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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uthaibhorn Singkham-in ◽  
Tanittha Chatsuwan

AbstractThe carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) complex has become an urgent threat worldwide. Here, we determined antibiotic combinations and the feasible synergistic mechanisms against three couples of ACB (A. baumannii (AB250 and A10), A. pittii (AP1 and AP23), and A. nosocomialis (AN4 and AN12)). Imipenem with fosfomycin, the most effective in the time-killing assay, exhibited synergism to all strains except AB250. MurA, a fosfomycin target encoding the first enzyme in the de novo cell wall synthesis, was observed with the wild-type form in all isolates. Fosfomycin did not upregulate murA, indicating the MurA-independent pathway (cell wall recycling) presenting in all strains. Fosfomycin more upregulated the recycling route in synergistic strain (A10) than non-synergistic strain (AB250). Imipenem in the combination dramatically downregulated the recycling route in A10 but not in AB250, demonstrating the additional effect of imipenem on the recycling route, possibly resulting in synergism by the agitation of cell wall metabolism. Moreover, heteroresistance to imipenem was observed in only AB250. Our results indicate that unexpected activity of imipenem on the active cell wall recycling concurrently with the presence of heteroresistance subpopulation to imipenem may lead to the synergism of imipenem and fosfomycin against the ACB isolates.


eJHaem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ballul ◽  
Nabil Belfeki ◽  
Adèle Masson ◽  
Véronique Meignin ◽  
Paul‐Louis Woerther ◽  
...  

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6706
Author(s):  
Satoshi Wakita ◽  
Yasusato Sugahara ◽  
Masayuki Nakamura ◽  
Syunsuke Kobayashi ◽  
Kazuhisa Matsuda ◽  
...  

Chitooligosaccharides exhibit several biomedical activities, such as inflammation and tumorigenesis reduction in mammals. The mechanism of the chitooligosaccharides’ formation in vivo has been, however, poorly understood. Here we report that mouse acidic chitinase (Chia), which is widely expressed in mouse tissues, can produce chitooligosaccharides from deacetylated chitin (chitosan) at pH levels corresponding to stomach and lung tissues. Chia degraded chitin to produce N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) dimers. The block-type chitosan (heterogenous deacetylation) is soluble at pH 2.0 (optimal condition for mouse Chia) and was degraded into chitooligosaccharides with various sizes ranging from di- to nonamers. The random-type chitosan (homogenous deacetylation) is soluble in water that enables us to examine its degradation at pH 2.0, 5.0, and 7.0. Incubation of these substrates with Chia resulted in the more efficient production of chitooligosaccharides with more variable sizes was from random-type chitosan than from the block-type form of the molecule. The data presented here indicate that Chia digests chitosan acquired by homogenous deacetylation of chitin in vitro and in vivo. The degradation products may then influence different physiological or pathological processes. Our results also suggest that bioactive chitooligosaccharides can be obtained conveniently using homogenously deacetylated chitosan and Chia for various biomedical applications.


Author(s):  
Fengqin Tang ◽  
Chunning Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Jinxia Su

A multilayer network is a useful representation for real-world complex systems in which multiple types of connections are formed between entities. Connections of the same type form a specific layer of the network. We propose a novel framework for predicting links in a target layer of a multilayer network by taking into account the interlayer structural information. The method depends on the intuitive assumption that two node pairs in the target layer tend to have similar connection patterns if these pairs of nodes are similar. Further, the prediction accuracy will be improved in the target layer if the structural information of the copies of the node pairs in relevant layers is employed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method experimentally by applying it to both simulated and real-world multilayer networks.


Author(s):  
Yuliarni Yuliarni ◽  
Rustopo Rustopo ◽  
Guntur Guntur ◽  
Timbul Raharjo

This article explores the production, in particular innovation, of Plered ceramics. Innovation development seeks to recognize innovations and improvements, as well as the role of institutions in the ceramic industry at Plered. The analysis approach used is qualitative, through observation, interviews, literature review data sources are collected.The results showed that the development of Plered ceramics was carried out in terms of product and process. Product innovation occurs in aspects of type, form and function, while process innovation occurs in aspects of ideas, materials and production techniques. The roles of government, academics, entrepreneurs and consumers who work together are very supportive of the development of Plered ceramics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  

The objective of the research is based on a material problem. It is the literal application of the concept of quality and the work of its mechanics without applying its function. This function is followed by behavior and thought which is renewed by the renewal of work, its type, form and management. Here we can say that the positive thinker is productive in all its conditions, and this can only be achieved through the perpetuation of thought, knowledge and work in the spirit of wisdom, "the search for existence" - the purpose of the surrounding existence (God) - the speaking person is the wise intellect, He gradually develops into the work of meditation, the research tool, the questioning stage, and as a result philosophizes his existing environment. This contributes to the development of his personal skills, including the quality of his thinking, the formulation of his goals and their application, and thus achieving himself. In light of the above, the question arises: How can quality be a new thinking, and what is its philosophical basis? This research is determined by two arguments: The first topic deals with the theoretical references to the research variables. The second topic examines the quality of practical philosophical thinking / foundations in performance and application. Keywords: quality, new thinking, reading, its philosophical foundations.


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyuk Lee ◽  
Jong-Won Lee ◽  
Moon-Kyung Kim ◽  
Hee-Mun Park

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations using the statistical method of the Anderson-Darling test. To compare and analyze this effect, a spray-type form of TiO2 was applied to the asphalt pavement surface on urban roads. Data acquisition for NOx concentration was collected from a test section with TiO2 applied and a reference section without TiO2 applied. The probabilities of occurrence of the NOx concentration in the test and reference section were estimated and compared using the Anderson-Darling test. In sum, most of the NOx concentrations were probabilistically lower in the test section. The average probability of the NOx concentration in the test section in the ‘low’ range was 46.2% higher than in the reference section. In the ‘high’ and ‘moderate’ ranges, the average probability of the NOx concentration compared to that of the reference section was lower by 28.1% and 18.8%, respectively. These results revealed that the photochemical reaction from the TiO2 material applied on asphalt pavement was effective in reducing NOx.


Author(s):  
P. Chandra Sandeep

CharityML is a fictional non-earnings company created for the only motive of the usage of for this project. Many non-earnings groups try at the donations they get hold of and specifically they need to be very choosy in whom to reach for the donations. In our project, we used numerous supervised algorithms of our concern to as it should be model the individuals' profits with the usage of records accumulated from the 1994 U.S. Census. You will then select the first-rate set of rules from the initial values and then by using the initial values optimize this set of rules for better prediction. Your purpose with this implementation is to assemble a version that asit should be predicts whether or not a man or woman makes extra than 50,000 dollars. This type form undertakings are going to help in a non-earnings company setup, wherein groups live on donations. Understanding a character's profits can assist non-earnings company higher apprehend how huge of a grant to request, or whether or not no longer they need to attain out to start with. While it is able to be hard to decide a character's standard profits bracket form the known sources, we will infer this price from different publicly to be had features. The dataset for this assignment originates from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. The dataset become donated with the aid of using Ron Kohavi and Barry Becker, after being posted withinside the article "Scaling Up the Accuracy of Naive-Bayes Classifiers: A Decision-Tree Hybrid". The records we inspect right here includes few modifications to the raw dataset, which include disposing of the 'hgtre' attribute and information with lacking or ill-formatted fields.


Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Maria Bartolomeu ◽  
Cristiana Oliveira ◽  
Carla Pereira ◽  
M. Graça P. M. S. Neves ◽  
M. Amparo F. Faustino ◽  
...  

Pathogenic viruses are frequently present in marine and estuarine waters, due to poor wastewater (WW) treatments, which consequently affect water quality and human health. Chlorination, one of the most common methods used to ensure microbiological safety in tertiarily treated effluents, may lead to the formation of toxic chemical disinfection by-products on reaction with organic matter present in the effluents. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be a promising disinfecting approach for the inactivation of pathogens, without the formation of known toxic by-products. Additionally, some studies have reported the potentiator effect on aPDT of some compounds, such as potassium iodide (KI) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In the present study, the aPDT efficiency of a PS formulation constituted of five cationic porphyrins (Form) in the inactivation of E. coli T4-like bacteriophage, a model of mammalian viruses, in different aqueous matrices with different organic matter content, was evaluated. Photoinactivation studies were performed at different concentrations of Form and in the presence of the adjuvants KI and H2O2. The results showed that the efficiency of bacteriophage photoinactivation is correlated with the Form concentration, the amount of the organic matter in WW, and the adjuvant type. Form can be an effective alternative to controlling viruses in WW, particularly if combined with H2O2, allowing to significantly reduce PS concentration and treatment time. When combined with KI, the Form is less effective in inactivating T4-like bacteriophage in WW.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Julia Rycyna ◽  
Zhanao Deng ◽  
Gary Knox

Over the course of nearly 2 decades, the resident or wild-type form of heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica) and 25 additional selections have been evaluated for landscape performance and invasive potential in various trial locations in Florida. Overall, in northern Florida (Quincy and Citra), ‘Royal Princess’, ‘Umpqua Chief’, ‘Gulf Stream’, ‘Monfar’ (Sienna Sunrise®), ‘Emerald Sea’, ‘Greray’ (Sunray®), ‘Lemon-Lime’, ‘Murasaki’ (Flirt™), ‘SEIKA’ (Obsession™), and ‘Twilight’ performed well throughout much of the study with average ratings between 3.0 and 4.9 (1 to 5 scale). In southern Florida (Balm and Fort Pierce), ‘AKA’ (Blush Pink™), ‘Compacta’, ‘Emerald Sea’, ‘Firestorm’™, ‘Greray’, ‘Gulf Stream’, ‘Harbour Dwarf’, ‘Jaytee’ (Harbor Belle™), ‘Lemon-Lime’, ‘Monum’ (Plum Passion®), ‘Murasaki’, and ‘SEIKA’ performed well with average ratings between 3.0 and 5.0. Among selections evaluated, plant sizes were categorized as small, medium, or large, where the final plant height ranged from 20 to 129 cm, and the plant perpendicular width ranged from 15 to 100 cm. Almost three-fourths of the selections evaluated had little to no fruiting when compared with the wild-type form. ‘AKA’, ‘Chime’, ‘Filamentosa’, ‘Firehouse’, ‘Firepower’, ‘Firestorm’, ‘Greray’, ‘Lemon- Lime’, ‘Moon Bay’, and ‘SEIKA’ did not fruit at any of the trial sites. In northern Florida, small amounts of fruit (94% to 99.9% reduction) were observed for ‘Gulf Stream’, ‘Harbour Dwarf’, ‘Jaytee’, ‘Monfar’, ‘Murasaki’, ‘Royal Princess’, ‘Twilight’, and the twisted leaf selection. Moderate amounts of fruit (62% to 83% reduction) were observed for ‘Alba’, ‘Emerald Sea’, ‘Lowboy’, ‘Moyer’s Red’, and ‘Umpqua Chief’. Heavy fruiting comparable or greater than the wild type was observed for ‘Compacta’ and ‘Monum’. Pregermination seed viability ranged from 67% to 100% among fruiting selections with 5.5% to 32.0% germination in 60 days. Germination was considerably higher (58% to 82%) when the germination time was extended to 168 days. Nuclear DNA content of selections were comparable to the wild type suggesting they are diploid. Thus, ploidy level does not appear to be associated with female infertility of those little-fruiting heavenly bamboo selections. Overall, our findings revealed certain selections of heavenly bamboo that have little potential to present an ecological threat and thus merit consideration for production and use. As a result, the University of Florida(UF)/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences’ (IFAS) Status Assessment on Non-native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas infraspecific taxon protocol has concluded that ‘Firepower’ and ‘Harbour Dwarf’ are noninvasive and can be recommended for production and use in Florida. In addition, due to acceptable plant performance and low to no fruiting capacity, our research supports that ‘Firehouse’, ‘AKA’, ‘Firestorm’, ‘Gulfstream’, ‘Jaytee’, ‘Monfar’, ‘Royal Princess’, ‘Greray’, ‘Lemon-Lime’, ‘Murasaki’, and ‘SEIKA’ be considered for future noninvasive status approval.


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