scholarly journals Changes in the Respiration, Growth, and Vitamin C Content of Soybean Sprouts in Response to Chitosan of Different Molecular Weights

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1333-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Sang Lee ◽  
Yong-Ho Kim ◽  
Sung-Bae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Soybean Sprouts ◽  
High Molecular Weight Chitosan ◽  
Chlorophyll Formation

To study the effects of chitosan on the productivity and nutritional quality of soybean (Glycine max L.) sprouts, soybean seeds were soaked in solutions containing 1,000 ppm chitosan of low (<10 kDa), medium (50 to 100 kDa), or high (>1,000 kDa) molecular weight, and the respiration, growth, and vitamin C content of the sprouts were subsequently evaluated. Sprouts treated with high molecular weight chitosan exhibited a significant increase in respiration, 5%, within 1 day of treatment. Chitosan effectively increased the growth of the sprouts: sprouts treated with high molecular weight chitosan showed increases of 3%, 1%, 3%, 1%, and 12% in the total length, hypocotyl length, root length, hypocotyl thickness, and fresh weight, respectively, as compared to a control. The growth-improving effects of chitosan were proportional to the molecular weight of the molecule used in the treatment. Chitosan treatment did not result in any significant reduction in vitamin C content or postharvest chlorophyll formation, traits that determine the nutritional and marketing values of soybean sprouts. All these results suggest that soaking soybean seeds in a solution of chitosan, especially of high molecular weight, may effectively enhance the productivity of soybean sprouts without adverse effects on the nutritional and postharvest characteristics.

scholarly journals Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Chitosan from Chitin by Mechanochemistry and Aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Di Nardo ◽  
Caroline Hadad ◽  
Albert Nguyen Van Nhien ◽  
Audrey Moores
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Chitosan ◽  
Angle Spinning ◽  
High Molecular Weight Chitosan

Chitosan can be obtained from the deacetylation of chitin. This process is however difficult and usually accompanied by depolymerization, affording low molecular weight chitosan. We report a novel path, relying on a combination of mechanochemitry and aging, to afford high molecular weight chitosan with minimal use of energy and solvent. This method is versatile and applicable to a number of chitin sources, including crude crustaceans and insect shells, yielding deacetylation up to 98% and remarkably high molecular weights. Chitin deacetylation was measured by magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular weight by viscometry. This process affords chitosan in a safer fashion and with less materials and energy usage than the classic hydrothermal one.

scholarly journals Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Chitosan from Chitin by Mechanochemistry and Aging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Di Nardo ◽  
Caroline Hadad ◽  
Albert Nguyen Van Nhien ◽  
Audrey Moores
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Angle Spinning ◽  
High Molecular Weight Chitosan

We report herein a novel path, relying on a combination of mechanochemitry and aging, to afford high molecular weight chitosan with minimal use of energy and solvent. We demonstrate that this method is versatile and applicable to a number of chitin sources, including crude crustaceans and insect shells, yielding deacetylation up to 98% and molecular weights up to 20,770 kDa. Chitin deacetylation yields were measured by magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Chitin and chitosans molecular weights were calculated by viscometry using an ionic liquid as a solvent. The effect of amorphization of chitin, and aging conditions, including humidity levels and temperatures were studied. <br>

scholarly journals Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Chitosan from Chitin by Mechanochemistry and Aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Di Nardo ◽  
Caroline Hadad ◽  
Albert Nguyen Van Nhien ◽  
Audrey Moores
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Chitosan ◽  
Angle Spinning ◽  
High Molecular Weight Chitosan

Chitosan can be obtained from the deacetylation of chitin. This process is however difficult and usually accompanied by depolymerization, affording low molecular weight chitosan. We report a novel path, relying on a combination of mechanochemitry and aging, to afford high molecular weight chitosan with minimal use of energy and solvent. This method is versatile and applicable to a number of chitin sources, including crude crustaceans and insect shells, yielding deacetylation up to 98% and remarkably high molecular weights. Chitin deacetylation was measured by magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular weight by viscometry. This process affords chitosan in a safer fashion and with less materials and energy usage than the classic hydrothermal one.

scholarly journals Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Chitosan from Chitin by Mechanochemistry and Aging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Di Nardo ◽  
Caroline Hadad ◽  
Albert Nguyen Van Nhien ◽  
Audrey Moores
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Angle Spinning ◽  
High Molecular Weight Chitosan

We report herein a novel path, relying on a combination of mechanochemitry and aging, to afford high molecular weight chitosan with minimal use of energy and solvent. We demonstrate that this method is versatile and applicable to a number of chitin sources, including crude crustaceans and insect shells, yielding deacetylation up to 98% and molecular weights up to 20,770 kDa. Chitin deacetylation yields were measured by magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Chitin and chitosans molecular weights were calculated by viscometry using an ionic liquid as a solvent. The effect of amorphization of chitin, and aging conditions, including humidity levels and temperatures were studied. <br>

scholarly journals Oligochitosan Hydrochloride: Preparation and Characterization

INEOS OPEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Tikhonov ◽  
◽  
B. B. Berezin ◽  
I. V. Blagodatskikh ◽  
E. A. Bezrodnykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
High Molecular Weight Chitosan ◽  
Analytical Protocols

The methods commonly used for depolymerization of chitosan and preparation of oligochitosan are discussed. A synthetic approach to oligochitosan hydrochloride with a molecular weight below 16 kDa based on the treatment of parent industrial high molecular weight chitosan with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide is described. A series of analytical protocols are used to determine the physicochemical properties and quality of resulting oligochitosan hydrochloride according to the European Pharmacopoeia 4.0.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Antifungal Properties of Clotrimazole in Combination with High-Molecular Weight Chitosan as a Multifunctional Excipient

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Bożena Grimling ◽  
Bożena Karolewicz ◽  
Urszula Nawrot ◽  
Katarzyna Włodarczyk ◽  
Agata Górniak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Dissolution Tests ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Molecular Weight Chitosan

Chitosans represent a group of multifunctional drug excipients. Here, we aimed to estimate the impact of high-molecular weight chitosan on the physicochemical properties of clotrimazole–chitosan solid mixtures (CL–CH), prepared by grinding and kneading methods. We characterised these formulas by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffractometry, and performed in vitro clotrimazole dissolution tests. Additionally, we examined the antifungal activity of clotrimazole–chitosan mixtures against clinical Candida isolates under neutral and acid conditions. The synergistic effect of clotrimazole and chitosan S combinations was observed in tests carried out at pH 4 on Candida glabrata strains. The inhibition of C. glabrata growth reached at least 90%, regardless of the drug/excipient weight ratio, and even at half of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of clotrimazole. Our results demonstrate that clotrimazole and high-molecular weight chitosan could be an effective combination in a topical antifungal formulation, as chitosan acts synergistically with clotrimazole against non-albicans candida strains.

Relation between Molecular Weights and Physical Properties of Rubber Fractions

1941 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gee ◽  
L. R. G. Treloar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Material ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Latex Rubber

Abstract As high elasticity is a property possessed only by substances of high molecular weight, it is of interest to enquire into the relation between the elastic properties of a highly elastic material such as rubber and its molecular weight. An investigation on these lines has been made possible through the work of Bloomfield and Farmer, who have succeeded in separating natural rubber into fractions having different average molecular weights. The more important physical properties of these fractions have been examined with the object of determining which of the properties are dependent on molecular weight and which are not. Fairly extensive observations were made on the fractions from latex rubber referred to as Nos. 2, 3 and 4 by Bloomfield and Farmer, and some less extensive observations were carried out on the less oxygenated portion of fraction No. 1 obtained from crepe rubber (called hereafter 1b) . Before considering these experimental results, and their relation to the molecular weights of the fractions, it will be necessary to refer briefly to the methods used for the molecular-weight determinations, and to discuss the significance of the figures obtained.

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