scholarly journals Hot spot detection and spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue in Queensland, Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naish ◽  
S. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

Dengue has been a major public health concern in Australia since it re-emerged in Queensland in 1992–1993. This study explored spatio-temporal distribution and clustering of locally-acquired dengue cases in Queensland State, Australia and identified target areas for effective interventions. A computerised locally-acquired dengue case dataset was collected from Queensland Health for Queensland from 1993 to 2012. Descriptive spatial and temporal analyses were conducted using geographic information system tools and geostatistical techniques. Dengue hot spots were detected using SatScan method. Descriptive spatial analysis showed that a total of 2,398 locally-acquired dengue cases were recorded in central and northern regions of tropical Queensland. A seasonal pattern was observed with most of the cases occurring in autumn. Spatial and temporal variation of dengue cases was observed in the geographic areas affected by dengue over time. Tropical areas are potential high-risk areas for mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue. This study demonstrated that the locally-acquired dengue cases have exhibited a spatial and temporal variation over the past twenty years in tropical Queensland, Australia. There is a clear evidence for the existence of statistically significant clusters of dengue and these clusters varied over time. These findings enabled us to detect and target dengue clusters suggesting that the use of geospatial information can assist the health authority in planning dengue control activities and it would allow for better design and implementation of dengue management programs.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of drainage and solute leaching in heterogeneous urban vegetation environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6695-6721
Author(s):  
H. Nouri ◽  
S. Beecham ◽  
A. M. Hassanli ◽  
G. Ingleton
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Solute Leaching

Abstract. Deep percolation enhancement from recycled wastewater irrigation may contribute to salt accumulation and water table elevation that can ultimately cause soil and ground water degradation. The spatial and temporal variation of drainage rate and solute leaching were investigated in an urban park containing heterogeneous landscape plants that were irrigated with recycled wastewater. Field monitoring was undertaken at Veale Gardens in the Adelaide Parklands, Australia. Based on the landscape variation in Veale Gardens, two landscape zones were defined: one being largely covered with turf grasses with few trees and shrubs (MG) with the second zone being mostly trees and shrubs with intermittent turf grasses (MT). Experiments were performed using two zero-tension lysimeters placed horizontally 100 cm below ground to monitor the spatio-temporal behaviour of drained water and nutrient loadings for four seasons. The outcomes showed a large spatial and temporal variation of drainage quantity and quality in the MT and MG zones. The low vegetation cover in the MG zone resulted in more drained water than in the high vegetation cover (MT zone). In both zones, more drainage water was collected in winter than in other seasons. This is in spite of the input water showing a maximum rate in summer. The seasonal salinities measured in the two lysimeters showed very similar trends with the lowest salinity rate in autumn with the levels increasing through winter and spring. Chemical analyses of the leachate solute indicated no detrimental impact from using recycled wastewater during the study period.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and temporal variation of microcrustaceans assembly (Cladocera and Copepoda) in different compartments of a reservoir in the brazilian semiarid region

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane Souza Santos ◽  
Nadson Ressyé Simões ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Significant Spatial Variation

Abstract Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of microcrustacean assemblages of a reservoir in the Brazilian semiarid region. Methods Physical and chemical water variables and samples of microcrustaceans were collected at eight sites of the reservoir between July 2013 and November 2014, in a total of seven campaigns. For this study, the reservoir was categorized in two compartments: lateral and central. Results Limnological variables showed significant temporal variation (PERMANOVA, Pseudo-F = 19.51, p = 0.001). Higher turbidity values and suspended solids were observed in the rainiest months, while during the dry months, we measured higher values of transparency, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll-a. It was not found significant spatial variation of limnological variables (PERMANOVA, Pseudo-F = 0.96; p = 0.394). During the study period, ten species were recorded: four Cladocera (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Daphnia gessneri, Diaphanosoma birgei and Diaphanosoma spinulosum ) three Copepoda Calanoida (Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi, Notodiaptomus cearensis and Notodiaptomus iheringi) and three Copepoda Cyclopoida (Macrocyclops albidus, Thermocyclops minutus and Thermocyclops decipiens). The microcrustacean assemblages showed significant temporal variation (PERMANOVA, Pseudo-F = 4.34; p = 0.001) as well as significant spatial variation (PERMANOVA, Pseudo-F = 9.46; p = 0.001). The highest values of abundance and richness were observed in the lateral compartment, this result is mainly related to the presence of aquatic macrophytes in this region, because the analysis of partial RDA indicated that limnological variables explained only 11% of this variation (Pseudo-F = 2.08, p = 0.001). Conclusions The results suggest that the seasonality of the semiarid is an important factor in the temporal dynamics of the limnological variables, while the aquatic macrophytes play an important role in the spatial distribution of the microcrustacean assembly.

Assessing variation in assemblages of large marine fauna off ocean beaches using drones

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan P. Kelaher ◽  
Andrew P. Colefax ◽  
Alejandro Tagliafico ◽  
Melanie J. Bishop ◽  
Anna Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Marine Wildlife

The turbulent waters off ocean beaches provide habitat for large marine fauna, including dolphins, sharks, rays, turtles and game fish. Although, historically, these assemblages have proven difficult to quantify, we used a new drone-based approach to assess spatial and temporal variation in assemblages of large marine fauna off four exposed beaches in New South Wales, Australia. In total, 4388 individual large marine animals were identified from 216 drone flights. The most common taxa, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) and Australian cownose rays (Rhinoptera neglecta), occurred in 25.5 and 19.9% of flights respectively. White (Carcharodon carcharias), bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and other whaler (Carcharhinus spp.) sharks were observed in <1% of flights. There was significant variation in the structure of assemblages of large fauna among beaches, with those adjacent to riverine estuaries having greater richness and abundance of wildlife. Overall, drone surveys were successful in documenting the spatio-temporal dynamics of an impressive suite of large marine fauna. We contend that emerging drone technology can make a valuable contribution to the ecological information required to ensure the long-term sustainability of sandy-beach ecosystems and associated marine wildlife.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Feed Grain Demand of Dairy Cows in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yang Dong ◽  
Bei Bei Ma ◽  
Chun Xia LU
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Feeding Technology

As the income of urban and rural residents has increased in recent decades in China, dairy products have become an important part of the Chinese diet. Therefore, keeping up with the growing demand for feed grain for dairy cows is a critical issue of feed grain security. Utilizing traditional statistical and spatial statistical methods, this study analyzes the spatio-temporal dynamics of dairy cow feed grain (DCFG) demand on the provincial, regional, and national levels across China from 1990 to 2016. Additionally, this paper explores the impacts of various factors on the spatio-temporal dynamics of DCFG demand using the Geo-Detector method. The results demonstrate that: (1) the temporal dynamics of DCFG demand can be divided into three stages of slow growth, rapid growth, and high-level stability, and the relative level of DCFG demand in the whole animal husbandry tends to decline; (2) at the regional and national levels, the spatial concentration of high DCFG demand has intensified; in particular, North China was the region where the largest demand for DCFG was localized and was increasing at the highest rate; (3) based on the hot spot analysis of provincial DCFG demand, the high and low demand provinces of DCFG have sharp characteristic contrast from north to south China; (4) the spatio-temporal dynamics of DCFG demand in China were essentially co-affected by the four groups of factors (e.g., resource endowment, feeding scale, feeding technology, and market environment), of which resource endowment and feeding scale were the dominant factors. Therefore, in the future, dairy cow feeding in China should promote grain-saving feeding technology, improve the utilization of forage, expand large-scale feeding, and create a good market environment to ensure the reasonable development and sustainability of DCFG demand.

Spatial and temporal variation in assemblages of Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae and associated fish species among mid-continental shelf reefs in the central Great Barrier Reef

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Newman ◽  
David McB. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Shallow Trap ◽  
Fish Traps ◽  
Lutjanus Carponotatus ◽  
Plectropomus Leopardus ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Over Time

Visual censuses were used to survey shallow-water assemblages of the Lutjanidae and Lethrinidae among three mid-continental shelf reefs, and fish traps were used to survey deeper water assemblages below diveable depths. Significant differences were found in visual censuses of the Lutjanidae and Lethrinidae among reefs. Trap catches of the Lutjanidae and Lethrinidae varied more between depths and diel sampling periods than among reefs or over time. Lutjanus carponotatus, L. fulviflamma and Lethrinus miniatus were more abundant in shallow trap sets, whereas Lutjanus adetii, L. russelli, L. sebae, L. vitta, Gymnocranius audleyi, Lethrinus sp.2 and Abalistes stellaris were more abundant in deeper sets. Additionally, Lutjanus adetii, L. fulviflamma, L. quinquelineatus, L. russelli, L. sebae, L. vitta and Lethrinus miniatus were more abundant at night, whereas Lethrinus sp. 2, Abalistes stellarisand Plectropomus leopardus were more abundant during the day. The absence of significant temporal variation in the observed spatial patterns both among reefs and between depths indicates that these patterns may persist through time. The use of both visual censuses and fish traps to assess reef fish assemblages may provide an objective way of repeatedly censusing reefs for monitoring purposes, especially where differences among reefs and regions are important.

scholarly journals IcePAC – a probabilistic tool to study sea ice spatio-temporal dynamics: application to the Hudson Bay area

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Gignac ◽  
Monique Bernier ◽  
Karem Chokmani
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. A reliable knowledge and assessment of the sea ice conditions and their evolution in time is a priority for numerous decision makers in the domains of coastal and offshore management and engineering as well as in commercial navigation. As of today, countless research projects aimed at both modelling and mapping past, actual and future sea ice conditions were completed using sea ice numerical models, statistical models, educated guesses or remote sensing imagery. From this research, reliable information helping to understand sea ice evolution in space and in time is available to stakeholders. However, no research has, until present, assessed the evolution of sea ice cover with a frequency modelling approach, by identifying the underlying theoretical distribution describing the sea ice behaviour at a given point in space and time. This project suggests the development of a probabilistic tool, named IcePAC, based on frequency modelling of historical 1978–2015 passive microwave sea ice concentrations maps from the EUMETSAT OSI-409 product, to study the sea ice spatio-temporal behaviour in the waters of the Hudson Bay system in northeast Canada. Grid-cell-scale models are based on the generalized beta distribution and generated at a weekly temporal resolution. Results showed coherence with the Canadian Ice Service 1981–2010 Sea Ice Climatic Atlas average freeze-up and melt-out dates for numerous coastal communities in the study area and showed that it is possible to evaluate a range of plausible events, such as the shortest and longest probable ice-free season duration, for any given location in the simulation domain. Results obtained in this project pave the way towards various analyses on sea ice concentration spatio-temporal distribution patterns that would gain in terms of information content and value by relying on the kind of probabilistic information and simulation data available from the IcePAC tool.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variation in densities of chironomid larvae (Diptera) in two lagoons and two tributaries of the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4b) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HIGUTI ◽  
A. M. TAKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Parana River ◽  
Upper Paraná River Floodplain ◽  
Upper Paraná River ◽  
Paraná River Floodplain

Chironomid larvae were collected and abiotic variables measured at monthly intervals at 21 sampling stations in two lagoons (Guaraná and Patos) and two tributaries (Baía and Ivinheima) of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The genera Procladius, Chironomus, Goeldichironomus, and Polypedilum were dominant in the lagoons and in the Baía River, while Cryptochironomus and Lopescladius were more dominant in the Ivinheima River. The similarity in the generic composition of the chironomids of the lagoons and the Baía River is probably due to the fact that this river presents hydrodynamic characteristics similar to those of the lagoons. The results obtained suggest that the hydrodynamics of these environments are the main factor determining spatial variation in the chironomid fauna. This is intuitively clear, as this factor itself determines sediment type, quantity of organic matter and presence or absence of aquatic macrophytes. However, on a seasonal scale, the flood pulse seems to be the main controlling factor of the temporal variation in densities and dominance of chironomid larvae. Given that this factor has a large influence on the temporal dynamics of several limnological variables, this is again a logical correlation. Our results suggest a strong relationship between the variations in the chironomid community and fluctuations in limnological characteristics.

Spatial and temporal variation in morphology in Australian whistlers and shrike-thrushes: is climate change causing larger appendages?

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Isabelle R Onley ◽  
Janet L Gardner ◽  
Matthew R E Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Allen’S Rule ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Allen’s rule is an ecogeographical pattern whereby the size of appendages of animals increases relative to body size in warmer climates in order to facilitate heat exchange and thermoregulation. Allen’s rule predicts that one consequence of a warming climate would be an increase in the relative size of appendages, and evidence from other bird species suggests that this might be occurring. Using measurements from museum specimens, we determined whether spatio-temporal variation in bills and legs of Australian Pachycephalidae species exhibits within-species trends consistent with Allen’s rule and increases in temperature attributable to climatic warming. We conducted regression model analyses relating appendage size to spatio-temporal variables, while controlling for body size. The relative bill size in four of the eight species was negatively associated with latitude. Tarsus length showed no significant trends consistent with Allen’s rule. No significant increases in appendage size were found over time. Although bill size in some species was positively correlated with warmer temperatures, the evidence was not substantial enough to suggest a morphological response to climatic warming. This study suggests that climate change is not currently driving adaptive change towards larger appendages in these species. We suggest that other adaptive mechanisms might be taking place.

scholarly journals What drives the spatial distribution and dynamics of local species richness in tropical forest?

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1863) ◽  
pp. 20171503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Wiegand ◽  
Felix May ◽  
Martin Kazmierczak ◽  
Andreas Huth
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Understanding the structure and dynamics of highly diverse tropical forests is challenging. Here we investigate the factors that drive the spatio-temporal variation of local tree numbers and species richness in a tropical forest (including 1250 plots of 20 × 20 m 2 ). To this end, we use a series of dynamic models that are built around the local spatial variation of mortality and recruitment rates, and ask which combination of processes can explain the observed spatial and temporal variation in tree and species numbers. We find that processes not included in classical neutral theory are needed to explain these fundamental patterns of the observed local forest dynamics. We identified a large spatio-temporal variability in the local number of recruits as the main missing mechanism, whereas variability of mortality rates contributed to a lesser extent. We also found that local tree numbers stabilize at typical values which can be explained by a simple analytical model. Our study emphasized the importance of spatio-temporal variability in recruitment beyond demographic stochasticity for explaining the local heterogeneity of tropical forests.

scholarly journals Modelling Local Patterns of Children Mortality. A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lome-Hurtado ◽  
Jacques Lartigue Mendoza ◽  
Juan Carlos Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: The number of death children at the international scale are still high, but with proper spatially-targeted health public policies this number could be reduced. In Mexico, children mortality is a particular health concern due to its alarming rate all throughout North America. The aims of this study are i) to model the change of children mortality risk at the municipality level, (ii) to identify municipalities with high, medium and low risk over time and (iii) to ascertain potential high-risk municipalities across time, using local trends of each municipality in Greater Mexico City. Methods: The study uses Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis to control for space-time patterns of data. This allow to model the geographical variation of the municipalities within the time span studied. Results: The analysis shows that most of the high-risk municipalities are in the north, west, and some in the east; some of such municipalities show an increasing children mortality risk over time. The outcomes highlight some municipalities which show a medium risk currently but are likely to become high risk along the study period. Finally, the odds of children mortality risk illustrate a decreasing tendency over the 7-year framework. Conclusions: Identification of high-risk municipalities may provide a useful input to policy-makers seeking out to reduce the incidence of children mortality, since it would provide evidence to support geographical targeting for policy interventions.

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