scholarly journals Effect of Container Design on Plant Growth and Root Deformation of Littleleaf Linden and Field Elm

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1824-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Amoroso ◽  
Piero Frangi ◽  
Riccardo Piatti ◽  
Francesco Ferrini ◽  
Alessio Fini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Root Deformation

This experiment investigated the effect of different container design on growth and root deformation of littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) and field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.). The trial was carried out over two growing seasons (2008 to 2009). In April 2008, 1-year-old bare-root seedlings of the two species were potted in three types of 1-L containers: Superoots® Air-Cell™ (The Caledonian Tree Company, Pathhead, UK), Quadro fondo rete (Bamaplast, Massa e Cozzile, Italy), and smooth-sided containers. At the beginning of the second growing season, the same plants were repotted in the following 3-L containers: Superoots® Air-Pot™ (The Caledonian Tree Company), Quadro antispiralizzante (Bamaplast), and smooth-sided containers. At the end of each growing season, a subset of the plants from each container type was harvested to determine shoot and root dry mass and root deformation (by dry weight of root deformed mass relative to the whole root mass). Chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf chlorophyll content were measured during the second growing season. For both species, at the end of first growing season, the poorest root architecture was observed in the smooth-sided containers, whereas Superoots® Air-Cell™ and Quadro fondo rete both reduced the percentage of deformed root mass. At the end of the second growing season, plants of both species grown in Superoots® Air-Pot™ showed less deformed root mass, whereas Quadro antispiralizzante provided good results only in littleleaf linden. A reduction of field elm root biomass and littleleaf linden shoot biomass was observed at the end of the trial in plants grown in Superoots® Air-Pot®. Plants grown in these containers showed less leaf chlorophyll content compared with plants grown in smooth-sided containers at the end of the second year.

scholarly journals Response to Copper Toxicity for Three Ornamental Crops in Solution Culture

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
Linping Wang ◽  
Mike A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Ornamental Crops

Electrolytically generated copper is increasingly used to control diseases and algae in the greenhouse industry. However, there is a shortage of information regarding appropriate management strategies for copper in ornamental crop production. The objectives of this study were to characterize the response of three ornamental crops (Dendranthema ×grandiflorum L. `Fina', Rosa ×hybrida L. `Lavlinger', Pelargonium ×hortorum L. `Evening Glow') to different solution levels of Cu2+ (ranging from 0.4 to 40 μm) and to determine the critical levels above which toxic responses became apparent. The following measurements were used to assess the treatments: leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), leaf chlorophyll content, and visible injury of leaf and root. Excessive copper reduced plant root length, root dry weight, total dry weight, root to shoot ratio, leaf area, and specific leaf area in all three species. The critical solution level of Cu2+ that resulted in significantly reduced plant dry weight for chrysanthemum was 5 μm; for miniature rose, 2.4; and for geranium, 8 μm. Plant visible root injury was a more sensitive and reliable copper toxicity indicator than visible leaf injury, leaf chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, or leaf and stem copper content. Generally, all the species exhibited some sensitivity to Cu2+ in solution culture, with chrysanthemum and miniature rose being most sensitive and geranium being least sensitive. Caution should be taken when applying copper in solution culture production systems.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF POMEGRANATE " CV. WONDERFUL" TRANSPLANTS TO MINERAL NUTRITION AND GIBBERRELIC ACID

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdan & Jomaa
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

This study was aimed to investigate response of pomegranate " Cv. Wonderful" transplants to mineral nutrition and gibberellic acid, it was conducted at the Coll. of Agriculture Engineering Sciences-University of Baghdad, a factorial experiment was according to R.C.B.D. with three replicates for two consecutive growth seasons 2018-2019 to addition six treatments of nue tharyan fertilizer (N.P.K. 20:20:20 and some micronutrients) with three concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 gm.L-1) for  each of the soil fertilization and foliar application,  and spraying of  gibberellic acid (GA3) with three concentrations (0, 50, 100 mg.L-1), and their interaction. Addition of chemical fertilizer to the soil with highest concentration (5 gm.L-1) was the most effective, where led to a significant increases in average of plant height (66.56, 47.05 cm), leaf chlorophyll content (318.3, 323.9 mg.100 g-1 fresh weight) and leaf dry weight (43.51, 50.20 %) for both seasons, respectively. The average of plant height, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf dry weight were increased when sprayed of GA3 at 100 mg.L-1 which reached (71.18, 52.99 cm), (317.5, 322.8 mg.100g-1 fresh weight) and (43.13, 48.15 %) to this traits for both seasons, respectively. the interaction between two factors showed a different effects between highest  and lowest on all the traits for both seasons.

scholarly journals Germination and Seedling Leaf Chlorophyll Content of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown under Industrial Wastewater Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
SK Pramanik ◽  
S Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The tobacco industry is one of the biggest industries in the world generates and disposes large quantities of wastewater in the environment which may be toxic to the plant, animal, public health as well as environment. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during November, 2019 at Crop Physiology and Ecology Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to observe the effects of tobacco industry wastewater on germination, early seedling growth and seedling leaf chlorophyll content of wheat (TriticumaestivumL.). Three wheat genotypes (BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 29 and BAW 1177) and two growing conditions (normal tap water and tobacco industry wastewater) were assigned in a completely randomized design with three replications in germination test. Results showed that germination characteristics, seedling growth and chlorophyll content in leaf of seedling significantly influenced by wheat genotype, growing condition and their interaction. Irrigation with tobacco industry wastewater lowered the germination percentage, rate of germination, co-efficient of germination and vigor index. However, seedlings irrigated with tobacco industry wastewater produced longer shoot and root as compared to seedlings irrigated with tap water. Similarly, tobacco industry wastewater increased the shoot and root dry weight but reduced the chlorophyll content in leaf of seedling. Among the three wheat genotypes, BAW 1177 performed better under both tap water and wastewater conditions regarding germination, early growth and chlorophyll content in leaf of seedling. The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 10-17

Effect of Branched Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) Infection on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Tomato

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mauromicale ◽  
Antonino Lo Monaco ◽  
Angela M. G. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

The influence of the holoparasite branched broomrape on the vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato was studied over two growing seasons on plants grown in a commercial greenhouse. The presence of the parasite strongly reduced the aerial biomass by acting as a competing sink for assimilate, but more importantly, by compromising the efficiency of carbon assimilation via a reduction in leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F0, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm were all altered in parasitized plants, indicating that branched broomrape–infected plants are more susceptible to photoinhibition. The degree of damage to the host was not dependent on either the number or the biomass of parasitic plants per host plant. We suggest that the ability to maintain a high photosynthetic rate, leaf chlorophyll content, or both and the ability to minimize photoinhibition can be developed as indirect assays for improved tolerance to branched broomrape.

scholarly journals Clean Chip Residual: A Substrate Component for Growing Annuals

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Thomas V. Gallagher ◽  
H. Allen Torbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Alternative Substrate ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Bedding Plant

A study was conducted at Auburn University in Auburn, AL, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Southern Horticultural Laboratory in Poplarville, MS, to evaluate clean chip residual (CCR) as an alternative substrate component for annual bedding plant production. Clean chip residual used in this study was processed through a horizontal grinder with 4-inch screens at the site and was then processed again through a swinging hammer mill to pass a 3/4- or 1/2-inch screen. Two CCR particle sizes were used alone or blended with 10% (9:1) or 20% (4:1) peatmoss (PM) (by volume) and were compared with control treatments, pine bark (PB), and PB blends (10% and 20% PM). Three annual species, ‘Blue Hawaii’ ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum), ‘Vista Purple’ salvia (Salvia ×superba), and ‘Coral’ or ‘White’ impatiens (Impatiens walleriana), were transplanted from 36-cell (12.0-inch3) flats into 1-gal containers, placed on elevated benches in a greenhouse, and hand watered as needed. Ageratum plants grown at Auburn had leaf chlorophyll content similar or greater than that of plants grown in PB. There were no differences in salvia; however, impatiens plants grown in PB substrates at Auburn had less leaf chlorophyll content than those grown in CCR. There were no differences in ageratum, salvia, or impatiens leaf chlorophyll content at Poplarville. There were no differences in growth indices (GI) or shoot dry weight (SDW) of ageratum, while the largest salvia was in PB:PM and the largest impatiens were in PB-based substrates at Auburn. The GI of ageratum at Poplarville was similar among treatments, but plants grown in 4:1 1/2-inch CCR:PM were the largest. Salvia was largest in 4:1 CCR:PM and PB:PM, and although there were no differences in GI for impatiens at Poplarville, the greatest SDW occurred with PB:PM. Foliar nutrient content analysis indicated elevated levels of manganese and zinc in treatments containing CCR at Auburn and PB at Poplarville. At the study termination, two of three annual species tested at both locations had very similar growth when compared with standard PB substrates. This study demonstrates that CCR is a viable alternative substrate in greenhouse production of ageratum, salvia, and impatiens in large containers.

scholarly journals The Effect of LED Lighting on The Growth of Seedlings of Hybrid Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012127
Author(s):  
Maad N. M. Al-Rukabi ◽  
Vladimir I. Leunov ◽  
Ivan G. Tarakanov ◽  
Tatiana A. Tereshonkova
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of LED lighting on the growth of seedlings of hybrid tomato plants. Four hybrids (Captain F1, Refiner F1, Coral Reef F1 and Fire F1), seven treatments of irradiators (monochromatic red, green, blue, white) and three dual light treatments (green+blue, blue+red, green+red) were carried out in the laboratory of artificial climate. Radiation with monochromatic had a role in increasing hypocotyl length, the height of plant, transpiration and stomata connection. The results have shown a significant effect on radiation with monochromatic red on hypocotyl length (73.00mm) and the height of plant (30.94cm). Plants radiation with monochromatic blue gave the highest transpiration (4.69 mmol/m2.s) and stomatal conductance (0.30 mol./m2.s). The dual radiation had a role in increasing dry weight for the plant and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD). Radiation with (green+red) provided the best stem dry weight (0.91g). Plants irradiated with (green+blue) exhibited the highest leaf dry weight and root dry weight (1.96g and 3.12g respectively). Plants radiation with (blue + red) showed the highest leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) (559.19). In the monochromatic light, the effect of hybrid Fire F1 showed the highest hypocotyl length (64.11mm) and height of plant (29.00 cm), and hybrid Refind F1 had the highest transpiration (3.58 mmol/m2.s) and stomatal conductance (0.23 mol./m2.s). In the binary spectral effect, the hybrid Coral reef F1 resulted the highest stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and root dry weight (0.68 g,1.76 g and 2.39g respectively), and hybrid Refind F1 had the highest leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) (468.27).

scholarly journals Whole-plant Response of Six Poinsettia Cultivars to Three Fertilizer and Two Irrigation Regimes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 857C-857
Author(s):  
U.K. Schuch ◽  
R.A. Redak
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Fertilization Level ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Six cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. `Angelika White', `Celebrate 2', `Freedom Red', `Lilo Red', `Red Sails', and `Subjibi Red') were grown for 9 weeks under three fertilizer treatments (80, 160, or 240 mg N/liter constant feed) and were either well-watered or water deficient between irrigations. Plant height decreased with decreasing fertilizer and with low vs. high irrigation treatments. Dry weight of all shoot components were reduced by deficit irrigation. For well-watered plants, leaf area and leaf dry weight increased from low to medium and decreased from medium to high fertilizer treatment. For plants under deficit irrigation, these variables were similar for low and medium fertilizer and increased at the 240 mg N/liter. Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased with increasing fertilization level and deficit irrigation. Leaf chlorophyll content at week 5 was 40% and 49% higher for plants fertigated with 160 or 240 mg N/liter compared to 80 mg N/liter, while 2 weeks later these differences decreased to 20% and 26%. Irrigation had little influence on leaf chlorophyll content.

scholarly journals Mapping within-field leaf chlorophyll content in agricultural crops for nitrogen management using Landsat-8 imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Croft ◽  
Joyce Arabian ◽  
Jing M. Chen ◽  
Jiali Shang ◽  
Jiangui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

AbstractSpatial information on crop nutrient status is central for monitoring vegetation health, plant productivity and managing nutrient optimization programs in agricultural systems. This study maps the spatial variability of leaf chlorophyll content within fields with differing quantities of nitrogen fertilizer application, using multispectral Landsat-8 OLI data (30 m). Leaf chlorophyll content and leaf area index measurements were collected at 15 wheat (Triticum aestivum) sites and 13 corn (Zea mays) sites approximately every 10 days during the growing season between May and September 2013 near Stratford, Ontario. Of the 28 sites, 9 sites were within controlled areas of zero nitrogen fertilizer application. Hyperspectral leaf reflectance measurements were also sampled using an Analytical Spectral Devices FieldSpecPro spectroradiometer (400–2500 nm). A two-step inversion process was developed to estimate leaf chlorophyll content from Landsat-8 satellite data at the sub-field scale, using linked canopy and leaf radiative transfer models. Firstly, at the leaf-level, leaf chlorophyll content was modelled using the PROSPECT model, using both hyperspectral and simulated mulitspectral Landsat-8 bands from the same leaf sample. Hyperspectral and multispectral validation results were both strong (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 13.62 μg/cm2 and R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 9.45 μg/cm2, respectively). Secondly, leaf chlorophyll content was estimated from Landsat-8 satellite imagery for 7 dates within the growing season, using PROSPECT linked to the 4-Scale canopy model. The Landsat-8 derived estimates of leaf chlorophyll content demonstrated a strong relationship with measured leaf chlorophyll values (R2 = 0.64, RMSE = 16.18 μg/cm2), and compared favourably to correlations between leaf chlorophyll and the best performing tested spectral vegetation index (Green Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, GNDVI; R2 = 0.59). This research provides an operational basis for modelling within-field variations in leaf chlorophyll content as an indicator of plant nitrogen stress, using a physically-based modelling approach, and opens up the possibility of exploiting a wealth of multispectral satellite data and UAV-mounted multispectral imaging systems.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

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