scholarly journals Effect of Harvest Time and Fruit Firmness on Red Drupelet Reversion in Blackberry

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mitchell E. Armour ◽  
Margaret Worthington ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Renee T. Threlfall ◽  
Luke Howard
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
The University

Red drupelet reversion (RDR) is a postharvest disorder of blackberries (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) in which fully black drupelets revert to red after harvest. This disorder can negatively impact consumer perception of fresh-market blackberries. The cause of RDR is hypothesized to be related to intracellular damage sustained because of mechanical and environmental stress during and after harvest. Cultivars differ in susceptibility to this disorder; and cultural factors, including nitrogen rate, harvest and shipping practices, and climate during harvest, influence RDR severity. In this 2-year study, seven genotypes (cultivars and advanced selections) developed in the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UA) blackberry breeding program, with a range of fruit textures, were evaluated to determine whether firmness was correlated with RDR. In addition, fruit was harvested at four different times (7:00 am, 10:00 am, 1:00 pm, and 4:00 pm) to investigate whether harvest time influences RDR. All seven genotypes were harvested at the four times on two harvest dates per year and evaluated for RDR and firmness after 1 week of cold storage (5 °C). Fruit harvested early in the day had less RDR, with 7:00 am harvests having the least RDR in both years. Significant genotypic differences in RDR and fruit firmness were found in each year. Firmness was negatively correlated with RDR in 2018 and 2019. These results indicate that growers may be able to reduce the prevalence of RDR by choosing cultivars with firm fruit texture and harvesting early in the day.

scholarly journals “Crispy” Blackberry Genotypes: A Breeding Innovation of the University of Arkansas Blackberry Breeding Program

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra A. Salgado ◽  
John R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Color Reversion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Penetration Force ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
The University

The University of Arkansas (UA) blackberry breeding program began in 1964, with the aim to provide high-quality fruit to the fresh market industry. One of the important traits for successful blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) postharvest handling is flesh firmness, so developing cultivars with high firmness is a top priority for the fresh market blackberry breeding programs across the world. In particular, the Arkansas blackberry program has a wide range of genotypes with exceptional firmness characteristics, including fruit with a unique crispy texture and firmness. During 2013 and 2014, fruit firmness measurements were done on 15 Arkansas genotypes including those with crispy and noncrispy textures. Firmness measurements consisted of fruit compression, skin drupelet penetration, and receptacle penetration. Confocal photos were taken on sections of berries of a subset of crispy and noncrispy genotypes, and color reversion was evaluated among these genotypes after storage. Compression force values differentiated crispy and noncrispy genotypes, with average values of 11.8 Newton (N) and 8.0 N, respectively. Drupelet penetration force was also higher for crispy genotypes averaging 0.23 N and noncrispy 0.15 N; similarly, receptacle penetration force averaged 0.20 N for crispy and 0.18 N for noncrispy genotypes. Visual inspection of fruit tissue revealed that drupelet mesocarp cells and receptacle cells and cell walls of crispy genotypes maintained their structure during ripening and did not break apart, whereas noncrispy genotypes did not maintain their structure and cellular integrity. Color reversion is a postharvest disorder in which drupelets of blackberry fruits turn red after being black at harvest. Therefore, it has a negative impact for growers, shippers, and consumers. After storage at 5 °C for 7 days, crispy genotypes expressed low levels of reversion compared with noncrispy genotypes. For crispy genotypes, 13.2% of drupelets developed color reversion, whereas a 41.0% developed this disorder in noncrispy genotypes, implying a better postharvest potential of this texture.

scholarly journals Physiochemical Changes in Floricane and Primocane Blackberries Harvested from Primocane Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela M. Segantini ◽  
Renee T. Threlfall ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Luke R. Howard ◽  
Cindi R. Brownmiller
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
The University

Fresh-market blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) have a growing global market, with continued release of cultivars to meet demand for consumer-quality fruit. The release of primocane-fruiting blackberry plants that produce crops on both floricanes and primocanes has expanded blackberry production. This study investigated the physiochemical attributes of fresh-market blackberries harvested from two cane types (floricane and primocane) from four primocane genotypes (APF-238, APF-268, ‘Prime-Ark® 45’, and ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’) grown at the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station, Clarksville in 2015 and 2016. Year-to-year differences were evident as blackberries harvested in 2016 were smaller (6 g) and less acidic (0.7% titratable acidity) than berries harvested in 2015 (8 g berries with 0.9% titratable acidity); however, soluble solids in each year were similar (≈10.2%). Differences in genotypes were also a factor. ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ (2015) and APF-268 (2016) had the highest berry firmness (7.8–8.3 N). In both years, APF-238 had the lowest firmness (5.7–6.0 N), highest isocitric acid (0.8–1.1 g/100 g), and highest total anthocyanins (239–353 mg/100 g). Floricane fruit harvested from ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ had the highest berry weights (8.3–10.4 g) in both years. Blackberries harvested from primocanes were wider (21.3–22.9 mm), had higher soluble solids (11.6% to 12.6%), and had lower titratable acidity (0.6%) when compared with floricane fruit in both years. Major year-to-year differences were found for several variables in this study, indicating that environmental effects can be substantial and growers should be aware of this influence on berries harvested from the different cane types. Evaluation of quality properties of floricane and primocane fruit of primocane plants in other locations would be valuable, particularly from areas where commercial blackberry production is established.

scholarly journals `WHITE ROCK' AND `WHITE COUNTY' FRESH-MARKET PEACHES

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 891e-891
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
James N. Moore ◽  
Penelope Perkins-Veazie
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Peach Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Bacterial Spot Resistance ◽  
The University

`White Rock' and `White County' fresh market peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were released in 2004 by the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. These cultivars join `White River' as recent products of the peach breeding program which is based at the University of Arkansas Fruit Substation, Clarksville. Both cultivars are sub- or low-acid types and have white flesh. `White Rock' ripens at on average 25 June, and is very firm at maturity. Average fruit weight was 142 g with 12% soluble solids and light white peach flavor. `White County' ripens on average 14 July. It is large fruited with average weight of 258 g and maintains firmness until full maturity. The fruits are freestone with an excellent white peach flavor. Both cultivars show good bacterial spot resistance although occasional lesions are seen on leaves. These new cultivars offer additional white peach cultivar choices for the mid-South and other areas of similar climate.

scholarly journals A Better Learning Community: Mixed-Methods Reveal Medical Student Preferences with Implications for Learning Community Design and Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 238212052110148
Author(s):  
Jasna Vuk ◽  
Steven McKee ◽  
Sara Tariq ◽  
Priya Mendiratta
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Free Form ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Personal Support ◽  
School Learning ◽  
The University

Background: Medical school learning communities benefit students. The College of Medicine (COM) at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) provides medical students with academic, professional, and personal support through a learning community (LC) made of 7 academic houses. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of the academic house model at UAMS utilizing a mixed-methods survey. The aims were to: (1) assess student experience and satisfaction with academic houses, (2) describe the realms of advising and guidance, and (3) identify areas for improvement. Method: An online survey was assigned to 723 COM students (all students enrolled, first through fourth years) at UAMS in March 2019. The survey was comprised of 25 items (10 multiple-choice, 8 on the Likert scale, and 7 open-ended questions). Data was depicted using frequency and percentages and/or thematic review of free-form responses. Results: The survey response rate was 31% (227 students). The majority of students responding (132, 58.1%) attended 2 or more face-to-face meetings with the faculty advisor within the preceding year. However, 27 (11.9%) students did not have any meetings. Approximately two-thirds of the respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with the guidance and direction provided by their advisors [very satisfied (n = 83; 36.6%); satisfied (n = 77; 33.9%)]. Themes that emerged from student generated areas for improvement include time constraints, advisor/advisee interest mismatch, and perceived inadequacy of advising content/connections. Conclusions: This study confirms the effectiveness of the LC model for advising and mentoring in the COM at UAMS. Uniquely, this study identifies not only learners’ satisfaction with their LC but also highlights areas for improvement which are widely generalizable and important to consider for institutions with or planning to start an LC.

scholarly journals Menghitung Waktu Panen Tanaman Bawang Merah Berbasis Heat Unit pada Pemberian Pupuk Organik di Tanah Gambut

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Djoko Eko Hadi Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Onion Plant ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Heating Unit ◽  
Chicken Feces ◽  
The University ◽  
The Given

Determining of the harvest of onion in the peat soil can be done by using physiological harvest criteria, but calculating the appropriate of harvest time can support the quality of harvesting of the onion plant. This study was conducted by using polybags in research and experiment gardens of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya from April to June in 2016. The given fertilization was an organic fertilizer in peat soil by using stall fertilizer like chicken feces with dosages of 15-30 tons ha-1 (PK) and bokashi of stall fertilizer of chicken feces with a dosage of 2-5 tons ha-1 (BK). The observation was done to the calculation of daily temperature (�C), the average of daily temperature (�C), and the unit of heat (heat unit) (�C day) as long as the cultivation of onion plant. The results showed that the harvest time that appropriate to the harvest physiological criteria in the treatment of BK at the age of 57 days after planting is relatively accurate and appropriate because it has a heating unit for 947,17oC day, and the harvest time that appropriate to the harvest physiological criteria of PK treatment at the age of 59 days after planting is relatively late because it has a heating unit for 978,09oC day.

scholarly journals Book Review: Literature and Politics Today: The Political Nature of Modern Fiction and Drama

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Shannon Pritting
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
The Political ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Politics And Literature ◽  
Literature And Politics ◽  
Modern Fiction ◽  
The University

The editor, M. Keith Booker, Professor of English at the University of Arkansas, has served as editor on many reference works in literature as well as many books on genres and literary movements, specific authors, and other critical works. Booker also edited the last reference work dedicated to literature and politics, Encyclopedia of Literature and Politics: Censorship, Evolution, and Writing, a three-volume set published in 2005 by Greenwood, which is surprisingly the only current reference work dedicated solely to examining the connection between literature and politics. There are many recent book-length critical works on literature and politics, but these monographs typically focus on a genre or other refined topic such as a literary movement or single author. The compact single-volume Literature and Politics Today is a welcome addition to reference work in literature and politics. Certainly, other reference works in literary criticism cover some of the topics related to the intersection of politics and literature, but do not have the political focus of Literature and Politics Today.

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