scholarly journals Hairy Vetch and Livestock Compost Improve Soil Carbon and Nitrogen, and Fresh-market Tomato Yield

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Muchanga ◽  
Toshiyuki Hirata ◽  
Hajime Araki
Keyword(s):  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil N Availability ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Compost Treatment

Cover crops and compost application may influence soil quality and productivity of fresh-market tomatoes. The effects of hairy vetch (HV) (Vicia villosa Roth) and livestock compost on soil C and N stocks, N availability, and tomato yield were evaluated for 2 years in a plastic high tunnel. Averaged across years, soil C and N stocks increased in plots incorporating hairy vetch and compost more than in plots with no hairy vetch and compost. When compared with baseline stocks (initial soil C and N stocks before the initiation of the examination), soil C stock increased by 3%, 2.8%, 2.6% in the HV treatment, the compost treatment, and the HV and compost treatment, respectively. In contrast, a 1.85% loss of soil C stock was observed in a no HV and no compost (bare) treatment. Soil N stocks increased in all treatments, with the greatest increase in the compost treatment (26%) and the lowest in the bare treatment (9.3%). Averaged across sampling dates, the HV treatment exhibited the greatest soil N availability and nitrate levels in leaf petiole in both years, whereas the bare treatment exhibited the lowest soil N availability and nitrate levels in leaf petiole. HV + compost and compost treatments showed a similar influence on soil N availability, but HV + compost exhibited greater nitrate levels in leaf petiole than the compost treatment. The marketable and total yields were 10% to 15% greater in the HV and the compost treatments than in the bare treatment. N uptake was 17% to 38% greater in the HV treatment than in the other treatments. Because of unstable cover crop production in the northern region, a combined application of cover crops and compost may be one of the best practices to compensate for low cover crop biomass production by increasing organic matter input to the soil, thereby improving soil quality and tomato yield.

Soil C and N availability determine the priming effect: microbial N mining and stoichiometric decomposition theories

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2356-2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Chen ◽  
Mehmet Senbayram ◽  
Sergey Blagodatsky ◽  
Olga Myachina ◽  
Klaus Dittert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Microbial N

scholarly journals Effect of elevated tropospheric ozone on soil carbon and nitrogen: A meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzhu Hu ◽  
Zhimin Ren ◽  
Xiaoke Wang ◽  
Hongxing Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
The Impact ◽  
C And N Dynamics

Abstract Elevated tropospheric ozone concentration ([O3]) may substantially influence the belowground processes of the terrestrial ecosystem. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the responses of soil C and N dynamics to elevated [O3] remains elusive. In this study, the results of 41 peer-reviewed studies were synthesized using meta-analytic techniques, to quantify the impact of O3 on ten variables associated with soil C and N, i.e., total C (TC, including soil organic C), total N (TN), dissolved organic C (DOC), ammonia N (NH4 +), nitrate N (NO3 -), microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), rates of nitrification (NTF) and denitrification (DNF), as well as C/N ratio. The results depicted that all these variables showed significant changes (P < 0.05) with [O3] increased by 27.6 ± 18.7 nL/L (mean ± SD), including decreases in TC, DOC, TN, NH4 +, MBC, MBN and NTF, and increases in C/N, NO3 - and DNF. The effect sizes of TN, NTF, and DNF were significantly correlated with O3 fumigation level and experimental duration (P < 0.05). Soil pH and climate were essential in analyses of O3 impacts on soil C and N. However, the responses of most variables to elevated [O3] were generally independent of O3 fumigation method, terrestrial ecosystem type, and additional [CO2] exposure. The altered soil C and N dynamics under elevated [O3] may reduce its C sink capacity, and change soil N availability thus impact plant growth and enhance soil N losses.

Understanding the Complex Interaction Between Soil N Availability and Soil C Dynamics Under Changing Climate Conditions 1

2018 ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Srivastava ◽  
Rishikesh Singh ◽  
Sachchidanand Tripathi ◽  
Hema Singh ◽  
Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi
Keyword(s):  
Complex Interaction ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Soil N Availability ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
C Dynamics

Rhizosphere activity, grass species and N availability effects on the soil C and N cycles

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Personeni ◽  
A. Lüscher ◽  
P. Loiseau
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

Non-additive responses of soil C and N to rice straw and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth L.) mixtures in a paddy soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 436 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guopeng Zhou ◽  
Weidong Cao ◽  
Jinshun Bai ◽  
Changxu Xu ◽  
Naohua Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Responses to 28 Years of Nutrient Fertilization in a Subarctic Heath

Ecosystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lettice C. Hicks ◽  
Kathrin Rousk ◽  
Riikka Rinnan ◽  
Johannes Rousk
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

AbstractArctic and subarctic soils are typically characterized by low nitrogen (N) availability, suggesting N-limitation of plants and soil microorganisms. Climate warming will stimulate the decomposition of organic matter, resulting in an increase in soil nutrient availability. However, it remains unclear how soil microorganisms in N-limited soils will respond, as the direct effect of inorganic N addition is often shown to inhibit microbial activity, while elevated N availability may have a positive effect on microorganisms indirectly, due to a stimulation of plant productivity. Here we used soils from a long-term fertilization experiment in the Subarctic (28 years at the time of sampling) to investigate the net effects of chronic N-fertilization (100 kg N ha−1 y−1, added together with 26 kg P and 90 kg K ha−1 y−1, as expected secondary limiting nutrients for plants) on microbial growth, soil C and N mineralization, microbial biomass, and community structure. Despite high levels of long-term fertilization, which significantly increased primary production, we observed relatively minor effects on soil microbial activity. Bacterial growth exhibited the most pronounced response to long-term fertilization, with higher rates of growth in fertilized soils, whereas fungal growth remained unaffected. Rates of basal soil C and N mineralization were only marginally higher in fertilized soils, whereas fertilization had no significant effect on microbial biomass or microbial community structure. Overall, these findings suggest that microbial responses to long-term fertilization in these subarctic tundra soils were driven by an increased flow of labile plant-derived C due to stimulated plant productivity, rather than by direct fertilization effects on the microbial community or changes in soil physiochemistry.

The effects of salmon carcasses on soil nitrogen pools in a riparian forest of southeastern Alaska

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1194-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Gende ◽  
Amy E. Miller ◽  
Eran Hood
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Freshwater Streams ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Salmon Carcasses

Long-term studies in Alaska have demonstrated that bears may capture and carry to the riparian forest a large number of salmon that return to spawn in small freshwater streams. Most of the carcasses are partially consumed, resulting in a large amount of salmon nutrients in the form of biomass deposited on the forest floor. Using an experimental approach, we examined how these carcasses may influence the spatial and temporal dynamics of soil C and N in a riparian forest in southeastern Alaska. At their peak, ammonium (NH4+-N) concentrations in soil 10 cm from carcasses were as much as several orders of magnitude greater than soils in adjacent control plots without carcasses and remained elevated until the onset of winter. Nitrate (NO3–-N) and δ15N concentrations also increased coincident with maximum NH4+-N concentrations. However, soil N concentrations were only moderately elevated 20 cm from carcasses and closely resembled background concentrations at 30 cm. These results suggest that salmon carcasses, via bear foraging activities, can dramatically influence soil N pools, although the impacts appear to be highly localized and largely dependent on the spatial distribution of carcasses in the riparian forest.

Relationships among forest soil C isotopic composition, partitioning, and turnover times

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2157-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T Garten Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
C Partitioning

The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that vertical enrichment of soil δ13C values is related to rates of soil C turnover in undisturbed, mature forest ecosystems. Soil C and N were measured at nine sites along an altitudinal gradient in the southern Appalachian Mountains (Tennessee and North Carolina, USA). Measurements indicated greater labile and total soil C stocks with increasing altitude. Laboratory incubations (3 days) of rewetted, air-dry soils indicated potential soil C mineralization (µg CO2 produced·g–1 soil C) declined with elevation. A principal component analysis indicated N availability increased with altitude. At each site, there was a significant relationship between δ13C and log-transformed C concentrations in the soil profile (30 cm deep). Enrichment factors (ε) from the Rayleigh equation were also equally useful for describing soil δ13C profiles at each site. Soil C partitioning and turnover times along the gradient were correlated with 13C-enrichment factors. Greater rates of change in δ13C through the soil profile were correlated with faster soil C turnover. Environmental factors, soil C partitioning, and the rate of vertical change in soil 13C abundance are interrelated such that δ13C measurements are a potential indicator of C dynamics in undisturbed forest soils.

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