scholarly journals Cold Storage to Control Codling Moth Larvae in Fresh Apples

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Hansen ◽  
M.A. Watkins ◽  
M.L. Heidt ◽  
P.A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Malus Sylvestris

Codling moth [Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)], found in exported apples (Malus sylvestris), can disrupt international markets. Cold storage at 1.1 °C was examined for possible control of three physiological larval states in ‘Fuji’ apples: diapausing (overwintering), diapause-destined, and nondiapausing. All nondiapausing larvae were dead within 12 weeks, diapaused-destined larvae were controlled by the seventh week, yet more than half of the original populations of diapausing larvae were still alive after 11 weeks. Because the diapaused-destined larvae were younger than the nondiapausing larvae, they may have been more susceptible to cold. Because larvae normally diapause outside the fruit, cold storage would not be applicable for controlling larvae in this state.

The effect of cold storage of mass-reared codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on subsequent flight capacity

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matveev ◽  
J.J. Kwon ◽  
G.J.R. Judd ◽  
M.L. Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Flight Mills

AbstractFlight capacity of codling moths, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was measured with computer-linked flight mills following exposure to one of two temperature regimes. Codling moth adults were held for 24 hours before flight under either chilled (2 °C) or unchilled (24 °C) conditions. The chilling treatment emulated conditions that codling moths are exposed to pre-release in the Okanagan Sterile Insect Release (SIR) Programme. Moths were assayed on flight mills for eight hours to obtain a measure of flight capacity based on total flight distance. Energy use was assessed by weight loss during flight and post-flight body lipid content compared with similarly treated moths that did not fly. Flight distance did not vary with pre-flight temperature treatment, however moth pre-flight weight influenced flight capacity; heavier moths flew further. Moths chilled before the bioassay used less energy based on reduced weight loss and higher lipid content post bioassay as compared with unchilled moths. The current cold storage procedure used in the SIR Programme does not negatively influence subsequent flight capacity and reduces energy use during flight. Codling moths can fly on average between 7–10km in an eight-hour flight mill bioassay and lipids, at least in part, are used to fuel flight.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Using In-carton Fumigation with the Quarantine Treatment Against Codling Moth on Apples Intended for Export to Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-443
Author(s):  
James D. Hansen ◽  
Dennis J. Albano ◽  
Millie L. Heidt
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Two Component

The two-component quarantine treatment was shown to be effective against at least 7,000 codling moth (Cydia pomonella) fifth instar larvae infesting `Fuji' apples (Malus × domestica) in each required confirmation test involving two sizes of cartons. After cold storage for 55 days at 36 °F (2.2 °C), infested fruit were placed in vented cartons, either 20-lb [7 × 12 × 12.5 inches (17.8 × 30.5 × 31.8 cm)], or 40-lb [12 × 12.5 × 20.5 inches (30.5 × 31.8 × 52.1 cm)], then fumigated with 0.056 oz/ft3 (56 g·m-3) of methyl bromide for 2 hours at 50 °F (10.0 °C). After each treatment, either no survivors were present or no moribund larvae survived beyond the first week of post evaluation of the larvae.

scholarly journals Radio Frequency Treatments for Postharvest Codling Moth Control in Fresh Apples

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Hansen ◽  
M.L. Heidt ◽  
M.A. Watkins ◽  
S.R. Drake ◽  
J. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Quality Maintenance ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Rf Exposure ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Given

Efficacy of using radio frequency (RF) at 27.12 MHz was evaluated as a postharvest quarantine treatment against fifth instars of the codling moth [Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)], in apples (Malus sylvestris). Tests under the given conditions demonstrated that the energy fields between the RF unit's electrodes were neither predictable nor uniform. Moving fruit submerged in water during RF exposure may improve uniformity, but pulp temperatures varied considerably among fruit, among sites on the same fruit, and at different depths within the same site. As a result of these inconsistencies, quarantine efficacy was not obtained either using a range of final average temperatures from 40 to 68 °C (104.0 to 154.4 °F) or at holding times up to 20 minutes. We concluded it would be difficult to obtain the appropriate parameters for treatment efficacy and fruit quality maintenance using this technology under these conditions.

Evaluation of a non-chemical disinfestation treatment on quality of pome fruit and mortality of lepidopterous pests

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chervin ◽  
S. L. Kreidl ◽  
P. R. Franz ◽  
A. J. Hamilton ◽  
S. R. Whitmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
Time Required

Australian pome fruit exports to northern America and Japan are rejected if they contain lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker) or codling moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus) respectively. A warm controlled atmosphere (CA) disinfestation treatment (72 h at 28˚C at 0, 1 or 2 kPa O2 ), followed by varying lengths of cold storage (5 weeks, 10 weeks or 6 months), is described. Four cultivars were studied: Packham’s Triumph pears (Pyrus communis Linnaeus); Royal Gala; Fuji and Pink Lady apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Consumer panels found that fruit subjected to the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment and cold storage were as acceptable as control fruit. This is an important finding as previously published results for a harsher treatment described treated fruit (especially Pink Lady) as being less acceptable than controls. Some advanced ripening was observed for treated Packham’s Triumph pears. After 5 and 10 weeks cold storage, treated Royal Gala apples were generally firmer than the controls. Insects were also subjected to the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment. The most tolerant life stage (MTS) of lightbrown apple moth was the sixth instar with an LT95 of 37 days cold storage (0.5˚C) after the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment. Comparison with previous research suggests that the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment approximately halves the time required in cold storage for effective control of late instar lightbrown apple moth. A LT95 of 81 days was achieved for fifth instar codling moths (considered to be the MTS) and this may need to be reduced for export to Japan. Preliminary observations suggested that there may not be substantial difference between the resistance of non-diapausing and pre-diapausing codling moth larvae to the warm CA followed by cold treatment.

scholarly journals A Two-component Quarantine Treatment for Postharvest Control of Codling Moth on Apple Cultivars Intended for Export to Japan and Korea

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Hansen ◽  
Harold R. Moffitt ◽  
Dennis J. Albano ◽  
Millie L. Heidt ◽  
Stephen R. Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Regression Slopes

Confirmatory tests were performed on a two-component quarantine treatment against the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for seven apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] cultivars ('Delicious,' `Golden Delicious,' `Braeburn,' `Fuji,' `Gala,' `Jonagold,' and `Granny Smith') intended for export to Japan and Korea. Treatment consists of a 55-day cold storage at 40 °F (2.2 °C) or below, followed by a 2-hour methyl bromide fumigation (0.056 oz/ft3 or 56 g·m-3) at 50 °F (10 °C). No eggs or larvae survived this treatment. Comparison tests were conducted on all cultivars to demonstrate no difference in insect responses between a previously accepted cultivar and proposed cultivars. Concentration-mortality responses were determined for each of the components and no statistical differences were found in the regression slopes of pest mortality with controlling variable (either cold exposure or fumigation) among all cultivars. Descriptive mathematical models, developed for the effects of cold storage on egg mortality and for methyl bromide fumigation on larvae mortality, were sigmoid curve equations.

The results of field trials of the codling moth pheromone preparations in 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Dmitriyeva ◽  
◽  
I.M. Mityushev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Polyethylene Dispenser

This article presents the results of field screening of pheromone preparations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., conducted in 2020 under conditions of the Central Region of the Russian Federation. The new «Tube» type dispensers were tested vs. standard foil-polyethylene dispenser.

scholarly journals Will Peri-Urban Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Challenge Local Eradication?

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Horner ◽  
Georgia Paterson ◽  
James T.S. Walker ◽  
George L.W. Perry ◽  
Rodelyn Jaksons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Catch Rate ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
The City

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a phytosanitary pest of New Zealand’s export apples. The sterile insect technique supplements other controls in an eradication attempt at an isolated group of orchards in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand. There has been no attempt in New Zealand to characterize potential sources of uncontrolled peri-urban populations, which we predicted to be larger than in managed orchards. We installed 200 pheromone traps across Hastings city, which averaged 0.32 moths/trap/week. We also mapped host trees around the pilot eradication orchards and installed 28 traps in rural Ongaonga, which averaged 0.59 moths/trap/week. In Hastings, traps in host trees caught significantly more males than traps in non-host trees, and spatial interpolation showed evidence of spatial clustering. Traps in orchards operating the most stringent codling moth management averaged half the catch rate of Hastings peri-urban traps. Orchards with less rigorous moth control had a 5-fold higher trap catch rate. We conclude that peri-urban populations are significant and ubiquitous, and that special measures to reduce pest prevalence are needed to achieve area-wide suppression and reduce the risk of immigration into export orchards. Because the location of all host trees in Hastings is not known, it could be more cost-effectively assumed that hosts are ubiquitous across the city and the area treated accordingly.

scholarly journals Monthly Weather Forecasts in a Pest Forecasting Context: Downscaling, Recalibration, and Skill Improvement

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hirschi ◽  
Christoph Spirig ◽  
Andreas P. Weigel ◽  
Pierluigi Calanca ◽  
Jörg Samietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Resampling Procedure ◽  
Skill Improvement

AbstractMonthly weather forecasts (MOFCs) were shown to have skill in extratropical continental regions for lead times up to 3 weeks, in particular for temperature and if weekly averaged. This skill could be exploited in practical applications for implementations exhibiting some degree of memory or inertia toward meteorological drivers, potentially even for longer lead times. Many agricultural applications fall into these categories because of the temperature-dependent development of biological organisms, allowing simulations that are based on temperature sums. Most such agricultural models require local weather information at daily or even hourly temporal resolution, however, preventing direct use of the spatially and temporally aggregated information of MOFCs, which may furthermore be subject to significant biases. By the example of forecasting the timing of life-phase occurrences of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), which is a major insect pest in apple orchards worldwide, the authors investigate the application of downscaled weekly temperature anomalies of MOFCs for use in an impact model requiring hourly input. The downscaling and postprocessing included the use of a daily weather generator and a resampling procedure for creating hourly weather series and the application of a recalibration technique to correct for the original underconfidence of the forecast occurrences of codling moth life phases. Results show a clear skill improvement of up to 3 days in root-mean-square error over the full forecast range when incorporating MOFCs as compared with deterministic benchmark forecasts using climatological information for predicting the timing of codling moth life phases.

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