‘Yorizane’: A New Self-compatible Almond Cultivar Suitable for California Production

Salmonellosis outbreaks related to consumption of raw almonds have encouraged the scientific community to study the inactivation kinetics of pathogens in this dry commodity. However, the low moisture content of the product presents a challenge for thermal control, because the time required to achieve the desired thermal inactivation of microorganisms increases sharply with reduced moisture content and water activity. In this study, we explored and modeled the heat inactivation of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT 30 in almond cultivar ‘Nonpareil’ kernel flour at four water activity (aw) values (0.601, 0.720, 0.888, and 0.946) using four temperatures for each aw. The results showed that the inactivation was well fitted by both Weibull distribution (R2 = 0.93 to 1.00) and first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.82 to 0.96). At higher aw values, the rate of inactivation increased and less time was needed to achieve the required population reduction. These results suggest that, to avoid deterioration of product quality, shorter process times at lower temperatures may be used to achieve desired inactivation levels of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 by simply increasing the moisture content of almonds. These goals could be achieved with the use of existing procedures already practiced by the food industry, such as washing or prewetting scalding before heat inactivation.

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Chilling and heat requirements of ‘Tardona’, the latest flowering almond cultivar released in the world

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2019.1231.2 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

A.S. Prudencio ◽

P. Martínez-Gómez ◽

F. Dicenta

Keyword(s):

The World ◽

Heat Requirements ◽

Almond Cultivar

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Comparison of SHD and Open-Center Training Systems in Almond Tree Orchards cv. ‘Soleta’

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120874 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 874

Author(s):

José Casanova-Gascón ◽

Marcos Figueras-Panillo ◽

Ignasi Iglesias-Castellarnau ◽

Pablo Martín-Ramos

Keyword(s):

Fruit Weight ◽

Training System ◽

Planting Density ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Almond Tree ◽

Training Systems ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

Canopy Volume ◽

Olive Trees ◽

Almond Cultivar

The increase in the demand for almonds, the development of novel self-fertile and late-flowering varieties, and the establishment of plantations in new irrigated areas have led to significant progress in the productive techniques of almond tree cultivation. One of the most important has been the increase in planting density, due to the development of dwarfing rootstocks. This paper presents a comparison between two training systems with ‘Soleta’ almond cultivar: a super high density (SHD) system using Rootpac-20 dwarfing rootstock versus an open-center training system using GF-677 rootstock. To this end, several parameters related to chlorophyll content (fluorescence and SPAD) and light interception (from photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measurements) were monitored throughout two vegetative cycles, and other productive conditions (flowering, fruit set and production) were tracked at specific times of the cycle. The open-center system resulted in higher PAR interception than the SHD system, but also in the presence of poorly illuminated fractions of the canopy. Differences were observed between both systems in terms of average fruit weight and yield per canopy volume. Lower yields were obtained in SHD system than in open-center, which may be significantly increased by adapting the inter-row spacing. However, the degree of efficiency in the use of resources or productive inputs, such as irrigation, was favorable to the new SHD training system, so its potential to become a reference system in modern plantations (using over-the-row harvesters similar to those used for vine and olive trees) seems promising.

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Characterization of the S-Locus Region of Almond (Prunus dulcis): Analysis of a Somaclonal Mutant and a Cosmid Contig for an S Haplotype

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/158.1.379 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 158 (1) ◽

pp. 379-386

Author(s):

Koichiro Ushijima ◽

Hidenori Sassa ◽

Mihoko Tamura ◽

Makoto Kusaba ◽

Ryutaro Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Blot ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

S Locus ◽

Extra Copy ◽

Physical Limit ◽

Cosmid Contig ◽

Almond Cultivar ◽

Insight Into ◽

Somaclonal Mutant

Abstract Almond has a self-incompatibility system that is controlled by an S locus consisting of the S-RNase gene and an unidentified “pollen S gene.” An almond cultivar “Jeffries,” a somaclonal mutant of “Nonpareil” (ScSd), has a dysfunctional Sc haplotype both in pistil and pollen. Immunoblot and genomic Southern blot analyses detected no Sc haplotype-specific signal in Jeffries. Southern blot showed that Jeffries has an extra copy of the Sd haplotype. These results indicate that at least two mutations had occurred to generate Jeffries: (1) deletion of the Sc haplotype and (2) duplication of the Sd haplotype. To analyze the extent of the deletion in Jeffries and gain insight into the physical limit of the S locus region, ∼200 kbp of a cosmid contig for the Sc haplotype was constructed. Genomic Southern blot analyses showed that the deletion in Jeffries extends beyond the region covered by the contig. Most cosmid end probes, except those near the Sc-RNase gene, cross-hybridized with DNA fragments from different S haplotypes. This suggests that regions away from the Sc-RNase gene can recombine between different S haplotypes, implying that the cosmid contig extends to the borders of the S locus.

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EFFECT OF DIFFERNT ROOTSTOCKS AND GRAFTING DATES ON OM-EL FAHM ALMOND, CULTIVAR AS PROPAGATED ON SANDY SOILS

Journal of Plant Production ◽

10.21608/jpp.2012.84050 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 253-268

Author(s):

K. Eassa

Keyword(s):

Sandy Soils ◽

Almond Cultivar

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Evaluation of Phenological and Agronomical Traits of Different Almond Grafting Combinations under Testing in Central Italy

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11121252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1252

Author(s):

Aniello Luca Pica ◽

Cristian Silvestri ◽

Valerio Cristofori

Keyword(s):

Central Italy ◽

High Density ◽

Bud Break ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Moderate Risk ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Almond Cultivar ◽

Agronomical Traits ◽

Vegetative Bud ◽

Dwarfing Rootstocks

In the new introducing almond areas, it is necessary to test the more promising almond cultivar and rootstock combinations able to guarantee the best agronomic performances according to the specific pedoclimatic conditions. With this aim, two almond trials have been established in an experimental farm located in the Latium region (Italy). The first trial (A) focused on the phenological, and agronomical influences induced by the clonal rootstock ‘GF677’ on the grafted cultivars ‘Tuono’, ‘Supernova’ and ‘Genco’, in comparison to those induced by peach seedling rootstocks, in order to identify the best grafting combination for developing “high density” plantings in this new growing area. The second trial (B) tested the phenological and agronomical influences induced by three different clonal rootstocks (‘GF677’, ‘Rootpac® 20’ and ‘Rootpac® R’), on the Spanish cultivar ‘Guara’ to identify suitable dwarfing rootstocks for “super high density” plantings in the same environment. Flowering and ripening calendars of the trial A highlighted as the medium-late flowering cultivars ‘Genco’, ‘Supernova’ and ‘Tuono’ could be subject to moderate risk of cold damages. The clonal rootstock ‘GF677’ seems to anticipate flowering and vegetative bud break by a few days in ‘Tuono’ when compared to the same cultivar grafted on peach seedling rootstocks. Furthermore, the yield per plant was always higher in plants grafted on ‘GF677’. The observations carried out in trial B highlighted as the flowering of cultivar ‘Guara’ were affected by the rootstock, with ‘Rootpac® 20’, which postponed its full bloom of about one week when compared to other rootstocks, whereas ‘GF677’ imposed more vigor to the cultivar than ‘Rootpac® 20’ and ‘Rootpac® R’.

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