scholarly journals Supplemental Radiation Quality Influences Cucumber, Tomato, and Pepper Transplant Growth and Development

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Garcia ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Radiation Quality ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Supplemental Lighting

Supplemental lighting is required for the production of high-quality vegetable transplants in greenhouses when the photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) is low. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a promising alternative to high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. However, there are a limited number of studies that have evaluated how LED supplemental lighting spectral quality beyond blue (B) and red (R) radiation influences plant growth and development. Seeds of hybrid greenhouse seedless cucumber ‘Elsie’ (Cucumis sativus), tomato ‘Climstar’ (Solanum lycopersicum), and pepper ‘Kathia’ (Capsicum annuum) were sown and placed into a dark growth chamber until radicle emergence. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse at a 25 °C constant temperature set point and under five lighting treatments. The supplemental lighting treatments delivered a total photon flux density (TPFD) of 120 μmol·m−2·s−1 for 16 h·d−1 based on an instantaneous threshold from HPS lamps or LEDs [three treatments composed of B (400–500 nm), R (600–700 nm), white, and/or far-red (FR; 700–800 nm) LEDs], and a control that delivered 25 μmol·m−2·s−1 from HPS lamps (HPS25). The LED treatments defined by their wavebands (TPFD in μmol·m−2·s–1) of B, green (G, 500–600 nm), R, and FR radiation were B20G10R75FR15, B25R95, and B30G30R60; whereas the HPS treatments emitted B7G57R47FR9 (HPS120) and B1G13R9FR2 (HPS25). Generally, cucumber, pepper, and tomato transplants under B30G30R60 and HPS120 supplemental lighting had the greatest stem diameter. Fresh weight and leaf area of all three species was greater when G radiation replaced R or B radiation. For example, leaf area and fresh weight of cucumber, tomato, and pepper increased (by 33%, 22%, and 49%; and 35%, 14%, and 56%, respectively) for plants under B30G30R60 supplemental lighting compared with plants under B25R95 supplemental lighting. The most compact cucumber and pepper transplants were those grown under B25R95 supplemental lighting, and the most compact tomatoes were those grown under the HPS25 (control) and B25R95 supplemental lighting. Tomato transplants under treatments providing ≥30 μmol·m−2·s−1 of G radiation had an increased incidence of leaf necrosis. From this study, we conclude that plant responses to supplemental lighting quality are generally genera-specific, and therefore high-wire transplants should be separated by genera to optimize production and quality. However, additional studies are required to provide complete LED supplemental lighting recommendations.

scholarly journals Spectral Effects of Supplemental Greenhouse Radiation on Growth and Flowering of Annual Bedding Plants and Vegetable Transplants

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Poel ◽  
Erik S. Runkle
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Radiation Quality ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Bedding Plants

Supplemental radiation (SR), traditionally provided by high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, is recommended for greenhouse production of seedlings during radiation-limiting conditions. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as an appealing alternative to HPS lamps primarily because they can provide SR at improved energy efficiencies, they have longer fixture lifetimes, and the radiation spectrum can be tailored to potentially manipulate plant morphology by targeting radiation absorption of specific photoreceptors. We grew seedlings of three annual bedding plants and two vegetable transplants in greenhouses at 20 °C under a 16-h photoperiod under six SR treatments: five that delivered a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 90 μmol·m−2·s–1 from HPS lamps (HPS90) or LEDs [four treatments composed of blue (B; 400–500 nm), red (R; 600–700 nm), far red (FR; 700–800 nm), and/or white LEDs] and one that delivered 10 μmol·m−2·s–1 from HPS (HPS10) lamps as a control with matching photoperiod. The LED treatments, defined by the percentages of B, green (G; 500–600 nm), and R radiation, were B10R90, B45R55, B10G5R85, and B12G20R68 + FR (FR at 12 μmol·m−2·s–1). At transplant, leaf area and seedling height were similar among 90 μmol·m−2·s–1 treatments in all species except snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), in which seedlings grown under B12G20R68 + FR had 62% greater leaf area than those grown under B45R55 and were 47%, 18%, 38%, and 62% taller than those grown under HPS90, B10R90, B10G5R85, and B45R55, respectively. After transplant and finishing under the same SR treatments, snapdragon flowered on average 7 days earlier under the B12G20R68 + FR treatment than the other LED treatments, whereas geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum) grown under B45R55 and B12G20R68 + FR flowered 7 to 9 days earlier than those under the B10G5R85 and B10R90 treatments. Seedlings of each species grown under the HPS10 treatment accumulated less dry weight and took longer to flower compared with seedlings under the other SR treatments. We conclude that radiation quality of SR has relatively little effect on seedling growth and subsequent flowering although in some crops, flowering may be earlier when SR includes FR radiation.

scholarly journals Effect of Pre-Harvest Supplemental UV-A/Blue and Red/Blue LED Lighting on Lettuce Growth and Nutritional Quality

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Triston Hooks ◽  
Joseph Masabni ◽  
Ling Sun ◽  
Genhua Niu
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Supplemental Lighting

Blue light and ultra-violet (UV) light have been shown to influence plant growth, morphology, and quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-harvest supplemental lighting using UV-A and blue (UV-A/Blue) light and red and blue (RB) light on growth and nutritional quality of lettuce grown hydroponically in two greenhouse experiments. The RB spectrum was applied pre-harvest for two days or nights, while the UV-A/Blue spectrum was applied pre-harvest for two or four days or nights. All pre-harvest supplemental lighting treatments had a same duration of 12 h with a photon flux density (PFD) of 171 μmol m−2 s−1. Results of both experiments showed that pre-harvest supplemental lighting using UV A/Blue or RB light can increase the growth and nutritional quality of lettuce grown hydroponically. The enhancement of lettuce growth and nutritional quality by the pre-harvest supplemental lighting was more effective under low daily light integral (DLI) compared to a high DLI and tended to be more effective when applied during the night, regardless of spectrum.

Response of Sonia roses to continuous daytime CO2 supplementation under controlled environment conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zeroni ◽  
J Gale
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Water Vapour Diffusion ◽  
Flower Quality

Rose plants (Rosa hybrida cv. Sonia, Syn. Sweet Promise) were placed in growth chambers under conditions resembling winter in a controlled environment greenhouse in the desert: mild temperatures, high incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), high air humidity and 10.5 h daylenght. Concentrations of CO2 in the air were maintained throughout the day at 320, 600 or 1200 8l l-1 with approximately 350 8l l-1 at night. Plant growth (length, fresh and gry weight), development (breaks, blindness), flower yield and flower quality (flower bud diameter, fresh weight and cane length) indices were monitored throughout three consecutive flowering cycles. CO2 supplementation caused an increase in leaf resistance to water vapour diffusion, accompanied by a reduction in the rate of transpiration per unit leaf area, Total leaf area increased at higher CO2 concentrations. Water use per plant did not change. Plant water potentials increased with rising CO2 concentrations. Growth, development, flower yield and flower quality were greatly enahnced in the CO2-enriched atmosphere. The response of growth and development to CO2 supplementation tended to decrease slightly with time when calculated per branch, but increased when calculated per plant. Flower yield and qualtiy did not change with time. The highest CO2 treatment resulted in a sustained, approximately 50% increase in yield, and doubling of the above quality indices throughout the three growth cycles.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Horizontal and Vertical Decoupled Aquaponic Systems for Basil Production and Effect of Light Supplementation by LED

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Fernández-Cabanás ◽  
Luis Pérez-Urrestarazu ◽  
Alexes Juárez ◽  
Nathan T. Kaufman ◽  
Jackson A. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Supplemental Lighting

Aquaponic facilities allow the joint production of fish and plants in a reduced space. This hydroponic technique, combined with vertical farming, is not well studied. The main objective of this work was to compare basil production between horizontal and vertical decoupled aquaponic systems and assess the utilization of supplemental lighting in a greenhouse environment. Six independent vertical racks were arranged with hydroponic trays at three heights. Three racks were affixed with LED lighting on the lowest levels and three with supplemental lighting on the intermediate level. Immediately adjacent to the vertical systems, two independent horizontal systems containing three trays were constructed to compare basil production. After 35 days of growth post transplanting, the total production per tray and weight, height, number of leaves, and nodes of 20 selected plants per tray were determined. Records of the intensity of illumination photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)) were recorded at dawn (8:00), noon (12:00), and dusk (18:00) at randomly predetermined positions associated with the 20 selected plants per tray. The total basil production in the experiment was 58.79 kg, with an average production per unit area of 2.43 and 0.94 kg m−2 for vertical and horizontal systems, respectively. Productivity per unit area in the vertical systems was 160% greater than in horizontal systems. A significant effect of lighting, the height of the tray, and plant position inside the tray was found on plant growth parameters. Optimization of light source distribution and tray orientation can enhance the productive performance in vertical aquaponic systems. Electricity cost associated with supplemental lighting per kg of production increment was 21.84 and 12.25 $ kg−1 for the bottom and intermediate levels of the vertical system, respectively, the latter being economically the most profitable.

scholarly journals The effects of linght emitting diode lighting on growth and development of A. annanesis and A. roxburghii in vitro cultured shoots

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Phan Xuan Binh Minh ◽  
Bui Thi Thanh Phuong ◽  
Pham Huong Son ◽  
Tran Minh Hoi ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Endangered Plants ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Suitable Habitats

A. annamensis and A. roxburghii belong to Orchidaceae family that has medicinal and ornamental plant value. They are in extinct endangered plants in wild due to the over- collected and loss of the suitable habitats. Using the LED lighting source for culture these species in in vitro condition to optimize the culture conditions, reduction of the production cost, especially electric bill for air-corditionning, lighting. In recent years, the trial applied LED which has the feature of energy saving, small size and a longer operating life, for plant production has started. In this study, LED illumination sources are in four different wavelengths of λ= 430- 470 nm; λ= 470-510 nm; λ= 510-560 nm; λ= 560-600 nm and white fluorescent lamp as control with light intensity photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 40 µmol/m2/s photon used to study their effects on the growth and development of A. annamensis and A. roxburghii species. After 8 weeks of implementing, the results showed that the LEDs of λ= 470-510 nm were suitable for the growth and development for A. roxburghii shoots while for A. annamensis, λ = 430- 470 nm were most suitable for budding and λ= 470-510 nm for shoot growth. Citation: Phan Xuan Binh Minh, Bui Thi Thanh Phuong, Pham Huong Son, Tran Minh Hoi, Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan, Vu Thi Thao, 2018. The effects of linght emitting diode lighting on growth and development of A. annanesis and A. roxburghii in vitro cultured shoots. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 40(1): x-xx. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v40n1.10636. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received 23 August 2017, accepted 2 December 2017

Photon flux density dependence of carbon acquisition and demand in relation to shoot growth of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines grown in controlled environments

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
C Balance

Kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson] vines were grown in four controlled photon flux densities (PFDs) from 250 to 1100 µmol m –2 s –1 for 130 d starting from pre-budbreak to measure relationships between shoot growth and carbon (C) demand and to assess the effect of PFD on these processes. Leaf area, stem length, photosynthesis and respiration rates were measured on the same leaves at regular intervals. From daily C acquisition and accumulation in biomass, the net C balance per cane was determined throughout the experiment. High-PFD-grown vines had 13% more leaf area, 250% more leaf biomass and 30% more stem biomass than low-PFD-grown vines. High-PFD-grown vines also partitioned relatively more biomass to photosynthetic tissue than to supporting stem tissue compared with low-PFD-grown vines. Rates of net photosynthesis were highest on vines grown at 800 µmol m –2 s –1 , but respiration rates were highest in high-PFD-grown vines. Vines grown at 1100 µmol m –2 s –1 had a net gain of 119 g sh –1 and 53 g sh – at 250 µmol m –2 s –1 , of which 46 and 58%, respectively, was used in shoot biomass growth. Net C balance was negative for 30 d after budbreak. Over 130 d, high-PFD-grown vines produced a total surplus of 64 g sh –1 , while low-PFD-grown vines produced 22 g sh –1 . Results demonstrate that irradiance has no effects on developmental processes but has marked effects on vegetative growth rates of kiwifruit vines. Underlining this, the C economy of these shoots is highly and quantitatively dependent on the PFD during growth.

scholarly journals The Impact of Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Low to Adequate Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density on Growth, Physiology and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Juvenile Cacao Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virupax C. Baligar ◽  
Marshall K. Elson ◽  
Alex-Alan F. Almeida ◽  
Quintino R. de Araujo ◽  
Dario Ahnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) was grown as an understory tree in agroforestry systems where it received inadequate to adequate levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). As atmospheric carbon dioxide steadily increased, it was unclear what impact this would have on cacao growth and development at low PPFD. This research evaluated the effects of ambient and elevated levels carbon dioxide under inadequate to adequate levels of PPFD on growth, physiological and nutrient use efficiency traits of seven genetically contrasting juvenile cacao genotypes. Growth parameters (total and root dry weight, root length, stem height, leaf area, relative growth rate and net assimilation rates increased, and specific leaf area decreased significantly in response to increasing carbon dioxide and PPFD. Increasing carbon dioxide and PPFD levels significantly increased net photosynthesis and water-use efficiency traits but significantly reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration. With few exceptions, increasing carbon dioxide and PPFD reduced macro–micro nutrient concentrations but increased uptake, influx, transport and nutrient use efficiency in all cacao genotypes. Irrespective of levels of carbon dioxide and PPFD, intraspecific differences were observed for growth, physiology and nutrient use efficiency of cacao genotypes.

scholarly journals Flowering, Stem Extension Growth, and Cutting Yield of Foliage Annuals in Response to Photoperiod

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666
Author(s):  
Kellie J. Walters ◽  
Allison A. Hurt ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Flowering Stem ◽  
The Aesthetic

Foliage annuals are primarily grown for the aesthetic appeal of their brightly colored, variegated, or patterned leaves rather than for their flowers. Once foliage annuals become reproductive, vegetative growth of many species diminishes or completely ceases and plants can become unappealing. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to quantify how growth and development during production and stock plant cutting yield of bloodleaf (Iresine herbstii), Joseph’s coat (Alternanthera sp.) ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’, Persian shield (Strobilanthes dyerianus), and variegated potato vine (Solanum jasminoides) are influenced by photoperiod and night interruption (NI) lighting with or without far-red (FR) radiation. Photoperiods consisted of a 9-hour short day (SD) or a 9-hour SD extended to 10, 12, 13, 14, or 16 hours with red (R):white (W):FR light-emitting diode (LED) lamps (R:FR = 0.8) providing a total photon flux density (TPFD) of ≈2 µmol·m−2·s–1 of radiation. In addition, two treatments consisted of a 9-hour SD with a 4-hour NI from lamps containing the same R:W:FR or R:W LEDs (R:FR = 37.4). Bloodleaf plant and Joseph’s coat ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’ developed inflorescences or flowers under photoperiods ≤12 to 13 hours and were classified as obligate SD plants. Under LEDs providing R:W:FR radiation, stem elongation of reproductive bloodleaf and Joseph’s coat ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’ increased as photoperiod increased from 9 to 12 hours. In addition, stem elongation of bloodleaf, Joseph’s coat ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’, and Persian shield and growth index (GI = {plant height + [(diameter 1 + diameter 2)/2]}/2) of bloodleaf and Persian shield was significantly greater under NI with FR radiation than without FR radiation. Fewer or no cuttings were harvested from Joseph’s coat ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’ under photoperiods ≤12 or ≤13 hours, respectively. To prevent unwanted flowering of bloodleaf plant and Joseph’s coat, a photoperiod ≥14 hours or 4-hour NI must be maintained with LEDs providing either R:W or R:W:FR radiation, however; stem elongation is significantly reduced under R:W LEDs.

Development and Implementation of a New Optimal Supplemental Lighting Control Strategy in Greenhouses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahand Mosharafian ◽  
Shirin Afzali ◽  
Javad Mohammadpour Velni ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
A Site

Abstract The use of supplemental lighting is an effective way for increasing greenhouse productivity. Recently, using light-emitting diodes (LEDs), capable of precise and quick dimmability, has increased in greenhouses. However, electricity cost of lighting can be significant, and hence, it is necessary to find optimal lighting strategies to minimize supplemental lighting costs. In this paper, we model supplemental lighting in the greenhouse equipped with LEDs as a constrained optimization problem, and we aim at minimizing electricity costs of supplemental lighting. We consider not only plant daily light integral (DLI) need during its photoperiod but also sunlight prediction and variable electricity pricing in our model. We use Markov chain to predict sunlight irradiance throughout the day. By taking sunlight prediction information into account, we avoid supplying more light than plants require. Therefore, our lighting strategy provides sufficient light for plant growth while minimizing electricity costs during the day. We propose an algorithm to find optimal supplemental lighting strategy and evaluate its performance through exhaustive simulation studies using a whole year data and compare it to a heuristic method, which aims to supply a fixed photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) to plants at each time-step during the day. We also implement our proposed lighting strategy on Raspberry Pi using Python programming language. Our prediction-based lighting approach shows (on average) about 23% electricity cost reduction compared to a heuristic method throughout the year for a site located at West Virginia.

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