scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variation in an Apple Orchard

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2182-2187
Author(s):  
Babak Talebpour ◽  
Maksut Barış Eminoğlu ◽  
Uğur Yegül ◽  
Ufuk Türker
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Temporal Variance ◽  
Over Time

One important goal of precision horticulture (PH), as well as precision agriculture (PA), is to measure and manage spatial and temporal variation in orchards. In this study, temporal and spatial analysis of yields were carried out over 2 years for a 0.5-ha apple orchard (at the Haymana Research Station of Ankara University, Turkey, from 2017 to 2018) to determine the variability of yields over time and included seven apple varieties: ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Red Chief’, ‘Braeburn’, ‘Mondial Gala’, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Fuji’, and ‘Mitch Gala’. To achieve this, yield data for two different years were analyzed for mean yield, temporal variance, and cv in terms of spatial and temporal stability, and their yield maps were produced. The results showed that ‘Jonagold’, ‘Braeburn’, and ‘Red Chief’ varieties yielded less than the average yield, whereas the other varieties produced average yields when the yield from 2 years was taken into account. Calculation of the values for determining temporal stability over time resulted in all existing varieties being identified as stable over time. For example, the ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Red Chief’ varieties showed 100% stability in terms of temporal variance. Results also showed that the ‘Gala’ varieties were stable for 2 years and produced high yields, whereas the other varieties were specified as stable and low yielding when spatial and temporal variability was considered in combination.

Spatial and temporal variation in assemblages of Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae and associated fish species among mid-continental shelf reefs in the central Great Barrier Reef

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Newman ◽  
David McB. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Shallow Trap ◽  
Fish Traps ◽  
Lutjanus Carponotatus ◽  
Plectropomus Leopardus ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Over Time

Visual censuses were used to survey shallow-water assemblages of the Lutjanidae and Lethrinidae among three mid-continental shelf reefs, and fish traps were used to survey deeper water assemblages below diveable depths. Significant differences were found in visual censuses of the Lutjanidae and Lethrinidae among reefs. Trap catches of the Lutjanidae and Lethrinidae varied more between depths and diel sampling periods than among reefs or over time. Lutjanus carponotatus, L. fulviflamma and Lethrinus miniatus were more abundant in shallow trap sets, whereas Lutjanus adetii, L. russelli, L. sebae, L. vitta, Gymnocranius audleyi, Lethrinus sp.2 and Abalistes stellaris were more abundant in deeper sets. Additionally, Lutjanus adetii, L. fulviflamma, L. quinquelineatus, L. russelli, L. sebae, L. vitta and Lethrinus miniatus were more abundant at night, whereas Lethrinus sp. 2, Abalistes stellarisand Plectropomus leopardus were more abundant during the day. The absence of significant temporal variation in the observed spatial patterns both among reefs and between depths indicates that these patterns may persist through time. The use of both visual censuses and fish traps to assess reef fish assemblages may provide an objective way of repeatedly censusing reefs for monitoring purposes, especially where differences among reefs and regions are important.

scholarly journals Hot spot detection and spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue in Queensland, Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naish ◽  
S. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

Dengue has been a major public health concern in Australia since it re-emerged in Queensland in 1992–1993. This study explored spatio-temporal distribution and clustering of locally-acquired dengue cases in Queensland State, Australia and identified target areas for effective interventions. A computerised locally-acquired dengue case dataset was collected from Queensland Health for Queensland from 1993 to 2012. Descriptive spatial and temporal analyses were conducted using geographic information system tools and geostatistical techniques. Dengue hot spots were detected using SatScan method. Descriptive spatial analysis showed that a total of 2,398 locally-acquired dengue cases were recorded in central and northern regions of tropical Queensland. A seasonal pattern was observed with most of the cases occurring in autumn. Spatial and temporal variation of dengue cases was observed in the geographic areas affected by dengue over time. Tropical areas are potential high-risk areas for mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue. This study demonstrated that the locally-acquired dengue cases have exhibited a spatial and temporal variation over the past twenty years in tropical Queensland, Australia. There is a clear evidence for the existence of statistically significant clusters of dengue and these clusters varied over time. These findings enabled us to detect and target dengue clusters suggesting that the use of geospatial information can assist the health authority in planning dengue control activities and it would allow for better design and implementation of dengue management programs.

scholarly journals Time or Space? Relative Importance of Geographic Distribution and Interannual Variation in Three Lineages of the Ascidian Pyura chilensis in the Southeast Pacific Coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar A. Haye ◽  
Xavier Turon ◽  
Nicolás I. Segovia
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Southeast Pacific ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Spatial and temporal variation of environmental parameters can affect dispersal, recruitment and population persistence of marine benthic species. Studies including inter-annual comparisons of genetic structure often indicate high/moderate temporal heterogeneity in marine invertebrates, which may be a prevailing pattern. This suggests that temporal studies are necessary to understand the dynamics of marine metapopulations. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal genetic structure of the ascidian Pyura chilensis, a low dispersal sessile marine species endemic from the Southeast Pacific coast and highly demanded for human consumption. We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) from 1,005 individuals of six locations (30–40 individuals per site and year) spanning a wide latitudinal range (24°–42°S) and sampled over 5 years (2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017). The genetic structure of COI indicates the presence of three monophyletic lineages (haplogroups 1–3) previously described for the species, being one of them highly divergent and geographically restricted (~39°S, Los Molinos). Considering the whole dataset, a picture of strong spatial differentiation but temporal stability emerged in Pyura chilensis. However, detailed studies of the two main lineages revealed important differences in the extent of spatio-temporal variation. Analyses using haplotype frequencies sorted by site and year showed that, for haplogroup 1, genetic variation was explained mainly by differences between sites, while for haplogroup 2 differences between years were prevailing. Haplogroup 3 was restricted to the most southern sites, and also showed inter-annual variability in its frequency. These results point to disparate patterns of genetic differentiation, which may reflect different adaptive scope or variation in reproductive and dispersal features and could be a response to extreme events such as El Niño (2015–2016). This work calls for caution when obtaining general trends in species clearly differentiated in lineages, and prompts instead for separate analyses of sub-specific genetic lineages whenever possible.

Temporal and spatial variability in elemental composition of otoliths: implications for determining stock identity and connectivity of populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn M Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Elemental Fingerprint ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Over Time

Interannual variability in elemental composition of otoliths may confound spatial interpretations. The elemental fingerprints of otoliths of juvenile fish were determined for fish collected from 12 to 15 estuaries in each of three consecutive recruitment years to determine temporal variation in otolith chemistry for each estuary. It was also examined whether there is overlap in elemental fingerprints of fish collected in different years and from different estuaries that may confound subsequent spatial comparisons. Significant differences in otolith chemistry were found among years for individual elements (lithium, manganese, strontium, and barium) and for multi-element fingerprints. Some estuaries showed large variation in multi-element fingerprints among years, whereas others showed little variation among years. There was some overlap of elemental fingerprints of different estuaries, but these were not always for fish collected in the same year. The significant spatial and temporal variation in elemental fingerprints meant that it was possible to confound spatial differences with temporal differences. Therefore, if the natal estuary of the adults is to be determined, a library of elemental fingerprints needs to be built up over time for each estuary rather than a single year-class of juveniles being used as the elemental fingerprint for a number of year-classes of adults.

scholarly journals One-time Nitrogen Fertilization Shifts Switchgrass Soil Microbiomes within a Context of Larger Spatial and Temporal Variation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaihai Chen ◽  
Zamin K. Yang ◽  
Dan Yip ◽  
Reese H. Morris ◽  
Steven J. Lebreux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Vertical Heterogeneity ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSoil microbiome responses to short-term nitrogen (N) inputs within the context of existing spatio-temporal variability remain uncertain. Here, we examined soil bacterial and fungal communities pre/post-N fertilization in an 8 year-old switchgrass field, in which twenty-four plots received N fertilization at three levels (0, 100, and 200 kg N ha-1 as NH4NO3) for the first time since planting. Soils were collected at two depths, 0-5 and 5-15 cm, for DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and ITS regions, and soil metagenomic analysis. Baseline assessment prior to fertilization revealed no pre-existing differences in either bacterial or fungal communities across plots. The one-time N fertilization increased switchgrass yields and tissue N content, and the added N was nearly completely removed from the soil of fertilized plots by the end of the growing season. Both bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities showed large spatial (by depth) and temporal variation (by season) within each plot, accounting for 17 and 12-22 % of the variation in bacterial/archaeal and fungal community composition, respectively. While N fertilization effects accounted for only ~4% of overall variation, some specific microbial groups, including the bacterial genus Pseudonocardia and the fungal genus Archaeorhizomyces, were notably repressed by fertilization at 200 kg N ha-1. Bacterial groups varied with both depth in the soil profile and time of sampling, while temporal variability shaped the fungal community more significantly than vertical heterogeneity in the soil. Thus, variability within the field might override the changes induced by N addition. Continued analyses of these trends over time with fertilization and management are needed to understand whether these transient effects change over time.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Coevolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Max Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Islamist Movements

This chapter seeks to understand how Islamist movements have evolved over time, and, in the process, provide important background on the political and religious contexts of the movements in question. In particular, it shows that Islamist movements coevolve. Focusing on the histories of Morocco's two main Islamist movements—the Justice and Spirituality Organization, or Al Adl wal Ihsan (Al Adl) and the Party of Justice and Development (PJD)—it suggests that their evolutions can only be fully appreciated if they are relayed in unison. These movements mirror one another depending on the competitive context, sometimes reflecting, sometimes refracting, sometimes borrowing, sometimes adapting or even reorganizing in order to keep up with the other.

Correspondances étymologiques, lexicales et sémantiques dans le processus de féminisation de noms de profession, métiers et activités dans les sociétés française et roumaine

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-422
Author(s):  
Estelle Variot
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

"Etymological, Lexical and Semantic Correspondences in the Process of Feminization of Professional Names, Trades and Activities in French and Romanian Societies. The feminization of thought represented by language and of its varieties in the Roman World has allowed to highlight some convergences that come from a common linguistic heritage, often from Greek and Latin and some hesitation about adapting society to its realities. The feminization of some words which comes from an ancient process illustrates on the one hand the potential of the language and on the other hand some constraints sometimes linked to the society itself, which creates transitional periods, between matching grammatical correction and the evolution of linguistic uses over time. The possibilities of lexical enrichment (internal creation or loan) show the means available in French and Romanian and some convergences in the area of derivation, of lexical units and their etymologies. The grammatical perspective and word constructing methods make it possible to give keys for the feminization of names of trades or professions. Likewise, recording entries in the lexicon, their evolution, their assimilation or sometimes their forgetfulness, for the benefit of new constructions highlight the existence of objective and subjective criteria which teach us a lot about society as a whole. Keywords: feminization of professions, internal and external enrichment, suffixal match, use of words, grammar, lexicon, French and Romanian."

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