scholarly journals Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desire Djidonou ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Eric H. Simonne ◽  
Karen E. Koch ◽  
John E. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

In addition to managing soilborne diseases, grafting with vigorous rootstocks has been shown to improve yield in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. However, the influence of different levels of nitrogen (N) and irrigation supplies on grafted tomato plants has not been fully examined in comparison with non-grafted plants, especially under field conditions. The objective of this two-year study was to determine the effects of different irrigation regimes and N rates on yield, irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE), and N use efficiency (NUE) of grafted tomato plants grown with drip irrigation in sandy soils of north Florida. The determinate tomato cultivar Florida 47 was grafted onto two interspecific hybrid rootstocks, ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’ (S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites S. Knapp & D.M. Spooner). Non-grafted ‘Florida 47’ was used as a control. Plants were grown in a fumigated field under 12 combinations of two drip irrigation regimes (50% and 100% of commonly used irrigation regime) and six N rates (56, 112, 168, 224, 280, and 336 kg·ha−1). The field experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The whole plots consisted of the irrigation regime and N rate combination treatments, whereas the subplots represented the two grafting treatments and the non-grafted plants. Self-grafted ‘Florida 47’ was also included in the 100% irrigation and 224 kg N/ha fertilization treatment as a control. In 2010, the 50% irrigation regime resulted in higher total and marketable yields than the 100% irrigation regime. Tomato yield was significantly influenced by N rates, but similar yields were achieved at 168 kg·ha−1 and above. Plants grafted onto ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’ showed an average increase of 27% and 30% in total and marketable fruit yields, respectively, relative to non-grafted plants. In 2011, fruit yields were affected by a significant irrigation by N rate interaction. Grafting significantly increased tomato yields, whereas grafted plants showed greater potential for yield improvement with increasing N rates compared with non-grafted plants. Self-grafting did not affect tomato yields. More fruit per plant and higher average fruit weight as a result of grafting were observed in both years. Grafting with the two rootstocks significantly improved the irrigation water and N use efficiency in tomato production. Results from this study suggested the need for developing irrigation and N fertilization recommendations for grafted tomato production in sandy soils.

INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIMEI ZHAO ◽  
LIANGHUAN WU ◽  
YONGSHAN LI ◽  
XINGHUA LU ◽  
DEFENG ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization impact on agronomic traits of maize hybrids released at different decades

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Altamir Frederico Guidolin ◽  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Valmor Antônio Konflanz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Genetic selection of maize hybrids is often conducted using high N rates during the breeding cycle. This procedure may either lead to the release of genotypes that present nitrogen luxury consumption or require a stronger N input to accomplish their yield potential. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of N rates on grain yield and N use efficiency of hybrids cultivated in different decades in Southern Brazil. The trial was performed in Lages, Santa Catarina State. A split plot design was used. Hybrids Ag 12, Ag 28, Ag 303 and Ag 9012, released during the 60's, 70's, 80's and 90's, respectively, were evaluated in the main plots. Nitrogen rates equivalent to 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 were side-dressed in the split-plots when each hybrid had six fully expanded leaves. Modern-day hybrid Ag 9012 had higher grain yield than hybrids of earlier eras, regardless of N rates. Under high doses of N, the older hybrids Ag 12 and Ag 28 took up more N and presented higher values of shoot dry matter at flowering than Ag 9012. Nonetheless, they set less grains per ear which contributed to decrease their grain yield and N use efficiency.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
L. M. Hall ◽  
S. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Johnson, E. N., Malhi, S. S., Hall, L. M. and Phelps, S. 2013. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata . Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1073–1081. Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a relatively new crop in western Canada and research information on its response to N fertilizer is lacking. Two field experiments (exp. 1 at 3 site-years and exp. 2 at 4 site-years) were conducted from 2008 to 2010 in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, to determine effect of N fertilizer application on Brassica carinata plant density, seed and straw yield, N uptake in seed and straw, N use efficiency (NUE), N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) and seed quality. N rates applied were 0 to 160 kg N ha−1 and 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively. Plant density was not affected by increasing N rate at 5 site-years but declined with high rates of N application at 2 site-years. Seed yield responded to applied N in 6 of 7 site-years, with the non-responsive site having a high total N uptake at the 0 kg N ha−1 rate (high Nt value). There were no sites where seed yields were maximized with the N rates applied. Response trends of straw yield and N uptake were similar to that of seed yield at the corresponding site-years. NUE and NFUE generally declined as N rate increased. Protein concentration in seed generally increased and oil concentration in seed decreased with increasing N rates. In conclusion, the responses of seed yield, total N uptake, NUE, and NFUE to applied N was similar to those reported in other Brassica species with the exception that a rate was not identified in which Brassica carinata yields were maximized.

Effect of nitrogen rate and fertilizer nitrogen source on physiology, yield, grain quality, and nitrogen use efficiency in corn

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip K. Biswas ◽  
Bao-Luo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
N Source ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

A two-year (2010–2011) field experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of nitrogen (N) rate (0, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1) and N source (urea, calcium ammonium nitrate; ammonium sulphate) on canopy reflectance, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, yield, grain quality, and N-use efficiency in corn. However, the physiological observations were made only in 2011. We found that stover biomass was unaffected by higher N rate beyond 150 kg N ha−1 in both years. Higher N rates did not provide a yield advantage as compared to 150 kg N ha−1 in 2010, but the highest grain yield was produced with 200 kg N ha−1 in 2011. The higher grain yield by N application was attributed to a greater kernel size in both years. Corn stover [N] was found to increase with increasing N rates in both years. Kernel [N] only responded to the high N rate in 2010. There was no change in the kernel density as affected by N rate in both years. An increased N addition resulted in a decrease in both N-uptake efficiency and agronomic-N use efficiency in both years. There was an inconsistent effect of N source on yield and N use efficiency indices in the corn over two years.

scholarly journals Liming Optimizes Nitrogen Fertilization in a Maize-Upland Rice Rotation under No-Till Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Letusa Momesso ◽  
Murilo de Campos ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
José Roberto Portugal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Till ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Liming and N fertilization are common practices for optimizing crop yields in tropical agriculture, but the adequate N rate to ensure crop development, enhance yields and N use efficiency, and improve soil chemical properties has not been established for grass rotation. We assessed the optimal N fertilizer rate for combination with liming in an agricultural system composed of two grasses (maize and rice) in rotation under no-till (NT) conditions. Four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N·ha−1) were tested under two liming conditions. Maize (11 Mg·ha−1) and rice (5 Mg·ha−1) yields were highest with lime and 150 kg N·ha−1 applications. At 18 months after liming, lime application increased soil pH. In addition, combining liming with N fertilization further increased SOM content at all N rates. Lime increased available P, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, and BS at N rates of 0, 50, and 100 kg N·ha−1. Overall, combining liming and N fertilization is beneficial for grass crops under NT conditions, as evidenced by enhanced maize and rice N use efficiency and yields. N fertilization rates of 100 and 150 kg N·ha−1 under lime amendment provided the best improvements in crop yields in this cropping system.

scholarly journals In Quest of Nitrogen Use-Efficient Rice Genotypes for Drought-Prone Rainfed Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Karmakar ◽  
Stephan M. Haefele ◽  
Amelia Henry ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir ◽  
Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
N Rates ◽  
New Germplasm ◽  
N Use ◽  
Poor Management ◽  
Research Institute

Nitrogen (N) use efficiency in rainfed agriculture is generally low because of poor management and unavailability of suitable rice genotypes. There is a need to select rice genotypes with high N use efficiency for these specific environments, which was investigated at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Regional Station, Rajshahi, in two successive years. The performance of six rice genotypes, IR7437170-1-1, BR7873-5*(NIL)-51-HR6, IR83377-B-B-93-3, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) 123, IR83381-B-B-6-1, and Binadhan-7, were tested under four N rates (0, 55, 83, and 110 kg N ha−1) in a strip-plot design. Grain yields generally increased up to 83 kg N ha−1 and declined thereafter. Depending on N rates, mean grain yields increased by 35–45% compared to the control (N0). However, the grain yields of IR83377-B-B-93-3, IRRI 123, and Binadhan-7 increased up to 110 kg N ha−1. N uptake and its use efficiencies were the highest in IR83377-B-B-93-3, which was at par with those in IRRI 123. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) dhan56 and Binadhan-7 showed intermediate performance, while BRRI dhan57 and IR83381-B-B-6-1 showed lower N uptake and N efficiencies. Between 16.5 and 19.2 kg N uptake was required to produce 1 ton of paddy. The genotypes IR83381-B-B-93-3 and IRRI 123 were the most N use efficient irrespective of N rates, but BRRI dhan57 and IR87781-B-B-6-1 were observed to be inefficient genotypes, while BRRI dhan56 and Binadhan-7 were intermediate. Thus, this study indicates the need to test existing and new germplasm for optimal N rates and their NUE, especially in rainfed environments where optimized resource use is essential for higher yields and increased farmers' income.

Effect of varied N rates and N timings on yield, N uptake and fertilizer N use efficiency of a six-row and a two-row winter barley

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.X. Maidl ◽  
A. Panse ◽  
J. Dennert ◽  
R. Ruser ◽  
G. Fischbeck
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

scholarly journals Effects of water salinity and N application rate on water- and N-use efficiency of cotton under drip irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Min ◽  
ZhenAn Hou ◽  
LiJuan Ma ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
SiBo Ru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Impacts of high intensity crop rotation and N management on oilseed rape productivity in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Hegewald ◽  
Barbara Koblenz ◽  
Monika Wensch-Dorendorf ◽  
Olaf Christen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

A rotational field experiment was established in the year 2002 at the experimental farm Etzdorf in the Hercynian dry region of central Germany. Since 2005 field measured datasets were used to determine the effect of different preceding crop combinations and different nitrogen (N) fertilisation treatments on the seed yield, oil content, oil yield and N-use efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The preceding crop combinations compared were winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter wheat (WW), WW-oilseed rape (OSR), OSR-OSR and an OSR monoculture. In addition to the preceding crop combination, N fertiliser treatments with either 120 kg N ha–1 or 180 kg N ha–1 were established in the year 2013. Overall the results demonstrated that seed yield, oil yield and N-use efficiency all declined with an increased cropping intensity for the period 2005–2012. Higher N rates in the 2013–2014 seasons increased seed yield and oil yield when OSR followed WW-WW pre-crops. OSR monoculture had lowest yield independent of applied N. Seed yield declined from 4.61 t ha–1 (OSR following WW-WW) to 4.28 t ha–1 in the OSR monoculture with 120 kg N ha–1, and from 4.81 t ha–1 (following WW-WW) to 4.42 t ha–1 in the OSR monoculture with 180 kg N ha–1. Higher N rates generally reduced N-use efficiency, with highest N-efficiency for WW-WW-OSR (38.4 kg kg–1), and lowest for continuous OSR receiving 180 kg N ha–1 (24.5 kg kg–1). These results emphasise the importance of crop rotation to maintain seed yield and oil yield of oilseed rape, and to maximise the response to applied N. A reduced N rate increased N-use efficiency and reduced the risk of high N surpluses without a significant/equivalent decrease of the seed yield when the rotation was optimised.

GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN UTILIZATION IN RESPONSE TO REDUCING NITROGEN RATE IN HYBRID RICE TRANSPLANTED AS SINGLE SEEDLINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (04) ◽  
pp. 637-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN HUANG ◽  
SHUANGLÜ SHAN ◽  
XIAOBING XIE ◽  
XUEFENG ZHOU ◽  
YINGBIN ZOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYTransplanting single seedlings rather than seedlings in clumps has been increasingly attractive in hybrid rice production in China due to reduced seed requirements and higher grain yield. This study was conducted to determine grain yield and nitrogen (N) utilization in response to reductions in the N rate in hybrid rice under single-seedling transplanting. Field experiments were done in 2015 and 2016 on a moderate to high fertility soil at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University, China. The hybrid rice cultivar Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ) was used in 2015, and two hybrid cultivars LYPJ and Xiangliangyou 900 were used the next year. In each year, the rice plants transplanted with a single seedling per hill were grown with three N rates, including the usual N rate (150 kg ha–1) and two reduced N rates (120 and 90 kg ha–1). Grain yield, yield attributes, and N uptake and use efficiency were determined for each N rate. Significant reduction in grain yield was observed in only one of three cultivar-year combinations when N rate was reduced by 20% (from 150 to 120 kg ha–1), and the magnitude of yield reduction was only 4%. Although significant reduction in grain yield was observed in two of the three cultivar-year combinations when N rate reduced by 40% (to 90 kg ha–1), the highest yield reduction was only 7%. Yield attributes were generally changed slightly when N rate was reduced by 20%, while compensation among yield attributes and N utilization characteristics could explain why a 40% reduction in N rate did not result in substantial yield loss. Partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) was increased by 21–24% and 56–63% with 20% and 40% reductions in the N rate, respectively. The higher PFPN with a reduced N rate was attributed to higher recovery efficiency of applied N (REN) or to both higher REN and internal N use efficiency. Our study suggests that reducing N rate does not necessarily result in yield loss due to compensation among yield components and increased N use efficiency in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings under moderate to high soil fertility conditions.

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