scholarly journals Application Techniques of Molecular Marker and Achievement of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) in Three Major Crops Rice, Wheat and Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Muhammad Gul Arabzai ◽  
Hameed Gul
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Phenotype Data ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
New Varieties

With the discovery of new genetic technology, the researcher focuses on using DNA molecular markers to improve new varieties worldwide. Such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and enhancing quality and quantity at different plant breeding fields. Conventional breeding selection is based on phenotype data selection, time-consuming, and has a high chance of linkage drag. Thus, DNA molecular marker method usage is faster, easy, and not expensive than conventional breeding programs. This review focused on applying molecular markers such as genetic diversity analysis, the genotype of identification and fingerprinting, gene tagging and mapping, QTL analysis, and marker-assisted selection. In another part of this review, we focused on MAS's achievements related to improving agronomic traits, quality traits, and biotic/abiotic stresses for three major cereal crops like Wheat, Rice, and Maize.

Identification of Yd2 Genotype in Barley with Molecular Markers and Their Application in Molecular Marker-assisted Selection

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1683-1688
Author(s):  
Yan-Hong ZHAO ◽  
Yan-Fang WANG ◽  
Run-Zhi LI ◽  
Hong-Bin NIU ◽  
Jing-Ai XUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection

Role of Genomic tools for Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] improvement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayata Singh ◽  
N. R. Yadav ◽  
Jogendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Trait Associations

Molecular markers are routinely utilized worldwide in all major crops as a component of breeding. The pace of development of molecular markers, establishment of marker–trait associations for important agronomic traits and other genomic sources has been accelerated in other pulses than the mungbean. The efforts are underway to use high-throughput genotyping platforms besides developing more genomic resources. So far, progress in the use of marker-assisted selection as a part of mungbean breeding programmes has been very limited. In this article, we have reviewed the progress made, limitations encountered and future possibilities for the application of marker-assisted selection in the genetic improvement of mungbean crops.

scholarly journals Molecular Marker Technology for Crop Improvement

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diversity Studies

Since the 1980s, agriculture and plant breeding have changed with the development of molecular marker technology. In recent decades, different types of molecular markers have been used for different purposes: mapping, marker-assisted selection, characterization of genetic resources, etc. These have produced effective genotyping, but the results have been costly and time-consuming, due to the small number of markers that could be tested simultaneously. Recent advances in molecular marker technologies such as the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms, genotyping by sequencing, and the release of the genome sequences of major crop plants open new possibilities for advancing crop improvement. This Special Issue collects sixteen research studies, including the application of molecular markers in eleven crop species, from the generation of linkage maps and diversity studies to the application of marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction.

Molecular Markers of Arachis and Marker-Assisted Selection

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
L. G. Mozingo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Donor Species

Abstract Many agronomic traits are difficult to select in Arachis hypogaea L. by conventional selection techniques, and marker-assisted selection offers an additional tool for obtaining improved germplasm lines. Molecular markers allow more efficient selection and offer a mechanism to eliminate undesirable traits associated with hybridizing diverse genotypes. The cultivated peanut has been analyzed by several marker systems, including RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, and SSRs. Variation has been observed among diverse genotypes in approximately 5% of the markers analyzed, but the number is much lower between pairs of A. hypogaea lines. Conversely, a large amount of variation has been observed among Arachis species. Molecular maps have been constructed independently in two laboratories by utilizing Arachis species; however, a map of the cultivated peanut will be very difficult and costly to produce. Studies of advanced-generation inter-specific hybrids have shown that A. cardenasii genes can be incorporatead into most linkage groups of A. hypogaea, indicating that A. hypogaea is not an allotetraploid in the classical sense where chromosomes from donor species are nonhomologous. Other molecular studies have identified A. duranensis and A. ipaensis as likely progenitor species of A. hypogaea. Associations of molecular markers with genes conditioning disease and insect resistances have been detected, and these investigations are beginning to be productive for selecting improved breeding lines and cultivars of peanut.

scholarly journals Sensory Test and Molecular Marker Based-Selection for Aromatic Rice in the F3 Progenies

Agrikultura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Nono Carsono ◽  
Amalia Purdianty ◽  
Santika Sari ◽  
Citra Bakti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Sensory Test ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Antisense Primer ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fgr Gene

Aromatic rice is a special type of rice that highly preferred by people in Asia due to the presence of aroma. Aroma in rice is determined by 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) compound which is controlled by a recessive fgr gene. A hybridization between cv. Sintanur (aromatic rice) and PTB33 (non-aromatic, resistant to brown planthopper/BPH) has been done in order to develop aromatic rice lines that resistant to BPH. In the F2 progeny, molecular marker-based selection and bioassay for the brown planthopper resistant lines have been carried out; however selection for the aromatic trait has not been performed yet. The objective of this study was to obtain the F3 progeny’s individual with aromatic trait. Sensory test was conducted by KOH 1.7% solution, meanwhile molecular markers applied were ESP (External Antisense Primer), IFAP (Internal Fragrant Antisense Primer), INSP (Internal Non fragrant Sense Primer) and EAP (External Antisense Primer). Eighty-eight plants from two selected (SP#31 and SP#224) F3 lines progenies derived from cv. Sintanur and PTB33 have been evaluated in this study. Detection by molecular markers found seventy-five genotypes (85.23%) were homozygous recessive (aromatic rice) and one was heterozygous (non-aromatic). Eighty-five (96.59%) genotypes were aromatic as detected by sensory test alone. Seventy-two (81.82%) genotypes were categorized as aromatic rice based on sensory test and molecular markers. Due to inconsistency results from each method alone, it is advised both methods to be applied to ensure the reliability and the accuracy since aroma in rice is affected by genetic composition and environment conditions. Selected genotypes will be continued for breeding program in developing aromatic rice with improved agronomic traits.

Improving the Resistance of Wuyunjing 8 to Rice Stripe Virus via Molecular Marker-assisted Selection

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Gen ZHANG ◽  
Zuo-Peng XU ◽  
Peng LI ◽  
Bo LI ◽  
Chao LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Rice Stripe Virus

scholarly journals Plant Variety Protection: Current Practices and Insights

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Ju-Kyung Yu ◽  
Yong-Suk Chung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Stability Testing ◽  
International Union ◽  
Plant Variety Protection ◽  
Common System ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Variety Protection

Breeders persistently supply farmers with the best varieties in order to exceed consumer demand through plant-breeding processes that are resource-intensive. In order to motivate continuous innovation in variety development, a system needs to provide incentives for plant breeders to develop superior varieties, for example, exclusive ownership to produce and market those varieties. The most common system is the acquisition of intellectual property protection through plant variety protection, also known as the breeder’s right. Most countries have adopted the system established by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). To be granted plant variety protection, the variety should prove to be unique by meeting three requirements: distinctness, uniformity, and stability. This review summarizes (1) the plant variety protection via UPOV convention, (2) technical methods for distinctness, uniformity, and stability testing via phenotype, molecular markers, and sequencing as well as their challenges and potentiality, and (3) additional discussions in essentially derived variety, value for cultivation and use testing, and open source seed initiative.

scholarly journals Meta-QTL analysis and identification of candidate genes for quality, abiotic and biotic stress in durum wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Soriano ◽  
Pasqualina Colasuonno ◽  
Ilaria Marcotuli ◽  
Agata Gadaleta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Performance

AbstractThe genetic improvement of durum wheat and enhancement of plant performance often depend on the identification of stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) and closely linked molecular markers. This is essential for better understanding the genetic basis of important agronomic traits and identifying an effective method for improving selection efficiency in breeding programmes. Meta-QTL analysis is a useful approach for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits, providing broader allelic coverage and higher mapping resolution for the identification of putative molecular markers to be used in marker-assisted selection. In the present study, extensive QTL meta-analysis was conducted on 45 traits of durum wheat, including quality and biotic and abiotic stress-related traits. A total of 368 QTL distributed on all 14 chromosomes of genomes A and B were projected: 171 corresponded to quality-related traits, 127 to abiotic stress and 71 to biotic stress, of which 318 were grouped in 85 meta-QTL (MQTL), 24 remained as single QTL and 26 were not assigned to any MQTL. The number of MQTL per chromosome ranged from 4 in chromosomes 1A and 6A to 9 in chromosome 7B; chromosomes 3A and 7A showed the highest number of individual QTL (4), and chromosome 7B the highest number of undefined QTL (4). The recently published genome sequence of durum wheat was used to search for candidate genes within the MQTL peaks. This work will facilitate cloning and pyramiding of QTL to develop new cultivars with specific quantitative traits and speed up breeding programs.

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