scholarly journals Response of Rockwool-grown Greenhouse Cucumber, Tomato, and Pepper to Kinetin Foliar Sprays

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Papadopoulos ◽  
U. Saha ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
S. Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Growing Conditions

Encouraging results from previous trials on field vegetables led to the expectation that a kinetin foliar spray from the commercial product KIN-Gro (5000 ppm kinetin) on greenhouse vegetables would positively affect their growth and productivity. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the usefulness of this product on rockwool-grown `Bodega' cucumber (Cucumis sativus), `Rapsodie' tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), and `4-Ever' and `444' pepper (Capsicum annuum) at the Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Ont. Two replicated experiments were conducted to study the effect of kinetin spray on growth and production of all three crops: the first in Spring-Summer 2004 and the second in Fall-Winter 2004. Foliar sprays of kinetin at 2.5, 5, and 10 ppm concentrations were tested against a water spray (control) on each crop. A 2.5-ppm kinetin spray had beneficial effects on the growth of cucumber transplants (taller plants and greater leaf area and fresh weight of leaves and stems). Furthermore, this treatment resulted in higher marketable yield in the Spring-Summer crop and in larger fruit size in the Fall-Winter crop. Regression analysis showed that cucumber marketable yield had an overall quadratic response to kinetin spray concentration in Spring-Summer season maximizing at 5.1 ppm kinetin. Kinetin spray also had beneficial effects on the growth of tomato seedlings, but not on yield. On the other hand, significant beneficial effects were observed on the growth of pepper seedlings and on marketable yield and fruit quality. Regression analysis showed that the response of pepper marketable yield to kinetin spray concentration was positive and linear. It must be noted that, given the rather short-term nature of our experiments, the observed beneficial effects of the kinetin sprays on yield can only be interpreted as beneficial effects on early yield rather than on the total yield. We concluded that under our growing conditions, cucumber production would benefit from a dilute (2.5 ppm) kinetin spray, and pepper production from a high concentration spray (10 ppm); tomato transplant growth will also benefit from a kinetin spray at 2.5 ppm. The results of this study could be of considerable significance to the greenhouse vegetable industry.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Foliar Sprays of Bacteriophages for the Management of Bacterial Canker in Greenhouse Tomatoes

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Ingram ◽  
Shi-En Lu
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

AgriPhage applied as a preventative foliar spray significantly reduced severity of bacterial canker of greenhouse tomato in two of three years. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) indicated that AgriPhage slowed the progression of bacterial canker symptom development by 50% and 59% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Plant mortality was significantly reduced by 76% in 2006 as compared to the inoculated control. AgriPhage-treated plants produced significantly greater total yield in 2006 only. Copper and Kasumin sprays also significantly reduced severity (AUDPC) of bacterial canker in 2007 as compared to the inoculated control. However, none of these treatments reduced symptom development or increased yield in 2008. Accepted for publication 9 April 2009. Published 12 May 2009.

Irrigation of greenhouse tomatoes grown in "Harrow" peat-bags

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Chin S. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Three spring and two fall crops of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill; various cultivars) grown in "Harrow" peat bags were irrigated 1, 4, 8 or 16 times daily. All plants received the same volume of fertilizer solution which varied with time from 0.2 to 1.0 L plant−1 d−1 according to crop and environmental conditions. The results showed little or no effect of irrigation frequency on early or total yield, number of grade no. 1 fruit, or fruit size. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, marketable yield

scholarly journals Effect on Yield and Quality of a Simple System to Recycle Nutrient Solution to Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent ◽  
Michael R. Short
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Growth Product ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Dietary Value

Recycling the nutrient solution used for greenhouse vegetable production can prevent groundwater pollution. Recycling could result in an accumulation or deficiency of elements that would be deleterious to plant growth, product quality, and the dietary value of vegetables. Complex fertilizer systems have been developed to maintain appropriate concentrations of all elements in recycled systems. We compared a much simpler system in which all excess solution drained from the plants was recycled without adjustment or dilution compared with a system with no recycling as a control. Crops of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) were grown in two years to compare these systems. Differences in composition of solution drained from the plants developed gradually over more than one month. The transition from vegetative to fruit growth, which coincided with warmer weather, resulted in a decreased demand for nitrate, and other nutrients, and an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) of water drained from the root zone. The composition of the fresh solution supplied to the plants was adjusted accordingly. It took a longer time to re-establish an optimum composition for recycled compared with control watering. EC tended to increase in the recycled system. Recycling decreased total yield and fruit size, but marketable yield was unaffected. The marketable fraction increased in the recycled treatment, primarily as a result of fewer fruit with cracked skin. This effect was consistent across seven cultivars. The cultivars differed in this and other defects, but they did not differ in their response to the two watering systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Degree and Duration of Shade on Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Simultaneous Comparisons

Some amount of shade may be optimal to produce high-quality tomatoes in a greenhouse during summer months in the northeast United States. Simultaneous comparisons were made among greenhouse sections that were either not shaded or covered with reflective aluminized shadecloth that attenuated 15%, 30%, or 50% of direct sunlight. The shadecloth was applied at the start of warm weather in June. The houses were shaded for the rest of the summer, and fruit was picked until late August. Total yield decreased linearly with increasing shade, but there was no significant difference among shade treatments in marketable yield. The fraction of fruit that was marketable was greatest for plants grown under 50% shade. This fraction was 9% greater than in a greenhouse with no shade in 2003 and 7% greater in 2004 and 2005. Cracked skin was the defect most affected by shade. Among sensitive cultivars, up to 35% of the fruit produced in greenhouses with no shade had cracked skin, whereas in greenhouses covered with 50% shade, only 24% to 26% of the tomatoes had cracked skin. There was no consistent trend for shade density in the fraction of fruit with green shoulder, blossom end rot, or irregular shape. The effect of shade increased with duration of shading. There was no effect of 50% shade compared with no shade on total yield within 20 days, but yield decreased by 20% in the interval from 25 to 45 days after shading and by 30% after 50 or more days of shading in 2005. Marketable yield only decreased after more than 45 days of shading for cultivars that were not sensitive to cracked skin or uneven ripening. Shade decreased fruit size over the entire season only in 2003. In general, shading increased the fraction of marketable tomato fruit without affecting fruit size.

scholarly journals Potassium Application and Leaf Sufficiency Level for Fresh-market Tomatoes Grown on a Midwestern United States Fine-textured Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) response to potassium (K) fertilization on a well-drained, central Iowa loam soil testing low in exchangeable K was evaluated over a 3-year period. Each year the experimental design was a factorial, split-plot randomized complete block with K rate as the whole unit (0 to 332 lb/acre). The subunit was cultivar, either `Mountain Spring' (determinate growth habit) or `Jet Star' (indeterminate growth habit). Fruit harvest began the first week of August and continued weekly for 5 to 8 weeks. For all years there was a significant K rate and cultivar effect for all parameters, but no interaction except for marketable fruit size and unmarketable fruit produced. Increasing the K rate to 103 lb/acre increased fruit size of both cultivars to a maximum of 8.9 oz, but year accounted for greater fruit size difference than the choice of cultivar. Maximum marketable yield for both cultivars occurred at 220 lb/acre K with `Jet Star' producing 13% more fruit than `Mountain Spring', 359 vs. 319 cwt/acre, respectively. Cullage was high, mostly as a result of blotchy ripening disorders, with `Jet Star' consistently producing more culls than `Mountain Spring'. Increasing K rate did not reduce the percentage of culls, which remained constant at about 29% of total yield. Whole-leaf K and leaf petiole sap K levels linearly increased with additional K rate for the two sample periods at flowering and mid-harvest. The whole-leaf K sufficiency level for both cultivars at the flowering stage of growth was determined to be 3.15% and dropped to 1.30% K by mid-harvest. Critical petiole leaf sap K values (using a dilution of 1:1 sap to water) could not be determined at flowering, but at mid-harvest the critical value was about 2200 to 2800 ppm K.

Effect of Bicyclopyrone on Triploid Watermelon in Plasticulture

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Bertucci ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

AbstractField studies were conducted to determine watermelon tolerance and yield response when treated with bicyclopyrone preplant (PREPLANT), POST, and POST-directed (POST-DIR). Treatments consisted of two rates of bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ai ha–1), fomesafen (175 g ai ha–1), S-metolachlor (802 g ai ha–1), and a nontreated check. Preplant treatments were applied to formed beds 1 d prior to transplanting and included bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) and fomesafen (175 g ha–1), and new polyethylene mulch was subsequently laid above treated beds. POST and POST-DIR treatments were applied 14 ± 1 d after watermelon transplanting and included bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) POST and POST-DIR, and S-metolachlor (802 g ai ha–1) POST-DIR. POST-DIR treatments were applied to row middles, ensuring that no herbicide contacted watermelon vines or polyethylene mulch. At 2 wk after transplanting (WAT), 15% foliar bleaching was observed in watermelon treated with bicyclopyrone (50 g ha–1) PRE. At 3 WAT, bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) POST caused 16% and 17% foliar bleaching and 8% and 9% crop stunting, respectively. At 4 WAT, initial injury had subsided and bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) POST caused 4% and 4% foliar bleaching and 4% and 8% crop stunting, respectively. No symptoms of bleaching or stunting were observed at 6- and 8-WAT ratings. Watermelon total yield, marketable yield, total fruit number, marketable fruit number, and average fruit size were unaffected by herbicide treatments. Therefore, registration of bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) PREPLANT, POST, and POST-DIR would offer watermelon producers a safe herbicide option and a novel mode of action for weed management.

Effect of Planting Method, Mulch, and Rowcover Combinations on Yield and Fruit Quality of `Earliqueen' Muskmelon

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 475a-475
Author(s):  
David T. Handley ◽  
Sheri I. Koller ◽  
James F. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Planting Method

Three techniques to enhance the development and yield of `Earliqueen' muskmelon, including transplanting, plastic mulch, and rowcovers, were applied in all combinations to determine which practice or practices offered the most beneficial effects on early maturity, and total marketable yield. Using transplants (two true leaf stage) as opposed to direct seeding had the greatest effect on increasing early yield. Black plastic mulch also significantly increased early yield. Rowcovers did not provide an overall increase in early yield, although the highest early yield was achieved from the transplant/mulch/rowcover combination. Black plastic mulch had the greatest effect on total marketable yield. Transplanting also significantly increased total yield. A slight increase observed for rowcover treatments was not significant. The combination of transplanting/plastic mulch/rowcover produced the highest marketable yield of any treatment. Direct seeding combined with no mulch produced the lowest yields and the lowest percent of marketable fruit. Under the conditions of a prolonged, cool, cloudy spring, followed by a hot, dry summer, the use of transplants and black plastic mulch provided significant increases in marketable yield of `Earliqueen' muskmelons. Rowcovers did not provide significant yield effects, probably due to low light levels during the early growth period.

scholarly journals Effect of Shade on Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 759A-759
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent*
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Shading a greenhouse increased the fraction of tomatoes that were marketable, and the marketable yield, in a comparison of greenhouse tomato yields across years, in some of which the greenhouses were shaded. In 2003, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes were compared directly when grown in spring and summer in Connecticut in identical greenhouses that differed only in the degree of shade. Each half of four greenhouses was either unshaded or shaded using reflective aluminized shade cloth rated to reduced light transmission by 15%, 30%, or 50%. Each shade treatment was repeated in two houses. Tomatoes were germinated in February and transplanted in March The houses were shaded when fruit began to ripen in early June. Picking continued through August. The effect of shade on total yield developed gradually. Yields in June were unaffected by shade, but in August yield under no shade was about 30% higher than under 50% shade. In contrast, there was an immediate effect of shade on fruit size. Fruit picked in June from plants under 50% shade was 16% smaller than from plants grown under no shade. This difference declined later in the season, to 6 and 9%, in July and August respectively. The highest yield of marketable fruit in 2003 was picked from houses under no shade, but this was only 10% more than picked from the houses under 50% shade. Shade increased the fraction of marketable fruit, from 54% under no shade to 63% under 50% shade. Certain defects were decreased by shade. For instance the fraction of fruit with cracked skin was decreased from 33% to 25%. In general, effects on fruit quality varied linearly with the degree of applied shade.

scholarly journals Low Tunnel and Cultivar Effects on Day-neutral Strawberry Yield and Characteristics in New Hampshire

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Orde ◽  
Rebecca Grube Sideman
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Low Tunnels

Day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) cultivars show promise for extending the fruiting season and increasing production in the northeastern United States, but published research on cultivar yield in the region is lacking. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effects of low tunnels on yield, fruit, and plant characteristics. We evaluated eight day-neutral cultivars (Albion, Aromas, Cabrillo, Monterey, Portola, San Andreas, Seascape, and Sweet Ann) on open beds and under low tunnels in two separate experiments conducted in 2017 and 2018. Cultivars began producing ripe fruit within 10 weeks of planting in both years, and continued producing fruit without interruption for 20 weeks (2017) and 18 weeks (2018). Annual total yield ranged from 234.9 to 497.8 g/plant and marketable yield ranged 126.4 to 389.1 g/plant, depending on cultivar and year. Cultivar significantly affected the percent marketable yield, late season yield, fruit size, soluble solids content (SSC), runner emergence, and plant size. Except for the cultivar Sweet Ann, low tunnels did not increase season-long marketable or total yield, but did increase the percent marketable yield for all cultivars in 2017, and most cultivars in 2018. Furthermore, marketable yield was significantly greater under low tunnels than open beds during 6 late-season weeks in 2018. Fruit SSC was greater under low tunnels in 2018, and low tunnels reduced runner emergence for certain cultivars. Season-long average air temperatures were higher under low tunnels, but the greatest temperature differences occurred when low tunnels were closed. We demonstrate that day-neutral cultivars can produce high annual yields in New England, but that cultivar selection is paramount.

scholarly journals (26) Selecting Highly Colored Bell Peppers for Fresh-market Specialty Growers

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075A-1075
Author(s):  
William B. Evans ◽  
Christine E. Coker ◽  
Kent E. Cushman ◽  
Thomas E. Horgan ◽  
Keri L. Paridon
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Color Uniformity ◽  
Significant Difference

Three years of trials in Mississippi have led to the naming of a Mississippi Medallion vegetable award winner for 2007, the fourth vegetable winner in the program's history. The Medallion program looks for garden crops that will perform throughout the state of Mississippi and help improve sales of plant materials to gardeners at retail. The Medallion selection process illustrates how growers and marketers, not just gardeners, can select specialty vegetables and cultivars for production and sale. Between 2003 and 2005, the Mississippi Medallion trials evaluated 11 sweet peppers with no green fruit stage for ornamental and yield value. Each site had three or four replications of all cultivars under evaluation annually with four plants per plot set out on raised beds with drip irrigation. Objective evaluation included total yield, marketable yield, fruit size, and days to harvest. Subjective evaluation included crop uniformity, pest tolerance, and appearance of the fruit based on color, uniformity, and shape. After nine trials, four cultivars were among the highest-yielding group in most trials: Mavras, Tequilla, Blushing Beauty, and Gypsy. The Medallion winner, to be announced in Fall 2006, was selected in part because it was within or near the top-yielding group, by least significant difference, in most trials. The perceived attractiveness of the mature fruit to the evaluating team and the perceived potential marketability of the cultivar moved it above the others under consideration. The reasons for not selecting other cultivars as the winner are as important as the reasons for selecting the winning cultivar. In the Medallion pepper case, these were mostly marketability concerns with the other cultivars, not yield issues, relative to that of the winner.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document