scholarly journals Optimizing Initiation and Maintenance of Vitis Embryogenic Cultures

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1400-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadanand A. Dhekney ◽  
Zhijian T. Li ◽  
Michael E. Compton ◽  
Dennis J. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Embryogenic Competence ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Vitis Rupestris ◽  
In Vitro Micropropagation ◽  
Embryogenic Response

Stamens and pistils from mature grapevines and leaves from in vitro micropropagation cultures were used to optimize parameters influencing somatic embryogenesis in Vitis. Embryogenic competence was dependent on species/variety, explant type and developmental stage, medium composition, and growth regulator concentration. Of varieties evaluated, a greater number produced embryogenic cultures from stamens and pistils (26) compared with leaves (six). Among the different stamen and pistil stages, Stage II and III explants produced the maximum embryogenic response regardless of genotype and medium composition. Of seven culture media tested, the highest embryogenic response was recorded from varieties cultured on MSI (18) and PIV (16) media. Experiments annually repeated over 3 to 10 years demonstrated reproducible results. Highly reliable protocols for somatic embryogenesis were obtained for 29 Vitis species and varieties, including 18 Vitis vinifera varieties, Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris, Vitis champinii, and eight Vitis hybrids. Embryogenic cultures were maintained on X6 medium for a period of 6 months to 2 years depending on the variety and used in studies involving genetic transformation and transgenic plant regeneration.

Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anggrek Dendrobium anosmum Pada Media Kultur In Vitro Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi Air Kelapa

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tuhuteru ◽  
Meity L Hehanussa ◽  
Simon H.T Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Dendrobium anosmum is one of natural orchids in Indonesia. Optimization of medium composition for orchid propagation through in vitro culture is necessary to enhance propagule multiplication capabilities and quality. This study was aimed to study the influence of concentration of coconut water in culture medium on in vitro growth and development of D. anosmum orchid species and to determine the optimal coconut water concentration in culture media.  The experiment were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and eight replications. The treatments consisted of the addition of coconut water with concentrations: 0 ml•l -1 (control), 50 ml•l-1, 100 ml•l-1 and 150 ml•l-1. The results showed that addition of coconut water in culture medium gave different effect on shoot growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids.  Coconut water concentration of 100 ml•l-1 was the best concentration for growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids, based on both shoots and roots growth, plantlet height and wet weight.

scholarly journals Influence of Light Conditions and Medium Composition on Morphophysiological Characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni In Vitro and In Vivo

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Alla A. Shulgina ◽  
Elena A. Kalashnikova ◽  
Ivan G. Tarakanov ◽  
Rima N. Kirakosyan ◽  
Mikhail Yu. Cherednichenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Multiplication Coefficient

We investigated the influence of different conditions (light composition and plant growth regulators (PGRs) in culture media) on the morphophysiological parameters of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro and in vivo. Both PGRs and the light spectra applied were found to significantly affect plant morphogenesis. During the micropropagation stage of S. rebaudiana, optimal growth, with a multiplication coefficient of 15, was obtained in an MS culture medium containing 2,4-epibrassinolide (Epin) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg L−1, respectively. During the rooting stage, we found that the addition of 0.5 mg L−1 hydroxycinnamic acid (Zircon) to the MS medium led to an optimal root formation frequency of 85% and resulted in the formation of strong plants with well-developed leaf blades. Cultivation on media containing 0.1 mg L−1 Epin and 0.5 mg L−1 IAA and receiving coherent light irradiation on a weekly basis resulted in a 100% increase in the multiplication coefficient, better adventitious shoot growth, and a 33% increase in the number of leaves. S. rebaudiana microshoots, cultured on MS media containing 1.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg L−1 IAA with red monochrome light treatments, increased the multiplication coefficient by 30% compared with controls (white light, media without PGRs).

scholarly journals In vitro multiplication and hardening of grapevine plants in aeriated media

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zok ◽  
A. Zielinska ◽  
R. Oláh ◽  
E. Szegedi
Keyword(s):  
Complete Removal ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Vitis Rupestris ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
New Varieties

In vitro cultures have widely been used in horticulture for rapid multiplication of new varieties and clones as well as to produce pathogen-free stock material. To improve efficient hardening and transfer in vitro grown grapevine plants were multiplied by cutting them into single-node internodes with the whole leaf. Microcuttings including the shoot tips were rooted in granulated perlite moisted with tapwater under sterile conditions. After 2-3 weeks the rooted microcuttings were supplied by nutrients and hardened by gradual opening and finally by complete removal of the lids of jars or plastic boxes used for growth. Using this method microcuttings of Vitis vinifera cvs. „Chardonnay", „Cabernet franc", „Riesling" and „Sauvignon blanc" and the rootstock varieties Vitis riparia x Vitis cinerea cv. „Barrier" and Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris cv. „Richter 110" formed new roots and shoots and 100% of the tested plants survived the acclimatization procedure. Similar results were obtained when perlite was replaced with rockwool-, or pit-pot blocks. This method may highly increase the efficiency of producing pathogen-free propagating material and new transgenic lines.

scholarly journals The Prospect of Physiological Events Associated with the Micropropagation of Eucalyptus sp.

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Rambod Abiri ◽  
Narges Atabaki ◽  
Hazandy Abdul-Hamid ◽  
Ruzana Sanusi ◽  
Nor Aini Ab Shukor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Industrial Level

Micropropagation is a reliable technique in biotechnology and genetic engineering domain, which has been widely applied for rapid mass propagation of plants in vitro condition. Through micropropagation techniques, reproduction of plants can be attained from different explants using organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Over the decades, micropropagation techniques have offered tremendous potential for forest tree improvement. Eucalyptus is a woody plant species recalcitrant to in vitro culture. In general, the micropropagation of Eucalyptus culture processes and the genotype, environment surroundings, and age of explants in culture media is frequently linked with the occurrence of micropropagation variation. In the current review paper, an update of the most important physiological and molecular phenomena aspects of Eucalyptus micropropagation was linked to the most profound information. To achieve the mentioned target, the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), nutrients, other adjuvant and environmental features, as well as genetic interaction with morpho- and physiological mechanisms was studied from the induction to plant acclimatisation. On the other hand, important mechanisms behind the organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus are discussed. The information of current review paper will help researchers in choosing the optimum condition based on the scenario behind the tissue culture technique of Eucalyptus. However, more studies are required to identify and overcome some of the crucial bottlenecks in this economically important forest species to establish efficient micropropagation protocol at the industrial level.

scholarly journals In vitro organogenesis in some citrus species

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Henrique Schinor ◽  
Fernando Alves de Azevedo ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽  
Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Organogenesis ◽  
Basal Culture Medium ◽  
Medium Supplementation ◽  
Media Supplementation

In vitro organogenesis of Citrus was studied for the genotypes Citrus sinensis cv. 'Natal', C. limonia, C. volkameriana, and C. aurantium, with the use of epicotyl segments-derived explants, cultured in MT salts and vitamins medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP - 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 or 2.0 mg L-1). For the recalcitrant genotypes C. limonia and C. aurantium the in vitro organogenesis was also studied with internodal segments-derived explants, cultured in MT salts and vitamins medium supplemented with 0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0, or 4.0 mg L-1 of BAP. The efficiency of culture medium supplementation with the combination of BAP (0.0; 1.0, or 2.0 mg L-1) and NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid - 0.0; 0.3, or 0.5 mg L-1) in the development of adventitious shoots was evaluated for C. aurantium. Culture medium supplementation with BAP is not essential for the adventitious shoots development in the four genotypes studied when epicotyl segments-derived explants are used. In general, culture media supplementation with BAP decreased the percentage of responsive explants excepted for C. sinensis cv. 'Natal' and C. limonia when the concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L were used. The presence of cytokinin, in concentrations up to 2 mg/L, stimulated the in vitro organogenesis when internodal segments-derived explants were used for C. limonia and C. aurantium. For C. aurantium no adventitious shoots developed in explants (internodal segments) cultured in basal culture medium, without BAP supplementation. Although no statistic differences could be detected, culture media supplementation with the combination of BAP and NAA favored the development of adventitious shoots in C. aurantium. The best concentration of NAA varied according to BAP concentration. The results presented herein, show that Citrus in vitro organogenesis depends on the interaction of culture medium composition, explant differentiation level, and genotype.

Influence of auxins on somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation in Leucojum aestivum callus

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Ptak ◽  
Anna Tahchy ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Tomasz Wójtowicz ◽  
Dominique Laurain-Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Leucojum Aestivum ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Response

AbstractIn vitro cultures of Leucojum aestivum are considered as an alternative for the production of galanthamine, which is used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We studied the effects of auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) at concentrations of 25 and 50 µM on the induction of embryogenic callus and its capacity to induce somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation. The embryogenic response of the explants was from 30% for 25 µM of dicamba to 100% for picloram (for both 25 and 50 µM). 2,4-D (50 µM) stimulated greater callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction as compared to the other auxins. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) stimulated somatic embryo maturation. Callus grown on media containing 50 µM of auxins produced fewer phenolic compounds as compared with callus grown on media containing 25 µM of auxins. GC-MS analyses showed seven alkaloids in the in vivo bulbs and two to four in callus culture. Galanthamine was detected in callus cultivated with 2,4-D (25, 50 µM), picloram (25 µM), and dicamba (50 µM). Other alkaloids, trisphaeridine, tazettine, and 11-hydroxyvittatine were accumulated only in callus growing on medium with picloram (50 µM).

Effect of medium composition on the in vitro culture of bovine pre-antral follicles: morphology and viability do not guarantee functionality

Zygote ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Rossetto ◽  
Márcia Viviane Alves Saraiva ◽  
Regiane Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva ◽  
Luciana Rocha Faustino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Minimum Essential Medium ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Suitable Medium

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of three different culture media (α minimum essential medium (α-MEM), McCoy or TCM199 during the in vitro culture (IVC) of bovine isolated pre-antral follicles. Pre-antral follicles greater than 150 μm in size were isolated and cultured for 0 (control), 8 or 16 days in one of the abovementioned culture media. Follicles were evaluated for survival, growth and antrum formation at days 8 and 16. The results showed that TCM199 was the most suitable medium to preserve follicular viability and ultrastructure, resulting in the highest rates of antrum formation. In conclusion, TCM199 promotes the in vitro development of isolated pre-antral follicles without hampering follicular functionality by sustaining in vitro growth and antrum formation.

scholarly journals Somaclonal Variation During Picea abies and P. omorika Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Hazubska-Przybył ◽  
Monika Dering
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Embryogenic Lines

AbstractEmbryogenic cultures of plants are exposed to various stress factors bothin vitroand during cryostorage. In order to safely include the plant material obtained by somatic embryogenesis in combination with cryopreservation for breeding programs, it is necessary to monitor its genetic stability. The aim of the present study was the assessment of somaclonal variation in plant material obtained from embryogenic cultures ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. andP. omorika(Pančić) Purk. maintainedin vitroor stored in liquid nitrogen by the pregrowth-dehydration method. The analysis of genetic conformity with using microsatellite markers was performed on cotyledonary somatic embryos (CSE), germinating somatic embryos (GSE) and somatic seedlings (SS), obtained from tissues maintainedin vitroor from recovered embryogenic tissues (ETc) and CSE obtained after cryopreservation. The analysis revealed changes in the DNA of somatic embryogenesis-derived plant material of bothPiceaspp. They were found in plant material from 8 out of 10 tested embryogenic lines ofP. abiesand in 10 out of 19 embryogenic lines ofP. omorikaafterin vitroculture. Changes were also detected in plant material obtained after cryopreservation. Somaclonal variation was observed in ETc and CSE ofP. omorikaand at ETv stage ofP. abies. However, most of the changes were induced at the stage of somatic embryogenesis initiation. These results confirm the need for monitoring the genetic stability of plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis and after cryopreservation for both spruce species.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Rudbeckia hirta L. from seedling explants

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
P. Szarvas ◽  
A. Zsila-André ◽  
Z. Kováts ◽  
M. G. Fári
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Axillary Meristem ◽  
Surface Disinfection ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Rudbeckia Hirta ◽  
Seedling Explants ◽  
In Vitro Micropropagation ◽  
Special Value

We conducted experiments for developing an in vitro micropropagation protocol starting from meristems of Rudbeckia hirta L seedlings. We pre-soaked the seeds in sterile ion-exchanged water for 17 hours, and then achieved surface disinfection in two separate steps. First, we used concentrated household sodium-hypochloride solution for 20 minutes and, also for 20 minutes, we applied hydrogen peroxide of 10%, which was followed by washing with sterile ion-exchanged water three times. For the propagation of seedling meristems, the combination of half-strenght solid Murashige and Skoog (1962) culture medium containing 10 mg/1 of kinetin or 2 mg/I of kinetin + 0.1 mg/1 of 2iP proved to be the most suitable. The average number of shoot-buds developed from the seedling axillary meristem in the best culture media varied between 5 and 17. Without separating them, we inoculated the shoot-bud clusters on MS culture medium containing 2 mg/1 of IAA. After four weeks of incubation we obtained elongated shoots which we separated and inoculated into a new culture medium and we obtained elongated roots. The rooted plants were gradually acclimatised in the cultivation room, potted and carried to a greenhouse, and then planted in open field for subsequent observation. By adopting this method, our laboratory started the micropropagation of the superior and/or elite genotypes of the Rudbeckia hirta L. being of special value in respect of breeding.

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