GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN UTILIZATION IN RESPONSE TO REDUCING NITROGEN RATE IN HYBRID RICE TRANSPLANTED AS SINGLE SEEDLINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (04) ◽  
pp. 637-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN HUANG ◽  
SHUANGLÜ SHAN ◽  
XIAOBING XIE ◽  
XUEFENG ZHOU ◽  
YINGBIN ZOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYTransplanting single seedlings rather than seedlings in clumps has been increasingly attractive in hybrid rice production in China due to reduced seed requirements and higher grain yield. This study was conducted to determine grain yield and nitrogen (N) utilization in response to reductions in the N rate in hybrid rice under single-seedling transplanting. Field experiments were done in 2015 and 2016 on a moderate to high fertility soil at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University, China. The hybrid rice cultivar Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ) was used in 2015, and two hybrid cultivars LYPJ and Xiangliangyou 900 were used the next year. In each year, the rice plants transplanted with a single seedling per hill were grown with three N rates, including the usual N rate (150 kg ha–1) and two reduced N rates (120 and 90 kg ha–1). Grain yield, yield attributes, and N uptake and use efficiency were determined for each N rate. Significant reduction in grain yield was observed in only one of three cultivar-year combinations when N rate was reduced by 20% (from 150 to 120 kg ha–1), and the magnitude of yield reduction was only 4%. Although significant reduction in grain yield was observed in two of the three cultivar-year combinations when N rate reduced by 40% (to 90 kg ha–1), the highest yield reduction was only 7%. Yield attributes were generally changed slightly when N rate was reduced by 20%, while compensation among yield attributes and N utilization characteristics could explain why a 40% reduction in N rate did not result in substantial yield loss. Partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) was increased by 21–24% and 56–63% with 20% and 40% reductions in the N rate, respectively. The higher PFPN with a reduced N rate was attributed to higher recovery efficiency of applied N (REN) or to both higher REN and internal N use efficiency. Our study suggests that reducing N rate does not necessarily result in yield loss due to compensation among yield components and increased N use efficiency in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings under moderate to high soil fertility conditions.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization impact on agronomic traits of maize hybrids released at different decades

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Altamir Frederico Guidolin ◽  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Valmor Antônio Konflanz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Genetic selection of maize hybrids is often conducted using high N rates during the breeding cycle. This procedure may either lead to the release of genotypes that present nitrogen luxury consumption or require a stronger N input to accomplish their yield potential. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of N rates on grain yield and N use efficiency of hybrids cultivated in different decades in Southern Brazil. The trial was performed in Lages, Santa Catarina State. A split plot design was used. Hybrids Ag 12, Ag 28, Ag 303 and Ag 9012, released during the 60's, 70's, 80's and 90's, respectively, were evaluated in the main plots. Nitrogen rates equivalent to 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 were side-dressed in the split-plots when each hybrid had six fully expanded leaves. Modern-day hybrid Ag 9012 had higher grain yield than hybrids of earlier eras, regardless of N rates. Under high doses of N, the older hybrids Ag 12 and Ag 28 took up more N and presented higher values of shoot dry matter at flowering than Ag 9012. Nonetheless, they set less grains per ear which contributed to decrease their grain yield and N use efficiency.

Effect of nitrogen rate and fertilizer nitrogen source on physiology, yield, grain quality, and nitrogen use efficiency in corn

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip K. Biswas ◽  
Bao-Luo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
N Source ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

A two-year (2010–2011) field experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of nitrogen (N) rate (0, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1) and N source (urea, calcium ammonium nitrate; ammonium sulphate) on canopy reflectance, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, yield, grain quality, and N-use efficiency in corn. However, the physiological observations were made only in 2011. We found that stover biomass was unaffected by higher N rate beyond 150 kg N ha−1 in both years. Higher N rates did not provide a yield advantage as compared to 150 kg N ha−1 in 2010, but the highest grain yield was produced with 200 kg N ha−1 in 2011. The higher grain yield by N application was attributed to a greater kernel size in both years. Corn stover [N] was found to increase with increasing N rates in both years. Kernel [N] only responded to the high N rate in 2010. There was no change in the kernel density as affected by N rate in both years. An increased N addition resulted in a decrease in both N-uptake efficiency and agronomic-N use efficiency in both years. There was an inconsistent effect of N source on yield and N use efficiency indices in the corn over two years.

EFFECTS OF TILLAGE INTENSITY, PLANTING TIME AND NITROGEN RATE ON WHEAT YIELD FOLLOWING RICE

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. ARORA ◽  
A. S. SIDHU ◽  
K. S. SANDHU ◽  
S. S. THIND
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYPuddling coarse-textured soils for rice culture in the irrigated tract of the Indo-Gangetic Plains causes high soil strength in the upper layers. This may adversely affect growth and yield of following upland crops. It is possible that no-tillage (NT) in wheat (without residues of preceding rice crop) could aggravate this problem and reduce fertilizer nitrogen (N) use efficiency. In certain production scenarios, NT has been reported to be advantageous because it allows for earlier planting of wheat by eliminating delays caused by tillage. This study examined the combined effects of two crop establishment options for wheat in relation to fertilizer N and planting time following puddled rice cultivation in an irrigated environment of Punjab, northwest India. Combinations of two establishment systems, NT-direct planting and conventional-tillage (CT) with soil disruption to 0.10 m depth in main plots, with two N rates, 120 and 150 kg ha−1 in subplots, were evaluated. Variation in planting time, 31 October (D1) and 7 and 10 November (D2), was used to evaluate effect of planting-earliness. Under D1 in NT, grain yield of wheat was comparable to that under D2 in CT. However, under no advancement of wheat planting in NT, grain yield was 0.2–0.3 t ha−1 less than that in CT. This yield reduction in NT could be overcome by adding 30 kg ha−1 more fertilizer N suggesting that tillage enhanced N use efficiency. These tillage gains are ascribed to the greater extraction of profile stored and applied water and nutrients because of denser crop rooting caused by reduction in soil strength and less weed competition. Higher N use efficiency in CT suggests that farmers could achieve fertilizer N savings with this system. Comparing the tillage systems showed that NT was more cost-effective than CT even after accounting for the cost of additional fertilizer N (saving of Rs. 1685 ha−1) to overcome associated yield penalties under no advancement in planting time.

scholarly journals Recommended nitrogen rates and the verification of effects based on leaf SPAD readings of rice

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12107
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Hou ◽  
Juan Shen ◽  
Weitao Xu ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Khan ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Spad Readings ◽  
N Use

Modern rice production systems need a reliable, easy-to-use, efficient, and environmentally-friendly method to determine plant nitrogen (N) status , predict grain yield, and optimize N management. We conducted field experiments to determine the influence of different N rates on Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) readings of rice leaves. We also performed field validations to evaluate the grain yield and N use efficiency under recommended N rates. Our results showed that leaf SPAD readings increased as N rates increased. We applied the recommended N based on the relationships between the N rates and leaf SPAD readings at the tillering and booting stages. The recommended N decreased N rates and improved N use efficiency without sacrificing grain yield. When compared to farmer practices (FP), the recommended N rates of optimization (OPT) decreased by 5.8% and 10.0%, respectively. In comparison with FP, the N agronomic efficiency of OPT increased by 5.8 and 10.0% while the partial factor productivity of N increased by 6.0 and 14.2%, respectively. The SPAD meter may be a reliable tool to analyze the N in rice, estimate real-time N fertilization, and improve N use efficiency.

INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIMEI ZHAO ◽  
LIANGHUAN WU ◽  
YONGSHAN LI ◽  
XINGHUA LU ◽  
DEFENG ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

Integrated nutrient, water and other agronomic options to enhance rice grain yield and N use efficiency in double-season rice crop

2013 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianquan Qin ◽  
S.M. Impa ◽  
Qiyuan Tang ◽  
Shenghai Yang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Physiological and biochemical indicators for assessing nitrogen-use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under dry direct seeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Kaur ◽  
Seema Bedi ◽  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
N Use

To achieve high productivity of labour and water in rice cropping, farmers in South Asia have recently shown more interest in dry direct-seeded rice (DSR). An understanding of physiological and biochemical traits associated with high grain yield and efficiency of nitrogen (N) use is important to the development of genotypes for DSR. We investigated this issue with rice genotypes adapted to DSR in response to N rates. A 2-year study was conducted in a factorial randomised complete block design with eight genotypes and two N rates (75 and 150 kg N ha–1). Almost all of the physiological and biochemical traits studied (e.g. plant height, chlorophyll content, panicle weight, soluble sugars, starch) in DSR improved with increasing N from 75 to 150 kg ha–1, resulting in a 6% increase in yield at 150 kg N ha–1 relative to 75 kg N ha–1. Partial factor productivity of N was highest for the genotype IET-23455 (72.4 kg kg–1) and lowest for the genotype AAUDR (37.4 kg kg–1). Our results suggest that genotypes such as IET-23455 can maintain grain yield at low N rates as N-efficient genotypes. The greater biochemical activity (nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, sugar, protein and proline) and higher photosynthetic N-use efficiency at low N rates could be used in selection for N-efficient rice genotypes for DSR.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
L. M. Hall ◽  
S. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Johnson, E. N., Malhi, S. S., Hall, L. M. and Phelps, S. 2013. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata . Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1073–1081. Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a relatively new crop in western Canada and research information on its response to N fertilizer is lacking. Two field experiments (exp. 1 at 3 site-years and exp. 2 at 4 site-years) were conducted from 2008 to 2010 in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, to determine effect of N fertilizer application on Brassica carinata plant density, seed and straw yield, N uptake in seed and straw, N use efficiency (NUE), N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) and seed quality. N rates applied were 0 to 160 kg N ha−1 and 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively. Plant density was not affected by increasing N rate at 5 site-years but declined with high rates of N application at 2 site-years. Seed yield responded to applied N in 6 of 7 site-years, with the non-responsive site having a high total N uptake at the 0 kg N ha−1 rate (high Nt value). There were no sites where seed yields were maximized with the N rates applied. Response trends of straw yield and N uptake were similar to that of seed yield at the corresponding site-years. NUE and NFUE generally declined as N rate increased. Protein concentration in seed generally increased and oil concentration in seed decreased with increasing N rates. In conclusion, the responses of seed yield, total N uptake, NUE, and NFUE to applied N was similar to those reported in other Brassica species with the exception that a rate was not identified in which Brassica carinata yields were maximized.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemupukan N terhadap serapan dan efisiensi penggunaan N, serta hasil padi hibrida

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-273
Author(s):  
Risqa Naila Khusna Syarifah ◽  
Zulfa Ulinuha ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Pemupukan N pada padi hibrida menjadi krusial mengingat varietas padi hibrida sangat responsif, sehingga harus diketahui dosis yang tepat untuk menghasilkan produksi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh dosis N terhadap serapan N, efisiensi penggunaan N, dan hasil padi hibrida. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah varietas padi hibrida yang terdiri dari Varietas Mapan P05, Varietas SL-8 SHS Sterling, dan Varietas Intani 602. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pemupukan N yang terdiri dari kontrol tanpa pemupukan N, dosis N 100 kg ha-1, dan dosis N 200 kg ha-1. Terdapat respon yang beragam antar varietas padi hibrida terhadap taraf pemupukan N, Serapan N, efisiensi penggunaan N tertinggi yang dihasilkan oleh varietas Intani 602 masing-masing sebesar 138,57 %, dan 36,13%. Serapan N tanaman padi tertinggi dicapai pada dosis N 100 kg ha-1, dan efisiensi penggunaan N tertinggi pada dosis N 200 kg ha-1. Hasil gabah tertinggi dicapai pada varietas Mapan P05 sebesar 7,42 t ha-1, dan dosis pemupukan N 100 kg ha-1 memberikan hasil tertinggi sebesar 7,47 t ha-1. Implikasi dari penelitian ini bahwa dosis nitrogen 100 kg ha-1 dapat menjadi acuan sebagai dosis pemupukan N varietas padi hibrida di Indonesia. Hybrid rice is responsive to nitrogen, so it’s necessary to find the optimum dose to optimize the production. The  aim of this research was to examine the effect of nitrogen on N uptake, N use efficiency, and yield of hybrid rice. This study used a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of the  Mapan P05 variety, the SL-8 SHS Sterling variety, and Intani 602 variety. The second factor was Nitrogen dosage consisted of control, 100 kg ha-1, and 200 kg ha-1. There were various responses among hybrid rice varieties to the level of fertilization. The highest N uptake and N use efficiency was achieved in the Intani 602 variety at 138.57% and 36.13%, respectively. The highest N uptake was achieved at 100 kg ha-1 of N, and the highest N use efficiency was at 200 kg ha-1. The highest yield was achieved in the Mapan P05 variety (7.42 t ha-1), and the dose of N at 100 kg ha-1 gave the highest yield (7.47 t ha-1). The implication of this research is that the nitrogen dose of 100 kg ha-1 can be used as a reference for hybrid rice varieties fertilizer in Indonesia.

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