome Exudate

The wild tomato Lycopersicon pennellii is resistant to numerous important pests of cultivated tomato, L. esculentum, including armyworm, fruitworm, aphids, leafminers, and whitefly. The pest resistance of L. pennellii is mediated by the presence of acylsugars, which constitute 90% of L. pennelliitype IV trichome exudate. Transfer of the ability to accumulate acylsugars could result in pest-resistant tomato cultivars, and thus, a reduction in the dependence on synthetic chemicals for insect control for this crop. Initial tomato lines bred for acylsugar production possessed the desired insect resistance, but were of poor horticultural quality due to linkage drag. These tomato lines possessed seven or eight L. pennellii introgressions, some of which were quite large. As a result, about 25% to 30% of the genomes of these acylsugar lines were comprised of L. pennellii DNA. A set of 20 molecular markers was created, providing markers throughout each introgression. The acylsugar breeding program then combined use of a biochemical assay for acylsugars and genomic analyses using these molecular markers to determine which of the introgressions were involved in the linkage drag, and to select plants that either eliminated or shortened those introgressions. Introgressions on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, and 10 were found to be associated with negative characteristics, such as delayed germination, reduced fruit set or size, delayed maturity, or reduced seed set. New acylsugar lines that eliminate or reduce some of these introgressions were created. The new lines show marked improvement in some of the affected traits, while also producing acylsugars. Hybrids created using these lines show marked improvement in horticultural type.

scholarly journals QTL Analysis of the Production of Acylsugars Responsible for Pest Resistance in the Wild Tomato, Lycopersicon pennellii

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 841B-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Mutschler ◽  
Rebecca W. Doerge ◽  
Sin-Chieh Liu ◽  
Jian P. Kuai ◽  
Barbara E. Liedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Trichome Exudate

Lycopersicon pennellii, a wild relative of the tomato, L. esculentum, is resistant to a number of important pests of cultivated tomato due to the accumulation of acylsugars, which constitute 90% of L. pennellii LA716 type IV trichome exudate. An interspecific F2 population created by crossing L. esculentum × L. pennellii was surveyed for acylsugar accumulation and subjected to RFLP analysis to determine the genomic regions associated with the levels of acylglucoses, acylsucroses, and total acylsugars accumulated, and glucose as a percentage of total acylsugars. Data was analyzed using MAPMAKER with and without log10 transformation and using a threshold of either 2.4 (default value for MAPMAKER) or ones calculated according to the Permutation-based Estimated Threshold (PET) method. Genomic regions were identified for each of the traits studied. Effects of analytical method on identification of QTLs, similarities between these results and results published for the genus Solanum, and similarities between these results and the regions transferred by a breeding program selecting for acylsugar production are discussed.

Analysis of molecular markers in three different tomato cultivars exposed to ozone stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Marco ◽  
E. Calvo ◽  
P. Carrasco ◽  
M. J. Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Ozone Stress

scholarly journals Application Techniques of Molecular Marker and Achievement of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) in Three Major Crops Rice, Wheat and Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Muhammad Gul Arabzai ◽  
Hameed Gul
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Phenotype Data ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
New Varieties

With the discovery of new genetic technology, the researcher focuses on using DNA molecular markers to improve new varieties worldwide. Such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and enhancing quality and quantity at different plant breeding fields. Conventional breeding selection is based on phenotype data selection, time-consuming, and has a high chance of linkage drag. Thus, DNA molecular marker method usage is faster, easy, and not expensive than conventional breeding programs. This review focused on applying molecular markers such as genetic diversity analysis, the genotype of identification and fingerprinting, gene tagging and mapping, QTL analysis, and marker-assisted selection. In another part of this review, we focused on MAS's achievements related to improving agronomic traits, quality traits, and biotic/abiotic stresses for three major cereal crops like Wheat, Rice, and Maize.

scholarly journals Nonpreference of whitefly for oviposition in tomato genotypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Cláudia Toscano ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Jr. ◽  
Wilson Itamar Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

The silverleaf whitefly is one of most important pests of tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). The use of host plant resistance to control this insect is an interesting, potentially useful technique, but in demand of more research. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the oviposition non-preference of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) biotype B for different tomato plant genotypes, evaluating the correlation between oviposition preference and pubescence in the genotypes, and analyzing the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Lycopersicon pennellii leaflets under the scanning electron microscope. Four wild tomato genotypes, LA 716 (L. pennellii); PI 127826 and PI 127827 (L. hirsutum); PI 134417 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum), and two commercial genotypes, Santa Clara and Bruna VFN hybrid (L. esculentum) were evaluated for number of eggs cm-2 in free and no-choice oviposition tests, using randomized block design and completely randomized design, respectively. The number of trichome was measured in 4 mm² and coefficients of correlation between number of trichomes and number of eggs were calculated. The wild genotypes LA 716 and PI 134417 were less preferred showing oviposition nonpreference resistance type in both tests. The Bruna VFN and Santa Clara were more preferred in free-choice test, while wild genotypes PI 127826 and PI 127827 were more preferred in no-choice test. L. pennellii leaflets presented glandular trichomes type IV in both surfaces. Santa Clara genotype presented higher density of trichomes, and B. tabaci biotype B presented higher preference to oviposition.

scholarly journals Combined Use of Molecular Markers and High-Resolution Melting (HRM) to Assess Chromosome Dosage in Potato Hybrids

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clizia Villano ◽  
Valeria Miraglia ◽  
Massimo Iorizzo ◽  
Riccardo Aversano ◽  
Domenico Carputo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Combined Use

scholarly journals Pre-breeding studies in Panicum coloratum var. coloratum: Characterization using agro-morphological traits and molecular markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estanislao Burgos ◽  
Carolina Thompson ◽  
Mabel Giordano ◽  
Maria A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Phenotypic Information ◽  
C4 Grass ◽  
Panicum Coloratum ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Issr Molecular Markers

Panicum coloratum var. coloratum is a native African perennial C4 grass, introduced to Argentina. It is tolerant of salinity and cold and has good forage production. The scarce genotypic and phenotypic information about this grass limits its breeding in order to satisfy market demands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability in a collection of Panicum coloratum var. coloratum formed by 8 accessions and grown at EEA INTA Rafaela during the summer of 2011, based on 15 ISSR molecular markers and 17 morphological characters. For all morphological characters, the distribution of variability observed in the collection was high and not homogenous. The characters that showed greater variation were related to forage and seed production. Eight ISSRs, selected according to their reproducibility, showed 127 bands with 100% polymorphism and allowed grouping of populations according to their site of collection. AMOVA study indicated that more than 58% of the molecular variation existed within accessions; this would be consistent with the predominant allogamous form of reproduction. The results showed that the combined use of molecular and morphological markers offer complementary information. The high variability detected in this collection will allow for the initiation of a breeding program to improve important characters like those related to DM yield and seed production.

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