Impact of Different Factors on the process of Leaf Spot Disease in Mulberry

The effect of temperature, relative mugginess, adjusted compost, and plant spacing on the improvement of Cercospora moricola leaf spot disease in mulberry was investigated. At the point when the external temperature and relative dampness were 25-30 oC and more than 80%, disease advancement was at its top in August and September. The impacts of adjusted manure and plant spacing on disease advancement were additionally investigated, and they uncovered a critical effect on disease seriousness. Disease seriousness was decreased by 6-8 percent when a reasonable dose of NPK compost was applied. As opposed to unequal manure application in the dirt, adjusted compost treatment brought about decreased leaf microorganism infection. Close plant spacing (60 cm) was additionally demonstrated to be more helpful for disease advancement than distance spacing (90 cm).

The Effect Of Corn Stalks Compost And Rabbit Urine On The Chemical Properties (N, P, K) Of Ultisols

The Effect of Giving Compost of Corn Stalks and Rabbit Urine on the Soil Chemical Properties (N, P, K) on Ultisols Soil. This study aims to determine the best dose in the use of organic fertilizer compost corn stalks and rabbit urine dose, to increase the chemical fertility of Ultisols. This research is an experiment in polybags arranged in a completely randomized non factorial design with eight treatments and four replications. Corn stalk compost treatment K0 = control k1 = compost 100 g. Kg-1, k2 = compost 200 g. Kg-1, k3 = compost 300 g. Kg -1, and POC rabbit urine u1 = urine 25 mL. L-1 water, u2 = urine 50 mL. L-1 water, u3 = urine 75 mL. L-1 water, u4 = urine 100 mL. L-1 water. Statistical analysis to determine the level of change in nutrient content was carried out using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with a level of 5%, if F count is greater than F table 5% then a further test is carried out using the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The use of corn stalk compost and rabbit urine POC given on ultisol soil had a positive effect and the administration of corn stalk compost with a dose of 300 g and rabbit urine POC with a dose of 300 mL was the highest.The results showed that the application of corn stalk compost and rabbit urine POC could increase nutrients in ultisol soil so that it could be developed further. Key words : ultisols, corn stalk compost, liquid organic fertilizer rabbit urine.

Insight into humic substances with cotton straw derived amendments by solid state 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy

Carbon sequestration of organic materials and biochar in soil is a vital way to increase soil organic carbon (SOC), but the stability of SOC especially the humic substances (HS) is different with these amendments. In this study, cotton straw, compost derived from cotton straw (compost) and biochar derived from cotton straw (biochar) were added with equivalent carbon content into soil and incubated for 180 days. The structural characteristics of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humin (Hu) was studied by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the aryl C of Hu and FA increased by biochar treatment or biochar incorporated straw or compost and decreased with low ratio of biochar incorporated straw or compost. In addition, phenolic C of Hu and HA increased by straw treatment or biochar incorporated straw and increased with low ratio of biochar incorporated straw or compost. However, O-alkyl C of Hu and HA increased by compost treatment or biochar incorporated compost and increased with low ratio of biochar incorporated straw or compost. These results suggest that the stability of FA amended with straw or compost can be enhanced by incorporating biochar through increasing aryl functional groups, but the stability of HA amended with straw or compost can be enhanced by incorporating biochar through increasing alkyl groups. Biochar was in favor of aryl C formation of FA and Hu, while straw or compost was beneficial to alkyl C formation of HA and Hu.

Biodegradation of Weathered Petroleum Hydrocarbons Using Organic Waste Amendments

Extraction, transport, and processing of petroleum products have resulted in inadvertent contamination of soil. Various technologies have been proposed for removal of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants, including biological techniques. Treatment of aged (weathered) petroleum compounds is challenging, as these wastes tend to be enriched with recalcitrant hydrocarbons. The purpose of the reported study was to investigate remediation of weathered petroleum via simulated landfarming using selected soil amendments. Soil contaminated by aged crude petroleum from well fields in the southern Zagros region in Iran was treated in combination with plant compost, papermill sludge, activated carbon, and molasses. Over 15 weeks, the greatest percentage removal (40%) of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) occurred in the molasses treatment, followed by a 29% reduction in the plant compost treatment. The degradation constant (k), produced by a kinetic model, demonstrated the performance of the molasses over the other treatments applied; experimental data adequately fitted into first-order kinetics (k = 0.005 d−1, t½ = 71 d). Benzene decomposition was greatest (77 and 74%) in the molasses and activated carbon treatments, respectively, and was lowest in the papermill sludge treatment (41%). FTIR analysis revealed loss of benzene in all treatments. Bacterial counts were highest (4.9 × 106 CFU/g) in the plant compost treatment and lowest (1 × 105 CFU/g) in the untreated oil-contaminated soil. Based on the findings of the current study, it is possible to successfully conduct landfarming of aged petroleum deposits; however, it is recommended that common and inexpensive amendments such as molasses and plant compost be used when feasible.

Yield Improvement of Upland Rice Planted between Oil Palm Using Organic Matter

The application of organic matter is a way to improve upland rice productivity that grows among immature oil palm plants. To improve the yield of upland rice among immature oil palm plants, this study has been carried out by providing organic matter. The research aimed to determine the effect of organic matter application for upland rice production that plant among immature oil palm. The experimental design used in this study was Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment includes: control, rice straw compost, weed biomass compost, palm oil empty bunch compost, and cow manure. The dose of organic matter given was 3 tons/ha. The results showed that the application of organic materials have significant effects on yield component and the production of upland rice. In general, the best yield and yield components were obtained in the manure treatment, namely plant height 104.7 cm; the number of productive tillers 158 grains; the percentage of filled grain per panicle was 85.8% and grain yield was 5.6 tons/ha or increase by 21.74% compared to the control treatment (4.6 tons/ha). The highest number of productive tillers and weight of 1000 grains were obtained in the palm oil empty bunch compost treatment (14.5 and 28.2 g).

MINERALISASI NITROGEN KOMPOS CAMPURAN RESIDU KEDELAI DAN JERAMI PADI BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI

This study aims to determine the quality of the compost and the amount of nitrogenrelease resulting from mineralization from the compost mixture of soybean residuesand rice straw. The research was conducted in two stages; Stage 1. Making a compostmixture of soybean residue and rice straw with 5 mixed compositions, namely; D1 =100% soybean residue; D2 = 75% soybean residue + 25% rice straw; D3 = 50%soybean residue + 50% rice straw; D4 = 25% soybean residue + 75% rice straw; D5 =100% rice straw. Stage 2.The unwashed incubation experiment aims to determine theamount of nitrogen mineralization from the results of the compost mixture of stage 1 bymeasuring the amount of nitrogen released into the soil, the experiment uses acompletely randomized design (CRD) with the same mixed compost treatment withstage 1 plus 2 comparative treatments, namely control treatment and NPK treatment(D6). The results showed that the mixture of organic matter with different residualqualities of soybean and rice straw gave the same dynamics of N mineralization wherethe cumulative N mineral increased with the increase of soybean residue in the mixtureduring the incubation period (1,2,4 and 8 weeks). Treatment D1 (100% soybeanresidue) showed the highest rate of mineralization and the amount of N released(mineral N) of 0.0602 mg week -1 and 1225.39 mg kg-1, respectively.Keyword : compost, soybean residue, rice straw, mineral N, mineralization

Biochar and Compost Application of Livestock on The Growth and Results of Red Chili Plants

This study aims to determine the effect of compost and biochar made from livestock manure and its interaction on the growth and yield of red chili plants. in former farmers' rice fields in Blahkiuh Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, with an altitude of about 400-500 meters above sea level. This research activity took place from March to July 2020. The design used in this study was a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors, namely: chicken compost with 2 levels and 4 levels of biochar by testing the compost dose and the type of biochar with a dose of 15 tons ha-1. The interaction between the treatment of the effect of biochar dose (B) and the dose of chicken compost (K) had no significant effect on all observed variables. The biochar treatment had a significant to very significant effect on most of the observed variables, except for the variable number of leaves, number of fruit, dry weight of fruit oven, dry weight of streak oven, which had no significant effect, while the chicken compost treatment had a very significant effect. real for all variables. Provision of chicken biochar type increased fruit fresh weight in the treatment of chicken biochar, which was 1387.49 g which increased by 18.13% compared to treatment without biochar, which was 1135.92 g, while the fresh weight of fruit at compost dose chicken, namely 1455.13 g, increased by 30.33% compared to the treatment without compost, namely 1013.74 g Keywords: Biochar; compost; and chili plants

Assessment of Growth and Biomass Production of a Medicinal Plant Bryophyllum Salisb. as Influenced by Different Organic Manures

A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of various organic manures on the growth performance and biomass production of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Nine kinds of organic manures, such as ACI, BGF-1, bone meal, Green life, Kazi, Majim, mustard cake, Payel and Shebok composts were applied individually at the rate of 15 ton/ha. Highest height (45.25 cm), leaf number (102.67 no./plant), leaf area (82.43 cm2/plant), number of branches (27.00 no./plant), girth (6.75 cm/plant), total fresh weight (334.02 g/plant) and total dry weight (86.09 g/plant) were recorded in mustard cake compost treatment at harvest. Results showed that the best growth performance and biomass production both were achieved by mustard cake compost treatment. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 229-236, 2020 (July)

Carbon and Microbial Dynamics in Soil on Biochar Compost Plus Treatment

Carbon and microbes in the soil fluctuated from time to time due to various things. This study aims to determine the dynamics of carbon and microbes in the soil in the treatment of biochar-compost. In addition to the use of biochar-compost, this research also uses nano biochar and enrichment with microbial consortia. The study was conducted at the screen house using a complete randomized design with three replications with following treatments: control / without organic fertilizer (P0), compost (P1), biochar-compost 1: 4 (P2), nano-biochar-compost 1: 4 (P3 ), biochar-compost + microbial consortia (P4), compost + microbial consortia (P5) and biochar-compost + microbial consortia (P6) with a dose of 2.5 tons/ha respectively. Biochar comes from corncobs. Compost biochar plus application was made before planting. Parameters observed were soil carbon (C-organic), soil acidity (pH) at 7 DAA, 37 DAA and after harvest, and the total soil microbial population at 2 DAA and after harvest. Soil carbon was measured using Walkey and Black method measured by spectrophotometer, soil pH using a soil: water ratio = 1: 5 and measured by a pH meter, the total microbial population using Total Plate Counting (TPC) method. The results showed carbon and soil microbial populations decreased over time, except for microbial communities in a single compost treatment.