Summary of 26 Heavenly Bamboo Selections Evaluated for Invasive Potential in Florida

Over the course of nearly 2 decades, the resident or wild-type form of heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica) and 25 additional selections have been evaluated for landscape performance and invasive potential in various trial locations in Florida. Overall, in northern Florida (Quincy and Citra), ‘Royal Princess’, ‘Umpqua Chief’, ‘Gulf Stream’, ‘Monfar’ (Sienna Sunrise®), ‘Emerald Sea’, ‘Greray’ (Sunray®), ‘Lemon-Lime’, ‘Murasaki’ (Flirt™), ‘SEIKA’ (Obsession™), and ‘Twilight’ performed well throughout much of the study with average ratings between 3.0 and 4.9 (1 to 5 scale). In southern Florida (Balm and Fort Pierce), ‘AKA’ (Blush Pink™), ‘Compacta’, ‘Emerald Sea’, ‘Firestorm’™, ‘Greray’, ‘Gulf Stream’, ‘Harbour Dwarf’, ‘Jaytee’ (Harbor Belle™), ‘Lemon-Lime’, ‘Monum’ (Plum Passion®), ‘Murasaki’, and ‘SEIKA’ performed well with average ratings between 3.0 and 5.0. Among selections evaluated, plant sizes were categorized as small, medium, or large, where the final plant height ranged from 20 to 129 cm, and the plant perpendicular width ranged from 15 to 100 cm. Almost three-fourths of the selections evaluated had little to no fruiting when compared with the wild-type form. ‘AKA’, ‘Chime’, ‘Filamentosa’, ‘Firehouse’, ‘Firepower’, ‘Firestorm’, ‘Greray’, ‘Lemon- Lime’, ‘Moon Bay’, and ‘SEIKA’ did not fruit at any of the trial sites. In northern Florida, small amounts of fruit (94% to 99.9% reduction) were observed for ‘Gulf Stream’, ‘Harbour Dwarf’, ‘Jaytee’, ‘Monfar’, ‘Murasaki’, ‘Royal Princess’, ‘Twilight’, and the twisted leaf selection. Moderate amounts of fruit (62% to 83% reduction) were observed for ‘Alba’, ‘Emerald Sea’, ‘Lowboy’, ‘Moyer’s Red’, and ‘Umpqua Chief’. Heavy fruiting comparable or greater than the wild type was observed for ‘Compacta’ and ‘Monum’. Pregermination seed viability ranged from 67% to 100% among fruiting selections with 5.5% to 32.0% germination in 60 days. Germination was considerably higher (58% to 82%) when the germination time was extended to 168 days. Nuclear DNA content of selections were comparable to the wild type suggesting they are diploid. Thus, ploidy level does not appear to be associated with female infertility of those little-fruiting heavenly bamboo selections. Overall, our findings revealed certain selections of heavenly bamboo that have little potential to present an ecological threat and thus merit consideration for production and use. As a result, the University of Florida(UF)/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences’ (IFAS) Status Assessment on Non-native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas infraspecific taxon protocol has concluded that ‘Firepower’ and ‘Harbour Dwarf’ are noninvasive and can be recommended for production and use in Florida. In addition, due to acceptable plant performance and low to no fruiting capacity, our research supports that ‘Firehouse’, ‘AKA’, ‘Firestorm’, ‘Gulfstream’, ‘Jaytee’, ‘Monfar’, ‘Royal Princess’, ‘Greray’, ‘Lemon-Lime’, ‘Murasaki’, and ‘SEIKA’ be considered for future noninvasive status approval.

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Landscape Performance and Fruiting of Nine Heavenly Bamboo Selections Grown in Northern and Southern Florida

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.49.6.706 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 706-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sandra B. Wilson ◽

Gary W. Knox ◽

Zhanao Deng ◽

Keona L. Nolan ◽

James Aldrich

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Dna ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Wild Type ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Landscape Performance ◽

Type Selection ◽

Invasive Status ◽

Southern Florida

A wild-type selection of heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica) and eight cultivars were evaluated in northern and southern Florida for 144 weeks. Onset of flowering generally began by April and May in southern Florida and 4 to 8 weeks later in northern Florida. Fruit was first noted 4 to 8 weeks after most cultivars began flowering. Landscape performance and fruit production varied widely among taxa and location. ‘AKA’, ‘Firehouse’, ‘Firepower’, and ‘Firestorm’ heavenly bamboo did not flower or fruit in either location. Greater plant growth, survival, and fruiting were observed in northern Florida than in southern Florida. In both locations, the wild-type form of heavenly bamboo produced more fruit than ‘Alba’, ‘Gulf Stream’, ‘Monfar’, and ‘Moyer’s Red’. Seed viability was fairly consistent among fruiting cultivars, ranging from 69% to 89%. Nuclear DNA content and ploidy analysis indicated that all nine nandina cultivars were diploids, suggesting that tetraploidy is not the genetic cause of the non-fruiting trait in ‘AKA’, ‘Firehouse’, ‘Firepower’, and ‘Firestorm’. Results of this study offer insight into future non-invasive heavenly bamboo breeding efforts and emphasize the importance of cultivar and geographic distinctions when regarding the invasive status of a species.

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Synergism of imipenem with fosfomycin associated with the active cell wall recycling and heteroresistance in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-04303-7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Uthaibhorn Singkham-in ◽

Tanittha Chatsuwan

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

De Novo ◽

Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽

Active Cell ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cell Wall Metabolism ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Type Form ◽

Wild Type Form ◽

Cell Wall Recycling

AbstractThe carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) complex has become an urgent threat worldwide. Here, we determined antibiotic combinations and the feasible synergistic mechanisms against three couples of ACB (A. baumannii (AB250 and A10), A. pittii (AP1 and AP23), and A. nosocomialis (AN4 and AN12)). Imipenem with fosfomycin, the most effective in the time-killing assay, exhibited synergism to all strains except AB250. MurA, a fosfomycin target encoding the first enzyme in the de novo cell wall synthesis, was observed with the wild-type form in all isolates. Fosfomycin did not upregulate murA, indicating the MurA-independent pathway (cell wall recycling) presenting in all strains. Fosfomycin more upregulated the recycling route in synergistic strain (A10) than non-synergistic strain (AB250). Imipenem in the combination dramatically downregulated the recycling route in A10 but not in AB250, demonstrating the additional effect of imipenem on the recycling route, possibly resulting in synergism by the agitation of cell wall metabolism. Moreover, heteroresistance to imipenem was observed in only AB250. Our results indicate that unexpected activity of imipenem on the active cell wall recycling concurrently with the presence of heteroresistance subpopulation to imipenem may lead to the synergism of imipenem and fosfomycin against the ACB isolates.

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Identification of chromosomal deficiency by flow cytometry and cytogenetics in mutant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Solanaceae) plants

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt08223 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 444 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Isane Vera Karsburg ◽

Carlos Roberto Carvalho ◽

Wellington Ronildo Clarindo

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Wild Type ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Morphogenic Process

Structural chromosomal aberrations can occur spontaneously in plant karyotypes as a result of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These aberrations may affect sporophyte fitness because fundamental genes involved with distinct morphogenic process may be lost. Inadequate development of flowers and anomalous fruits without seeds has been observed in plants of Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) ‘BHG 160’ of the tomato germplasm bank (Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil). The nuclear DNA content, quantified by flow cytometry, showed that mutant ‘BHG 160’ possesses 0.09 pg (4.59%) less nuclear DNA content than does the wild-type ‘BGH 160’. Improved cytogenetical preparations evidenced that this difference was due to a spontaneous terminal deficiency in the short arm of the mutant ‘BGH 160’ Chromosome 1. These results suggest that the genes encoded in the short arm of Chromosome 1 may be involved in the development of flowers and fruits in the tomato.

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Androgenetic diploids of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) produced by fused sperm

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f95-089 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 892-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Kazuo Araki ◽

Hisako Shinma ◽

Hiroyuki Nagoya ◽

Ichiro Nakayama ◽

Hiroshi Onozato

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Seminal Plasma ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Wild Type ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Cryopreserved Sperm ◽

Γ Ray

Androgenesis is a technique that produces individuals with all of their chromosomes from male parents. It can be useful in generating homozygous lines of fish, and in the recovery of species from cryopreserved sperm. We produced androgenetic diploids by using fused sperm to fertilize eggs. Eggs of albino "Yellow" rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to 60Co γ-ray irradiation to inactivate the maternally-derived nuclear DNA, and were then fertilized with wild-type rainbow trout sperm fused using an artificial seminal plasma containing 85 mM CaCl2. Embryos that reached the hatching stage (average 0.11%) were pigmented. The nuclear DNA content of cells from newly hatched fry was the same as the DNA content of erythrocyte nuclei of normal diploids.

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Inactivation of the selB Gene in Methanococcus maripaludis: Effect on Synthesis of Selenoproteins and Their Sulfur-Containing Homologs

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.185.1.107-114.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 185 (1) ◽

pp. 107-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Michael Rother ◽

Isabella Mathes ◽

Friedrich Lottspeich ◽

August Böck

Keyword(s):

Gene Product ◽

Formate Dehydrogenase ◽

Selenium Supplementation ◽

Wild Type ◽

Methanococcus Maripaludis ◽

Translation Factor ◽

Type Form ◽

And Function ◽

Sulfur Containing ◽

Wild Type Form

ABSTRACT The genome of Methanococcus maripaludis harbors genes for at least six selenocysteine-containing proteins and also for homologs that contain a cysteine codon in the position of the UGA selenocysteine codon. To investigate the synthesis and function of both the Se and the S forms, a mutant with an inactivated selB gene was constructed and analyzed. The mutant was unable to synthesize any of the selenoproteins, thus proving that the gene product is the archaeal translation factor (aSelB) specialized for selenocysteine insertion. The wild-type form of M. maripaludis repressed the synthesis of the S forms of selenoproteins, i.e., the selenium-independent alternative system, in selenium-enriched medium, but the mutant did not. We concluded that free selenium is not involved in regulation but rather a successional compound such as selenocysteyl-tRNA or some selenoprotein. Apart from the S forms, several enzymes from the general methanogenic route were affected by selenium supplementation of the wild type or by the selB mutation. Although the growth of M. maripaludis on H2/CO2 is only marginally affected by the selB lesion, the gene is indispensable for growth on formate because M. maripaludis possesses only a selenocysteine-containing formate dehydrogenase.

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Evaluating North and South Florida Landscape Performance and Fruiting of Ten Cultivars and a Wild-type Selection of Nandina domestica, a Potentially Invasive Shrub

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-24.3.137 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gary W. Knox ◽

Sandra B. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Seed Viability ◽

Fruit Production ◽

South Florida ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Wild Type ◽

Invasive Shrub ◽

Landscape Performance ◽

Type Selection ◽

North And South ◽

Selection Of

Abstract A wild-type selection of heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica) and ten cultivars were evaluated for plant performance, growth, flowering, and fruiting in north and south Florida. Onset of flowering generally began by March and April in south Florida and 4 to 8 weeks later in north Florida. Fruit was first noted 8 to 16 weeks after most selections began flowering. Landscape performance and fruit production varied widely among taxa and locations. The dwarf selections ‘Filamentosa’ and ‘Firepower’ failed to flower or fruit in either location; while the medium-sized selection, ‘Moon Bay’, did not flower or fruit in south Florida, and the medium-sized selection, ‘Gulf Stream’, flowered but did not fruit in south Florida. Large-sized selections produced more fruit than did dwarf and medium-sized cultivars. Greater plant survival with generally heavier fruiting was observed in north Florida than in south Florida. In north and south Florida, ‘Monum’ and ‘Compacta’ produced more fruit than did the wild-type selection. Seed viability was fairly consistent among cultivars, ranging from 73 to 86%.

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Seed Production and Germination of Eight Cultivars and the Wild Type of Ruellia tweediana: A Potentially Invasive Ornamental

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-21.3.137 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 137-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandra B. Wilson ◽

Laurie K. Mecca

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Native Plant ◽

Wild Type ◽

Type Form ◽

Storage Studies ◽

Exotic Pest ◽

Exotic Pest Plant ◽

Wild Type Form

Abstract Seed production and the influence of light and temperature on germination were determined for eight cultivars and the wild type form of Mexican petunia (Ruellia tweediana Griseb). The wild type form of R. tweediana has been ranked by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council as a Category I invasive plant, meaning it has invaded and is disrupting native plant communities in Florida. The cultivar ‘Purple Showers’ did not set any seed. Peak flowering and seed production for other cultivars generally occurred in August with ‘Morado Chi’, ‘Chi Chi’, and the wild type plants producing approximately three times the amount of seed produced by ‘Katie Pink’, ‘Katie Purple’, ‘Katie White’, and ‘Snow White’. For seed germination, significant cultivar x light interactions occurred for each temperature treatment. Some germination was observed at each temperature except for ‘Katie Purple’, ‘Katie Variegated’, and ‘Katie White’ at 33C (91.4F) without light. Regardless of cultivar or provision of light, 94-100% germination occurred at 30/20C (86/68F), with the exception of ‘Katie Purple’ (65%), ‘Katie Variegated’ (54%), and ‘Katie White’ (83%) without light. At 15, 24 or 33C (59, 75.2, and 91.4F), germination was generally greatest for ‘Chi Chi’ (with or without light) and ‘Morado Chi’ (with light). In parallel greenhouse studies, where seeds were germinated in pots containing a soilless medium, highest germination was achieved by ‘Chi Chi’, ‘Katie Pink’, ‘Katie Variegated’ and ‘Morado Chi’, while significantly lower germination was achieved by wild type plants (55%) by day 14. Storage studies demonstrated that germination of seed collected from the wild type and ‘Chi Chi’ plants began to decrease between 6 and 12 months when maintained at 24C (75.2F) but had equal (‘Chi Chi’) or higher (wild type) germination when maintained at 4C (39.2F) for 12 months.

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Biofilm-Constructing Variants of Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN Outcompete the Wild-Type Form in Free-Living and Static Conditions but Not In Planta

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02670-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marine Rondeau ◽

Qassim Esmaeel ◽

Jérôme Crouzet ◽

Pauline Blin ◽

Isabelle Gosselin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Type ◽

In Planta ◽

Free Living ◽

Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽

Content Type ◽

Iron Sulfur ◽

Type Form ◽

Static Conditions ◽

Wild Type Form

ABSTRACT Members of the genus Burkholderia colonize diverse ecological niches. Among the plant-associated strains, Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN is an endophyte with a broad host range. In a spatially structured environment (unshaken broth cultures), biofilm-constructing specialists of P. phytofirmans PsJN colonizing the air-liquid interface arose at high frequency. In addition to forming a robust biofilm in vitro and in planta on Arabidopsis roots, those mucoid phenotypic variants display a reduced swimming ability and modulate the expression of several microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), including exopolysaccharides (EPS), flagellin, and GroEL. Interestingly, the variants induce low PR1 and PDF1.2 expression compared to that of the parental strain, suggesting a possible evasion of plant host immunity. We further demonstrated that switching from the planktonic to the sessile form did not involve quorum-sensing genes but arose from spontaneous mutations in two genes belonging to an iron-sulfur cluster: hscA (encoding a cochaperone protein) and iscS (encoding a cysteine desulfurase). A mutational approach validated the implication of these two genes in the appearance of variants. We showed for the first time that in a heterogeneous environment, P. phytofirmans strain PsJN is able to rapidly diversify and coexpress a variant that outcompete the wild-type form in free-living and static conditions but not in planta. IMPORTANCE Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN is a well-studied plant-associated bacterium known to induce resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this work, we described the spontaneous appearance of mucoid variants in PsJN from static cultures. We showed that the conversion from the wild-type (WT) form to variants (V) correlates with an overproduction of EPS, an enhanced ability to form biofilm in vitro and in planta, and a reduced swimming motility. Our results revealed also that these phenotypes are in part associated with spontaneous mutations in an iron-sulfur cluster. Overall, the data provided here allow a better understanding of the adaptive mechanisms likely developed by P. phytofirmans PsJN in a heterogeneous environment.

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