scholarly journals Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Interactions on Quality of Controlled Atmosphere-stored ‘Empire’ Apples

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1708-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Watkins ◽  
F.W. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures

The storage potential of ‘Empire’ apples [Malus ×sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] in controlled atmosphere storage has been studied. Fruit were treated with a range of partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) from 0 to 5 kPa at storage temperatures of 0, 0.5, and 3 °C. The predominant storage disorders that developed were external CO2 injury, flesh browning (chilling injury), senescent breakdown (soft flesh browning), and core browning. All disorders except external CO2 injury increased with longer storage periods. The incidence of external CO2 injury was usually greater with higher storage temperature, whereas flesh browning was worst at lower storage temperatures and senescent breakdown was higher at warmer storage temperatures. The effect of storage temperature on core browning was not consistent. External CO2 injury, flesh browning, and core browning incidences were higher with increasing pCO2, especially above 2 kPa. Flesh firmness was lowest at warmer storage temperatures and in the absence of CO2. Orchard to orchard variation for all factors was high. Relationships of disorders with mineral concentrations were specific to disorder and storage conditions. The results suggest that ‘Empire’ should be stored at 1 to 2 °C, reflecting a compromise between risk of flesh browning at 0 °C and risk of senescent breakdown and unacceptably soft fruit at 3 °C and that pCO2 should be maintained below 2 kPa and closer to 1 kPa.

Effects of elevated CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on storage-related disorders of Ontario-grown Empire apples

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Deyman ◽  
Greta Chiu ◽  
Jingyun Liu ◽  
Carolyne J. Brikis ◽  
Christopher P. Trobacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Deyman, K. L., Chiu, G., Liu, J., Brikis, C. J., Trobacher, C. P., DeEll, J. R., Shelp, B. J. and Bozzo, G. G. 2014. Effects of elevated CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on storage-related disorders of Ontario-grown Empire apples. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 857–865. The impact of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application on CO2-induced physiological injury in Empire apple fruit during controlled atmosphere storage was assessed over a 3-yr period using an experimental design involving multiple treatment replicates. Fruit harvested at optimal maturity from one or two orchards were treated with or without 1 µL L−1 1-MCP, then chilled at 0 or 3°C under various CO2 partial pressures (5, 2.5 or 0.03 kPa CO2) in the presence of 2.5 kPa O2 for up to 46 wk using a split-plot design. Fruit were sampled periodically for assessment of flesh browning and external peel injury. The maximal incidence of external CO2 injury varied from 15 to 100% over the 3 yr, and the most rapid development of this disorder was evident at 5 kPa CO2. The incidence of external CO2 injury as a function of storage time was influenced by orchard location and storage temperature. Moreover, the incidence of flesh browning at 0°C and 5 kPa CO2 was influenced slightly by orchard; this disorder was never higher than 30%, and the impact of elevated CO2 was inconsistent across years. Notably, there was no evidence for negative effects of 1-MCP on the incidence of storage-related disorders.

EFFECTS OF PICKING DATE, DELAYED STORAGE, STORAGE TEMPERATURE, AND STORAGE ATMOSPHERE ON THE QUALITY OF STARRING DELICIOUS APPLES

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-595
Author(s):  
M. MEHERIUK ◽  
S. W. PORRITT
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
And Storage

The effects of picking date, storage atmosphere, storage temperature, and delayed storage on the behavior of Starking Delicious apples (Malus sylvestris Mill.) were studied over a 3-yr period. Regular cold storage, controlled atmosphere storages of 2% CO2 + 3% O2, and 0% CO3 + 3% O2, delayed storage of 48 h at 20 C prior to cold and controlled-atmosphere storage and temperatures of 0 and − 1 C were the treatments used. Temperature showed little or no effect on firmness, acidity, soluble solids, core browning, or flesh browning but controlled atmosphere treatments at − 1 C markedly reduced the incidence of scald compared with 0 C. Apples from the 2% CO2 + 3% O2 atmosphere had significantly more core browning than those from the 0% CO2 + 3% O2 atmosphere. The fruit picked later had less core browning than that picked 1 wk earlier when stored in the 2% CO2 + 3% O2 atmosphere. Fruit stored in a 2% CO2 + 3% O2 atmosphere was firmer than that in 0% CO2 + 3% O2.

scholarly journals CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE OF `HASS' AVOCADOS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 599c-599
Author(s):  
Dana F. Faubion ◽  
Mary Lu Arpaia ◽  
F. Gordon Mitchell ◽  
Gene Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Hass Avocado ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

Optimum controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions were evaluated over a two year period for California-grown `Hass' avocado (Persea americana). Fruit harvests corresponded to early, middle and late season commercial harvests. Various temperatures and CA conditions were tested. The results indicate that the storage life of `Hass' can be extended from 3 to 4 weeks in 5C air, to 9 weeks in 5C CA if they are held in 2% oxygen and 2 to 5% carbon dioxide. Loss of quality as determined by chilling injury expression and flesh softening was greatly reduced in these conditions. Fruit maturity influenced the response to CA storage. Late season fruit had greater loss of quality in storage than earlier fruit. In 2% oxygen and 2.5% carbon dioxide, continuous exposure to ethylene levels as low as 0.1 ppm significantly increased quality loss. Delays in cooling and CA atmosphere establishment of up to three days after harvest did not effect quality.

Changes in ACC and conjugated ACC levels following controlled atmosphere storage of nectarine

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Uthairatanakij ◽  
P. Penchaiya ◽  
B. McGlasson ◽  
P. Holford
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Gaseous Composition ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

Low temperature disorders of nectarines are thought to be expressions of chilling injury. Chilling injury is a form of stress usually associated with increased synthesis of ethylene and its immediate precursor, aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). However, other mechanisms for the development of chilling injury have been proposed. To help determine the nature of the processes leading to chilling injury in nectarines (Prunus persica) and how the gaseous composition of the storage atmosphere effects the development of low temperature disorders, levels of ACC and conjugated ACC were measured in fruit of the cv. Arctic Snow. These compounds were measured in fruit ripened at 20°C immediately after harvest, in fruit on removal from cold storage and in fruit ripened at 20°C following cold storage. During storage, fruit were kept at 0°C in the 4 following atmospheres: air; air + 15% CO2; air + 15 µL/L ethylene; and air + 15% CO2 + 15 µL/L ethylene. Concentrations of ACC remained low in all treatments and no significant changes in ACC levels due to added ethylene or CO2 were observed. Concentrations of conjugated ACC were about 10-times that of ACC and again were not influenced by the composition of the storage atmosphere. No significant changes in either ACC or conjugated ACC were observed until after flesh bleeding, the major symptoms of low temperature disorder expressed in these fruit, had begun to appear. It was concluded that disorders in nectarines stored at low temperatures are not a stress response involving a disruption of ethylene metabolism but may be associated with differential changes in the metabolism of enzymes associated with normal ripening.

scholarly journals Fruit quality preservation of 'Laetitia' plums under controlled atmosphere storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO ANDRÉ STEFFENS ◽  
CASSANDRO V.T. DO AMARANTE ◽  
ERLANI O. ALVES ◽  
AURI BRACKMANN
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Red Color ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) on quality preservation of ‘Laetitia’ plums, mainly on internal breakdown, in order to determine the best CA storage conditions. Two experiments were carried out one in 2010, and another in 2011. In 2010, besides cold storage (CS; 21.0 kPa O2 + 0.03 kPa CO2), the fruits were stored under the following CA conditions (kPa O2+kPa CO2): 1+3, 1+5, 2+5, 2+10, and 11+10. In 2011, the fruits were stored under CS and CA of 1+0, 1+1, 2+1, and 2+2. The fruit stored under different CA conditions had lower respiration and ethylene production, better preservation of flesh firmness, texture and titratable acidity, lower skin red color, and lower incidence of skin cracking than the fruit in CS. In 2010, the fruit under CA with 2+5, 1+5, and 1+3 had a pronounced delay in ripening, although it exhibited a high incidence of internal breakdown. In 2011, the CA conditions with 2+1 and 2+2 provided the best delay in ripening and a reduced incidence of internal breakdown. The best CA condition for cold storage (at 0.5°C) of ‘Laetitia’ plums is 2 kPa O2 + 2 kPa CO2.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll fluorescence as a predictive method for detection of browning disorders in 'Conference' pears and 'Jonagold' apples during controlled atmosphere storage

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Arriel Saquet ◽  
Josef Streif
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

The chlorophyll fluorescence technique was evaluated as a possible predictive and nondestructive method to detect low-O2 and/or high-CO2 injuries in 'Conference' pears and 'Jonagold' apples stored in controlled atmosphere (CA). The fruits were kept at 0°C in air, 1% CO2 + 2% O2 or 3% CO2 + 1% O2 during five months. Fluorescence parameters of minimal fluorescence (Fo), maximal fluorescence (Fm), and potential quantum yield - (Fm-Fo):Fm, also denoted as Fv:Fm- as well as the incidence of browning disorders were evaluated at several times during storage. No incidence of browning disorders was observed in 'Jonagold' apples, however, they showed a decrease in Fv:Fm during storage time with no differences between the CA-conditions. Air-stored apples showed a higher decrease in Fv:Fm. On the other hand, 'Conference' pears kept in 3% CO2 + 1% O2 developed a lot of browning injuries such as core flush, flesh browning and cavities. Under this CA-condition, a pronounced decrease in the quotient Fv:Fm was observed already in the first 15 days of storage prior to the development of browning, and this behaviour remained during the whole storage period. The air-stored pears showed a similar behaviour as of the air-stored apples with a pronounced decrease in the Fv:Fm at the end of the storage period. The present results indicate that chlorophyll fluorescence is a promising technique to detect browning injuries in 'Conference' pears prior to their development.

The use of postharvest treatments to extend storage life and to control postharvest wastage of honeydew melons (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus Naud.) in cool storage

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Edwards ◽  
RM Blennerhassett
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Storage Rots ◽  
Wax Coating ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Three trials were undertaken to study storage conditions and handling procedures required to maximise the postharvest storage life of honeydew melons (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus Naud.).Honeydew melons treated with chlorine (1000 mg/L), benomyl (250 mg/L) + guazatine (500 mg/L), shrink wrap (17 ym Cryovac XDR film), Semperfresh, wax, or combinations of these treatments were stored at 4 or 8�C, for 4 or 6 weeks. Benomyl plus guazatine reduced the development of storage rots associated with Alternaria and Fusarium spp. The use of shrink wrap and wax reduced water loss by melons but increased fungal infection in some cases. Shrink wrapping combined with the fungicide treatment effectively reduced the incidence of fungal breakdown in the storage period for up to 4 weeks. Wax coating with full strength Citruseal wax caused anaerobic tissue breakdown. Melons were affected by chilling injury at 4�C. Control of bacterial rots with benomyl + guazatine or with chlorine was variable. Semperfresh did not reduce the incidence of fungal breakdown or water loss from the melons. The results indicate that storage of honeydew melons for 4 weeks at 8�C by pretreating with fungicide is possible but the melons soften and rot after 6 weeks, making them unsaleable. Four weeks should be adequate to allow for sea freighting of honeydew melons to markets in South East Asia. Further research is required to determine the optimum storage temperature for honeydew melons.

scholarly journals Aroma of mature-green and tree-ripe mangoes after refrigerated air or controlled atmosphere storage

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renar João Bender ◽  
Jeffrey Karl Brecht ◽  
Elizabeth Amory Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Terpene Synthesis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Aroma Components ◽  
Green Stage

ABSTRACT: Mango flavor is dependent on cultivar characteristics and postharvest handling procedures. Mangoes harvested with the ripening metabolism initiated develop better flavor than mangoes harvested at the mature-green stage. Different cultivars were harvested at both ripeness stages and evaluated to determine the effect of fruit ripeness, storage temperature and atmosphere on the volatiles present in aroma profiles. Mangoes of the cultivars Haden, Keitt and Tommy Atkins at distinct ripeness stages were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) with 2, 5 or 21 kPa O2 plus 0, 10 or 25 kPa CO2 at 5, 8, 12 or 15 °C. Terpene concentrations of mangoes stored in air were higher than the concentrations in mangoes stored in CA. The sesquiterpene α-copaene did not present recognizable peaks in almost all elusion sequences. The same result was observed with the monoterpene β-pinene in cv. Haden and cv. Keitt mangoes while in ‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit β-pinene concentrations were below 1.06 µL.L-1. Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were significantly higher in mangoes from 2 kPa O2 storage than those from air storage or the other CA treatments. Terpene synthesis in air or CA storage in all cultivars varied significantly, preventing generalizations as to what storage conditions favor or limit aroma components elution.

Study on Surface Dot Piting of Lingwu Long Jujubes

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Lan Chen ◽  
Wei Dong Su ◽  
Xiao Bo Zhang ◽  
Xi Hong Li ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Disease ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Lesion Site ◽  
Epidermal Tissue ◽  
Crack Band ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
And Storage

The experiment was carried to study a new storage disease of Lingwu long jujubes —surface dot piting and its incidence regularity .There was no abnormal fruit at room temperature ,while fruits storage at lower temperature started to appear concave spots on the seventh to tenth day. The size and distribution of spots are irregular ,and flesh browning and ligneous occurred at the lesion site. SEM results showed that relatived to the peel of the healthy fruit, the microstructure of the epidermal tissue of the lesion site was uneven and rough ,which showed large areas of uniform crack band, and the flesh tissue is messy, with varying degrees of wrinkles, looser organization, or seriously damaged. There was significant negative correlation between this new storage disease and storage temperature, whereas no correlation with gas composition, humidity or other storage conditions.

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