scholarly journals Effect of Different Fruit-thinning Patterns on Crop Efficiency and Fruit Quality for Greenhouse-forced `May Glo' Nectarine Trees

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-415
Author(s):  
T. Caruso ◽  
P. Inglese ◽  
C. Di Vaio ◽  
L.S. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Solids Content

Fruit thinning is the most effective tool in regulating fruit growth potential for early-ripening peach and nectarine (Prunus persica) cultivars, and the common strategy is to space fruit 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 11.8 inches) throughout the canopy, while scarce attention to the canopy environment in which the fruit develops. It is likely that different light environments within the canopy require different thinning patterns and to test this hypothesis, an experiment was set up to evaluate various fruit thinning patterns (fruit densities) in relation to fruit location within the canopy of early-ripening `May Glo' nectarine trees trained to Y-shape. Differentiated fruit thinning resulted in higher yield efficiency due to a higher fruit number and average fruit weight. Differentiated thinning hastened fruit harvest and shortened the harvest period. Differentiated thinning reduced fruit variability within the tree in terms of size and soluble solids content, resulting in a higher crop value.

scholarly journals Peach Fruit Quality Is Affected by Shade during Final Swell of Fruit Growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Donald Sowers ◽  
Michele Choma Marini
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
The Relationship

Girdled or nongirdled `Biscoe' peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) secondary scaffold branches were covered with shade fabric to provide a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) from 44 to 20 days before harvest (DBH), from 20 to 0 DBH or 44 to 0 DBH. Fruit quality was affected differently by the various periods of shade during the final swell of fruit development. Shading 40 to 20 DBH did not affect fruit weight or quality, whereas shading 44 to 0 DBH had the greatest effect on fruit weight and quality. Fruit quality was generally similar on branches exposed to 100% and 45% incident PPFD (IPPFD). Fruit on” girdled branches generally responded to shade more than fruit on nongirdled branches. Fruit weight was positively related to percent IPPFD for girdfed but not nongirdled branches shaded 20 to 0 DBH and 44 to DBH. On nongirdled branches, fruit exposed to 45% IPPFD for 44 to 0 DBH had 14% less red color and 21% lower soluble solids content (SSC) than nonshaded fruit. Harvest was delayed >10 days and preharvest fruit drop was increased by shading to <23% IPPFD. Shading branches for 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH altered the relationship between flesh firmness and ground color: Firmness declined as ground color changed from green to yellow for fruit shaded 44 to 20 DBH, but firmness declined with little change in ground color for fruit shaded 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH. Girdling results indicated that fruit weight and SSC partially depended on photosynthate from nonshaded portions of the canopy, whereas fruit redness, days from bloom to harvest, and ground color depended on PPFD in the vicinity of the fruit.

scholarly journals Influence of plum rootstocks on agronomic performance, leaf mineral nutrition and fruit quality of ‘Catherina’ peach cultivar in heavy-calcareous soil conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Mestre ◽  
Gemma Reig ◽  
Jesús A. Betrán ◽  
María-Ángeles Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Ebro Valley ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Solids Content

The agronomic performance and leaf mineral nutrition of the non-melting clingstone peach cv. ‘Catherina’ was evaluated on seven hexaploid plum rootstocks, as well as one Prunus persica seedling. They were assessed over a period of 15 years in a field trial at the Experimental Station of Aula Dei-CSIC (Zaragoza, Spain), located in the Ebro Valley (NE Spain). Growing conditions generated varying levels of tree mortality, the highest with Constantí 1, Monpol and Montizo, whereas all Adesoto, GF 655/2 and PM 105 AD trees survived well. GF 655/2 and P. Soto 67 AD proved to be the most dwarfing rootstocks, while Constantí 1 and Monpol were the most invigorating and generated greater cumulative yields. However, the highest yield efficiency was recorded on GF 655/2 and Montizo, although they did not differ significantly from Adesoto and P. Soto 67 AD. The highest average values for fruit weight were observed on PM 105 AD and the lowest on GF 655/2, but they did not differ significantly from the rest of the rootstocks. The highest average values for the soluble solids content was observed on the Pollizo rootstocks Adesoto and PM 105 AD, followed by P. Soto 67 AD. All rootstocks induced N deficiency, with the exception of Constantí 1, GF 655/2 and Montizo, and iron deficiency, except PM 105 AD. The invigorating rootstock Constantí 1 seems to induce higher SPAD values. According to the ΣDOP index, Montizo presented the most suitable balanced nutritional index, but it did not differ significantly from the rest of the rootstocks except GF 655/2 and P. Soto 67 AD.

scholarly journals Rootstock Affects the Fruit Quality of ‘Early Bigi’ Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2317
Author(s):  
Valter Martins ◽  
Vânia Silva ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Sílvia Afonso ◽  
Ivo Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Solids Content

The cherry rootstock influences the performance of the scion cultivar. It has an effect on cherry fruit quality, tree growth, yield and yield efficiency and floral and foliar nutrition. In this work, the influence of Saint Lucie 64 and Maxma 60 rootstocks on the fruit quality traits of cv. Early Bigi was evaluated. For this, several parameters, namely fruit weight (FW) and size (FS), soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), flesh firmness (FF), epidermis rupture force (ERF), color and sensory profile, were assessed. Results showed that the fruits from trees on Saint Lucie 64 presented higher FF and ERF values and, consequently, better texture. On the other hand, fruits from trees on Maxma 60 showed sweeter cherries (higher SSC). Moreover, these trees presented the darkest cherries (lower values of L*, a*, b*, C* and hue°) and the highest SSC. Therefore, although the trees on Saint Lucie 64 produced firmer cherries, it was those with the Maxma 60 rootstock that produced sweeter and darker fruits. In conclusion, both scion–rootstock combinations proved to be good options for the region of Resende.

scholarly journals Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherry Cultivars Grafted on Four Different Rootstocks

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Simon ◽  
K. Hrotkó ◽  
L. Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

A rootstock trial planted at the Szigetcsep experimental station in 1989 involved the study of two cultivars- `Germersdorfi FL 45' and 'Van' -grafted on four different rootstocks — 'Colt', `MxM 14 — Brokforest', `MxM 97 — Brokgrow' and 'Saint Lucie 64' as a control. The trees were trained to the "Modified Brunner-spindle" system and came into bearing in 1993. The yield per tree, fruit weight and fruit diameter have been measured each year since then. The refractivity, the acid content of the fruit juice, fruit cracking after four hours' dipping in water and stone weight ratio have also been measured since 1995. In 1997 and 1998 these parameters as well as fruit cracking after 24 hours' dipping were measured. Fruit firmness and fruit colour were also estimated. In almost every observed parameter significant differences were found between the scion cultivars. Yield efficiency was significantly higher on 'NUM 14' and 'Saint Lucie 64' than on the other two rootstocks. As regards fruit weight, in both cultivars and over an average of six years, it was found that trees on low yielding tree on 'Colt' rootstock had the highest fruit weight values and on heavy producing `MxM 14' the smallest. Soluble solids content was higher on 'Colt' and `MxM 97'. No significant differences between the rootstocks were found in acid content of the fruit juice. There were significant differences between the rootstocks in fruit cracking after 4 and 24 hours' dipping in water. Seemingly with respect to cultivars and rootstocks the year has a considerable effect on fruit cracking.

scholarly journals Orchard performance and fruit quality of 50 apple cultivars grown or tested in commercial orchards of the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek ◽  
I. Hlušičková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Good Productivity

Tree vigour, occurrence of mildew and scab, yields, yield efficiency, fruit weight, flesh firmness and soluble solids content of apple trees on M 9 rootstock were monitored between 1998–2005 in 42 commercial orchards situated in all the major growing regions of the Czech Republic. Altogether 50 cultivars were included into the evaluation. The characteristics of newly bred or newly introduced cultivars were compared to the cultivars of standard assortment such as Gloster, Golden Delicious, Idared, Jonagold, Melrose, Rubín and Šampion. The group of late ripening cultivars imported from France (Baujade, Early Smith, Granny Smith and Red Winter) proved to be unsuitable for climatic conditions of the Czech Republic. Cultivars of the Rubín group (Bohemia, Gold Bohemia) showed a better quality of fruits than the cultivars of the Jonagold group, but were significantly inferior regarding yields and yield efficiency. The cultivars Rucla, Pinova and Rubinstep seemed to be potential competitors of Jonagold or Rubín; their fruit quality is similar to Rubín, and their yield efficiency is comparable to that of Jonagold. Topaz, which is resistant to scab and has recently spread in the Czech Republic, is specific for its early yield and a very good productivity observed in a majority of the orchards. In addition, characteristics of other evaluated cultivars and their potential prospects for growing in the Czech Republic are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherry Cultivars Grafted on Four Different Rootstocks

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon G. ◽  
Hrotkó K. ◽  
Magyar L.
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

A rootstock trial planted at the Szigetcsep experimental station in 1989 involved the study of two cultivars- `Germersdorfi FL 45' and 'Van' -grafted on four different rootstocks — 'Colt', `MxM 14 — Brokforest', `MxM 97 — Brokgrow' and 'Saint Lucie 64' as a control. The trees were trained to the "Modified Brunner-spindle" system and came into bearing in 1993. The yield per tree, fruit weight and fruit diameter have been measured each year since then. The refractivity, the acid content of the fruit juice, fruit cracking after four hours' dipping in water and stone weight ratio have also been measured since 1995. In 1997 and 1998 these parameters as well as fruit cracking after 24 hours' dipping were measured. Fruit firmness and fruit colour were also estimated. In almost every observed parameter significant differences were found between the scion cultivars. Yield efficiency was significantly higher on 'NUM 14' and 'Saint Lucie 64' than on the other two rootstocks. As regards fruit weight, in both cultivars and over an average of six years, it was found that trees on low yielding tree on 'Colt' rootstock had the highest fruit weight values and on heavy producing `MxM 14' the smallest. Soluble solids content was higher on 'Colt' and `MxM 97'. No significant differences between the rootstocks were found in acid content of the fruit juice. There were significant differences between the rootstocks in fruit cracking after 4 and 24 hours' dipping in water. Seemingly with respect to cultivars and rootstocks the year has a considerable effect on fruit cracking.

scholarly journals Pomological and technological characteristics of collected selections of cherry plum Prunus cerasifera Erhr.

Genetika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rade Miletic ◽  
Mihajlo Zikic ◽  
Nevena Mitic ◽  
Radomirka Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Stone Characteristics ◽  
Initial Objective

A plantation collection containing 32 genotypes selected from spontaneous populations of cherry plum Prunus cerasifera Erhr. was set up in the region of the Eastern Serbian town of Svrljig. The fruit trees budded from Prunus cerasifera seedlings and were planted at 5x4 m spacing on a mild slope of south-western aspect. This study shows the most important characteristics of the 19 selections in the collection, and the average results recorded in the 2000-2003 period. The most significant characteristics of the trees, their productivity, and fruit and stone characteristics are presented. The average coarseness of fruits, i.e. their length, width and thickness, measured 25.0x 24.4x25.0 mm, while stone coarseness was 14.4x10.3x3.6 mm. The average fruit weight was 12.1 g (24.3-4.8 g), and stone weight 0.85 g (2.2-0.3 g). Depending on fruit and stone weight, the mesocarp content was 93% (96.3-90.3%). Taking into consideration the possibility of fruit exploitation for the production of biologically high-quality food, the mesocarp chemical composition was thoroughly examined. The fruits were found to have increased contents of total acids, achieving an average of 3.09% (3.44-2.60%), which was the initial objective of this selection. Total solids content was 13.5% (16.2-10.3%), total soluble solids 12.5% (14.5-9.5%) and total sugars 6.00% (11.45-3.14%). Considering these characteristics, the selections that were singled out deserve more attention in terms of preserving their biodiversity, forming a gene bank and commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Christopher Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Weed Competition on Apple Fruit Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin ATAY ◽  
Seckin GARGIN ◽  
Ahmet ESITKEN ◽  
N. Pinar GUZEL ◽  
A. Nilgun ATAY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Orchard performance is influenced by weed competition. In this study, the effects of weed competition on nutrient contents, chemical and physical fruit quality properties were sought. The study was carried out in a high-density apple orchard (‘Golden Delicious’/M.9) over two consecutive growing seasons. The effect of weed competition was studied at three different levels: weak, moderate and strong. Fruit firmness, soluble solids content, macronutrients (such as nitrogen, potassium and calcium) and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio in fruit were significantly affected by weed competition. Strong weed competition negatively affected soluble solids content and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. In both trial years, soluble solids content was significantly higher in weak weed competition. In the first year of the study, soluble solids content ranged between 13.77±0.06% (strong weed competition) and 15.20±0.10% (weak weed competition). In the following year, soluble solids content values were determined as 13.13±0.23% in strong weed competition and 13.83±0.21% in weak weed competition. Weak weed competition showed superiority for fruit weight and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. As a whole, this study indicates that insufficient weed control in tree rows might be a limiting factor for fruit quality in high-density apple orchards.

Experiments on the Mechanical Harvesting of Litchi and its Effects on Litchi Storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1529-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizu Wang ◽  
Huazhong Lu ◽  
Changki Mo ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
Cameron Jay Hohimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Detachment Force ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Fruiting Branch ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Different Characteristics

Abstract. This article presents a fruiting branch shaker designed for litchi ( Sonn.) harvesting and field testing results of the mechanical shaker with abscission chemical treatment. During the mature litchi season, mechanical harvesting experiments were conducted on Feizixiao litchi trees with and without applying the abscission chemical (Ethrel, 2-chloroethyl phosphoric acid). Fruit detachment force (FDF) and fruit weight (W) were measured to determine the effect of chemical treatment on the FDF/W ratio. Fruits harvested by different methods were transported to the laboratory in Guangzhou city and stored at 6°C. Testing results showed that more than 88% of litchi fruits untreated with the chemical were removed at a frequency of 26 or 32 Hz and that the harvesting rate was roughly 3.5 times greater than that of hand harvesting. Application of the abscission chemical increased the removal percentage and harvesting rate of litchi fruits by about 10% while showing a decreased damage rate. Storage tests also indicated no significantly different characteristics between untreated fruits harvested by the shaker and by hand. However, there were significant differences between treated fruits and untreated fruit in browning index and total soluble solids content. Keywords: Abscission chemical, Detachment force, Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), Mechanical harvest, Multi-finger branch shaking.

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